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Teachers in institutions of higher education have a very high degree of freedom when designing curricula. They make decisions on learning objectives, content, content organization, teaching arrange...

This paper aims to evaluate Law Universities Websites in India through webometrics method. A total of 21 Indian Law Universities were taken up for the study homepage of the Universities were taken up for the study and the various web objects were identified and also their locations in the home page of the Universities were analyzed and discussed. The purpose of these universities is to evaluate Law Universities web sites using Alexa Internet. Each Law Universities web site was searched in Alexa databank and relevant data including traffic rank, pages viewed, links, bounce percentage, time on site, search percentage, and Indian/other users were collected.

Big data provides objective data support and services for the development of teachers' professional competence. In another words, it could be an effective way to promote the development of teachers' professional innovation by using the data as the driving force. The article analyzes the characteristics of teachers' professional ability under the big data environment. On this basis, the teacher professional ability development system is designed in detail from the content organization, system construction and implementation process. The design provides a more scientific, objective and comprehensive basis for the realization of dynamic and quantitative analysis of teachers' professional ability, and then provides accurate and personalized services for the development of teachers' professional ability.

Este artículo describe y analiza casos típicos que, en el contexto universitario, utilizan las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación resultando en algún tipo de innovación o mejora curricular en consonancia con los procesos de convergencia europea inherentes al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES). Los resultados más relevantes de los casos analizados implican cambios que aportan a una mejor organización de los contenidos y la implementación de recursos metodológicos diferentes de los utilizados en la enseñanza regular que redundan en el ejercicio de nuevos roles tanto para el profesorado como para el alumnado. Todo y que estas mejoras apenas explotan todas las posibilidades que los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje virtuales pueden ofrecer, son un primer paso hacia un cambio de visión respecto de la enseñanza universitaria que necesita ser apuntalado con políticas más definidas tanto en inversión de recursos como en formación e incentivos al profesorado This article describes and analyses several typical cases of using Information and Communication Technology to teach at university. All of them show some kind of educational innovation to contribute to European Higher Education Area.Most remarkable results demonstrate a better learning content organization, the implementation of new methodological approaches to teach and new roles for teachers and students. Improvements don't take advantage of all possibilities of virtual learning environments but they are the first step to a different approach of teaching at university. At last the study also shows the necessity of more clear policies to invest in resources and teaching training

Focusing on the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) website in the Philippines, this study aimed to make it more usable by means of improving its web design while incorporating web user attitude towards the website. In addition, the study determined the relationship between web user attitude and web design elements (Labels Used, Content Organization, and Page Layout). The results of the study showed that the current design of the DFA website had an SUM (combination of the usability metrics) of 0.85σ as compared to the proposed web design (3.20σ). The respondents’ positive emotions increased by 5.00% while their negative emotions decreased by 20% when the optimal alternative design was used.

Optical character recognition is a kind of report picture investigation where filtered images that contain either machine printed or composed by hand content commitment to an optical character recognition (OCR) programming and making an interpretation of it into an editable machine discernible computerized content organization. An effort has been made to build up OCR framework for Odia language for that we have taken Self Organizing Map Network (SOM). Research in the field of character recognition for Odia content faces challenges generally in view of its properties like nature, various content styles and setting subordinate conditions of characters and their circumstance with respect to the check. This paper shows the impact of various element extraction strategy based on structural features are utilized in Odia character recognition framework with very high recognition accuracy rate. In this paper we proposed a Self Organizing Map Network (SOM) developed with specific structural features like height, width, cross section, end points to get high recognition accuracy up to 97.55%.

Successful online communities accumulate large amounts of long-term content. However there has been little quantitative, theoretically-motivated exploration of how communities organize such content, nor which community members take responsibility for active organization. We examine one aspect of long-term content organization through link behavior, also exploring role differences between enterprise community leaders and members in the context of life-cycle community models. We first classify how content is linked within posts, identifying usage patterns that organize information within and outside communities. We next present an exploratory quantitative analysis of 2,010 communities including 428,476 posts and 1,246,570 links. We show paradoxically that although mature communities accumulate substantial content, organizing that content using links decreases over time. Further analyses suggest that this arises from a recency bias, with communities being focused on current content. Our results also challenge descriptive lifecycle community models, which propose that regular community members adopt greater responsibility over time. We explore explanations for our findings and implications including new tools that encourage responsibility for active organization, as well as methods for members to revisit critical content.

