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The capabilities approach, a framework for understanding and measuring inequality, stipulates that equality is best understood as the freedom to do and be within a particular context. Homelessness has been referred to as a situation of ‘capabilities deprivation’, and the extent to which homeless services restore or enhance capabilities is of increasing interest. As part of a large, eight-country study of homelessness in Europe, we examined the extent to which adults with histories of perceived the services they receive as capabilities-enhancing. We collected data at two time points: baseline (nt1 = 565) and follow-up (nt2 = 399). Measures included perceived capabilities, choice and housing quality. Participants engaged with Housing First (HF) programmes perceived services as more capabilities-enhancing than participants engaged with treatment as usual (TAU); this relationship was mediated by consumer choice and perceived housing quality. Implications for social policy, practice and training are discussed. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Contains fulltext : 207157.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The implementation and adaptation of the Housing First (HF) model represented profound changes the structure and delivery, goals, and principles of homeless services. These features of homeless services directly influence providers, their work performance and the clients' outcomes. The present research, conducted in eight European countries, investigated how social providers working in HF or TS (Traditional Staircase) describe and conceptualize the goals and the principles of their services. Data were collected through 29 focus group discussions involving 121 providers. The results showed that HF and TS had similar and different goals for their clients in the following areas: support, social integration, satisfaction of needs, housing, and well-being. HF providers emphasized clients' autonomy and ability to determine their personal goals, with housing being considered a start on the path of recovery, while TS were more focused on individual clients' basic needs with respect to food, health and finding temporary accommodations. HF providers privileged the person-centered approach and housing as a right, while TS providers were more focused on helping everyone. Implications of the results are discussed as suggestions both for practice and for research.

Course control is critical for the acquisition of spatial information during exploration and navigation, and it is thought to rely on neural circuits that process locomotive-related multimodal signals. However, which circuits underlie this control, and how multimodal information contributes to the control system are questions poorly understood. We used Virtual Reality to examine the role of self-generated visual signals (visual feedback) on the control of exploratory walking in flies. Exploratory flies display two distinct motor contexts, characterized by low speed and fast rotations, or by high speed and slow rotations, respectively. Flies use visual feedback to control body rotations, but in a motor-context specific manner, primarily when walking at high speed. Different populations of visual motion-sensitive cells estimate body rotations via congruent, multimodal inputs, and drive compensatory rotations. However, their effective contribution to course control is dynamically tuned by a speed-related signal. Our data identifies visual networks with a multimodal circuit mechanism for adaptive course control and suggests models for how visual feedback is combined with internal signals to guide exploratory course control.

Telecommunication networks based on commonplace technologies (such as Ethernet) often constitute a vulnerable attack vector against modern critical infrastructures (CIs), particularly for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems, which rely on them for monitoring and controlling physical components. This paper presents a unique platform that encompasses a range of capabilities, from cyber-attack detection to mitigation strategies, through interdependency and risk evaluation. The platform is made of two main components: a cyber-attack detection subsystem and a risk assessment framework. Both blocks are innovative from research point of view and they have been developed and customized to fit the CIs' features, that are completely different from telecommunication networks. This platform has been tested on a hybrid environment testbed, made of virtual and real components, within the scope of the EU FP7 CockpitCI and EU H2020 ATENA projects. The case study corresponds to a medium voltage power grid controlled by a SCADA control center, where the platform has been validated with optimal results in terms of detection capabilities and time response.