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The electrophysical properties of semiconductor–superconductor sandwich pairs (InP–Bi/Pb 2223, 2234, 2245) are investigated, in which homophase superconductors based on bismuth cuprates with high reproducible critical temperatures of superconducting transition Tc = 107–180 K are used. The advantage of melt solar technology for obtaining superconducting materials is demonstrated. The microstructure and phase composition of strongly anisotropic superconductors with nominal composition Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca(n– 1)CunOy (n = 3, 4, 5) are researched. A technique of experimental determination of superconducting transition critical temperatures Tc in single-phase and homophase HTSC samples is presented. The current–voltage characteristics of InP–Bi/Pb pairs are investigated. The relationship between the electrical resistance of sandwich pairs and superconductor critical temperature Tc is established.

An opportunity of using solar energy to develop a multicomponent ceramic material synthesis technology using melts has been demonstrated. Optical and energy parameters of the 1 MW Large solar furnace for synthesizing aluminum titanate-based materials are presented along with their phase and grain size compositions depending on the melt cooling rate. A possibility of obtaining a two-phase material containing the tialite phase and spinel is shown. A positive effect of the spinel phase on the properties of ceramics made from the material synthesized by using solar energy has been established.

The advantages of the melt technique for the synthesis of superconducting materials are shown in comparison with the solid phase technique. Glass crystal precursors of the Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca(n – 1)CunOy series (n = 2–20) synthesized with SFAQ-T (Super Fast Alloys Quenching) technology under the influence of concentrated solar energy are used to produce superconducting Bi/Pb phases with increased superconducting transition temperatures.

In this study, the potential possibilities of the precision of the vibrating reed method for the evaluation of the . of superconducting precursors in an HTSC Bi-Pb-Sr-Cu-O system were investigated. A special technology for obtaining these samples by using solar energy for melting and following superfast melt quenching was applied to increase their internal inhomogeneity, allowing to receive high-quality textural ceramic samples of Bi1,7Pb0,3Sr2Can-1CunOy (n=2-30) showing critical temperatures of superconducting precursor transitions above bulk Tc. To determine critical temperatures of superconducting precursors above bulk Tc for the first time, the original vibrating reed method of studying these multiphase samples in an applied magnetic field was used. It was shown that this method has sensitivity to superconducting diamagnetism making possible to reveal new superconducting precursor phases above bulk Tc.

The phase composition and superconducting properties of high-temperature superconductors of homologous series of Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca n − 1Cu n O y (n = 4−9) based on amorphous precursors obtained under the influence of solar energy was studied. The formation of structural defects was established, and their relation with the increase in the temperature of the superconducting transition up to 181 K was assumed.

The problem of energy shortage governs the search for renewable energy sources. Solar energy is used to synthesize and study the properties of the following oxide compounds: REE titanates (La–Lu), titanates of the pseudo-brookite type, solid solutions of the fluorite type based on ZrO2 and HfO2, and superconductors of theseries Bi1.7Pb0.3Sr2Ca n–1Cu n O y (n = 2 – 20). The advantages of synthesis technology using solar energy and a favorable change in ceramic functional material properties is demonstrated.

The possibility of obtaining basalt fiber based on mineral raw material from Uzbekistan using heating by concentrated solar radiation is investigated. The phase composition and properties of the basalt fiber obtained by a conventional technology using gas and solar energy as an energy carrier are studied. The parameters of the solar furnace in the technological process of obtaining basalt fiber are determined. The first results attest that concentrated solar energy can be used to produce ‘green’ technologies for obtaining fibrous materials.

The possibility of obtaining basalt mineral fibers using concentrating solar power and melt-quench technique is shown. The microstructure and physicochemical properties of basalt fibers are analyzed.