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Introduction: Syphilis is still a worldwide problem; with approximately 12 million people infected every year. Over the last decade, Brazil had an increment in the number of cases. The year 2016 reported 37,436 cases of syphilis in pregnant women and 20,474 cases of congenital syphilis, with 185 deaths. The Southeast region reached the highest numbers, especially in the state of Espírito Santo with high rates in pregnant women, being the third highest incidence rate in the country with 10.4 cases/1,000 live births, above the national average of 6.8 cases/1,000 live births. Objective: Describe the therapeutic treatment of children affected with congenital syphilis as well as the clinical, radiological and laboratory changes associated to this disease. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive, exploratory, quantitative study, based on 204 notification forms of congenital syphilis from January 2016 to December 2017. Results: The findings showed that 88.7% of the puerperal women performed prenatal care. Regarding newborns, 85.3% were asymptomatic. When analyzing the therapeutic regimen instituted, 22.5% used procaine Penicillin G, 22.5% crystalline Penicillin G and 20.6% benzathine Penicillin G. Conclusion: The treatment instituted by this philanthropic maternity for newborns with congenital syphilis is in line with the guidelines proposed by the Ministry of Health. The clinical symptoms do not represent a frequent finding during the neonatal period, however, they can occur later.

Despite the growing structure of the National Immunization Program, it was possible to witness the resurgence of immunopreventable diseases that were supposed to be controlled. Such phenomenon motivates unrest and discussion in the field of public health, encouraging the academic and scientific community to seek answers, because clearly factors are interfering with the quality of the intended end product, which is the immunogenic protection of populations. In this way, it was evidenced that the media has favored the circulation of dubious and falsely articulated information, causing a fear in the populationthat makes it difficult to adhere to receiving vaccines. Frequently, those attitudes are based on concepts,values, philosophical and religious beliefs that hinder the effective communication of health professionals and the population eligible to receive the immunobiological. In this scenario , false news can cause health problems, hence, it is important to stands out the significance of scientific information. False publications were determinants in the worldwide expansion of the anti-vaccine movement. Indicators of morbidity and mortality are important in the delineation of coping priority in healthcare, but understanding the phenomena that permeate the decision making of populations is of paramount importance for the design of strategies. Research methodologies with different perspective on the same topic complement each other. It is not enough to quantify the problem, but it is also necessary to look for the social changes that occur inthe group and to determine the diversification of behavior in society, mixed research methodologies often propose results that broaden understanding. It is emphasized that providing false information implies the deconstruction of science, considering that scientific information supports decisions that involve the health of the population in different contexts and support the development of public health policies.

Identificar as causas de mudanças de esquemas terapêuticos no tratamento de Aids em crianças contaminadas por transmissão vertical. Estudo caso-controle, sendo o grupo controle constituído de 49 crianças que não efetuaram troca de esquema antirretroviral, e o grupo caso, de 62 crianças que já efetuaram troca de janeiro de 2000 a dezembro de 2005. Foram utilizados dados do prontuário e roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada. A análise dos dados foi pelo programa SPSS, usado teste qui-quadrado e regressão logística. As principais causas para mudança do tratamento foram: piora virológica (48,4%), imunológica (46,6%) e clínica (35,5%) dos pacientes. O ajuste dos dados através de análise da regressão logística demonstrou que a intolerância medicamentosa foi a variável que mais contribui para a mudança da medicação (OR ajustado:79,94; IC95%:6,28-1034,55) A adesão não foi apontada como responsável pela troca de tratamento antirretroviral, esse fato foi atribuído à organização do serviço e a atuação da equipe interdisciplinar. To identify the causes of changes in therapeutic regimens for treating AIDS in children infected through vertical transmission. This was a case-control study in which the control group consisted of 49 children who had not had any changes to their antiretroviral regimen and the case group consisted of 62 children who had had changes between January 2000 and December 2005. Data from the patients' medical files and a semistructured interview were used. The data analysis was carried out using the SPSS software, and the chi-square test and logistic regression were applied. The main causes of changes in treatment were: increased viral load (48.4%), poor immunological response (46.6%) and clinical worsening (35.5%) of the patients. The adjustment of the data through logistic regression analysis showed that drug intolerance was the variable that contributed most to the change in medication (adjusted OR: 79.94; 95% CI: 6.28 -1034.55). Adherence was not shown to be responsible for changes in the anti-retroviral therapy, and this was attributable to the organization of the service and actions of the interdisciplinary team.

Objetivo: Comparar aspectos sociodemográficos e reprodutivos entre mulheres que induziram a interrupção da gestação e mulheres que levaram a gestação a termo, admitidas em uma maternidade pública. Métodos: Estudo caso-controle onde foram incluídas 21 mulheres que realizaram abortamento induzido e 83 que tiveram gestação a termo, no período de agosto de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. Resultados: Não houve diferença significativa na comparação entre as freqüências dos grupos em relação à idade, cor da pele, anos de estudo, religião, renda mensal, idade da menarca, idade da coitarca, idade da primeira gestação, número de gestações, intervalo entre a última e a penúltima gestação e o número de filhos vivos. O estado conjugal casada/em união estável [OR=0,241 (IC95% 0,061 0,951)] e desejo pela gravidez [OR=0,168 (IC95% 0,042 0,669)] mostraram-se associados à ocorrência de abortamento induzido como fatores de proteção. Conclusão: Para atenuar o problema do abortamento inseguro, deve-se investir na promoção da saúde reprodutiva incentivando o acesso à educação sexual e ao planejamento familiar. Goal: Comparing socio demographic and reproductive aspects between women who had induced the interruption of pregnancy and women who had taken the pregnancy period in full hospitalized in a public maternity. Methods: Study case-control that 21 women who had an induced miscarriage and 83 who had the full pregnancy period were included in the period from August, 2005 to January, 2006. Results: There was no significant difference in the comparison between the frequency of groups related to age, skin color, study years, religion, monthly income, first-period age, first sexual-relation age, first pregnancy age, number of pregnancy, gap between last and the one before the last pregnancy and the number of live children. The marital status married/stable union [OR=0, 241 (IC95% 0, 06 0, 951)] and the pregnancy will [OR=0, 168 (IC95% 0, 042 0, 669)] are associated to the occurrence of induced miscarriage as a protection factor. Conclusions: To make evident the unsafe miscarriage problem, there must be an investment in the promotion of the reproductive health motivating the access to the sexual education and the family planning. Objetivo: Comparar aspectos socio demográficos y reproductivos entre mujeres que indujeron la interrupción del embarazo y mujeres que concluyeron el embarazo y fueron admitidas en una maternidad pública. Métodos: Estudio caso-control donde fueron incluidas 21 mujeres que realizaron aborto inducido y 83 que tuvieron la gestión completa, en el período de agosto de 2005 a enero de 2006. Resultados: No hubo diferencia significativa en la comparación entre las frecuencias de los grupos en relación a la edad, color de piel, años de estudio, religión, renta mensual, edad de menopausia, edad de iniciación sexual, edad del primer embarazo, número de embarazos, intervalo entre el último y el penúltimo embarazo y el número de hijos vivos. El estado conyugal casado/a estable [OR=0,241 (IC95% 0,061 0,951)] y deseo por el embarazo [OR=0,168 (IC95% 0,042 0,669)] se muestran asociados al hecho del aborto inducido como factores de protección. Conclusión: Para atenuar el problema del aborto inseguro, se debe invertir en la promoción de la salud reproductiva incentivando el acceso a la educación sexual y a la planificación familiar.

The main objective is to assess whether nebulization before gastric lavage (GL) improves its sensitivity for the diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis (TB). Children and adolescents suspected of pulmonary TB were randomly assigned (1 : 2) to nebulization with hypertonic saline 30 min before GL (Neb group; n = 36) or GL without prior nebulization (controls; n = 68). The proportion of positive GL smears was greater in Neb group than in the control group; however, no statistical significance was observed (36.3% vs. 22.2%; p = 0.4). Inhalation of nebulized hypertonic saline before GL did not improve TB diagnosis in this study. Nevertheless, the validation of our data will require large longitudinal studies.