A organização é um componente da Arquitetura da Informação que trata da classificação do conteúdo de um sistema. Em revistas científicas eletrônicas, a organização impacta a interação do usuário com o conteúdo e a visibilidade dos artigos publicados. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é verificar como funcionam os sistemas de organização das revistas científicas eletrônicas. Para análise, foram selecionadas três revistas de relevância para ciência e com elevados fatores de impacto na área multidisciplinar, que são as seguintes: Nature, Science e PLOS Biology. O método escolhido foi a inspeção por lista de verificação, realizada a partir de sentenças teste, descritas com base em autores de referência na área. A análise considerou se, quando empregados nas revistas, os esquemas de organização dividem a informação em seções bem definidas e exclusivas e se suportam um processo de aprendizagem associativa que possibilita ao usuário fazer novas conexões. Verificou-se, também, se as estruturas empregadas nas revistas organizam o conteúdo em agrupamentos lógicos e beneficiam a pesquisa, a navegação, a filtragem e a vinculação da informação. Além dos tradicionais esquemas e estruturas de organização, o estudo verifica se as revistas apresentam maneiras alternativas de classificar informações digitais baseadas na organização colaborativa do conteúdo e geradas a partir de marcações dos usuários (tags). Como resultados, a pesquisa apresenta os mapeamentos dos sistemas de organização das revistas analisadas. A análise ainda valida indicadores que podem ser aplicados para a avaliação e para o aprimoramento dos sistemas de organização de revistas científicas., Organization is a component of Information Architecture that deals with system content classification. In electronic journals, organization impacts user interaction with the content and the visibility of published articles. Thus, the objective of this article is to verify how the organization systems of electronic scientific journals work. For the analysis, three journals of relevance to science and with high impact factors in the multidisciplinary area were selected: Nature, Science and PLOS Biology. The method chosen was the inspection by checklist, which was performed through the test sentences, described with basis on reference authors in the area. The analysis considered if organizational schemas divide information into defined and unique sections when used in journals, and if they support an associative learning process that enables the user to make new connections. It was also verified if the structures used in journals organize the content into logical groupings and benefit the research, navigation, filtering and linking of the information. In addition to the traditional schema and organizational structures, the study also verifies if journals present alternative ways of classifying digital information based on the collaborative content organization generated from user tags. As results, the research presents the mapping of the organization systems of the journals that were analyzed. These results can be applied to improve other scientific journals and their systems.

Desde el año 1876, cuando Melvil Dewey publicó la primera edición de su sistema de clasificación bibliográfico, este ha ido evolucionando como un sistema de clasificación muy firme y adaptable que permite organizar de manera práctica el conocimiento, incluso en la Internet. El presente artículo, es derivado de una investigación doctoral desarrollada durante 5 años acerca de diferentes aspectos semánticos, epistemológicos, históricos y tecnológicos de la Clasificación Decimal Dewey, intentará mostrar la vigencia de este Sistema, a raíz de las nuevas tendencias en organización del conocimiento, mostrando esto desde la perspectiva de la evolución y su forma de adaptarse debido a los cambios tecnológicos y las tendencias actuales de la organización de contenidos.

vii CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION 1 Background 1 Motivation 6 Problem Statement 9 Content Organization 10 CHAPTER 2—APPROACH TO RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND VALIDATION 12 Case Study Protocol 12 Case Study Process 14 Case Study Selection 14 Case Study Agency Synopsis 16 CHAPTER 3—FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING A PRECONSTRUCTION SERVICES COST ESTIMATING MODEL FOR HIGHWAY PROJECTS 25 Abstract 25 25 Introduction 25 Background 26 Methodology 29 Results 30 Conclusions 36 CHAPTER 4— A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH TO ESTIMATING PRECONSTRUCTION SERVICES COST 38

ix Chapter 1—Introduction 1 Background 2 Project Delivery Methods 2 Preconstruction Phase 6 Independent Cost Estimate 11 Motivation 12 Problem Statement 13 Content Organization 14 Chapter 2—Overall Approach to Research Methodology and Validation 15 Chapter 3—Benefits and Challenges of Implementing Construction Manager/General Contractor Project Delivery: The View From the Field 18 Abstract 18 18 Introduction 19 Motivation 20 Literature Review 20 Results of the CMGC Peer Exchange Content Analysis 22 Benefits 26 Challenges 27 Conclusions 29 Acknowledgements 30

Las estrategias pedagógicas son los planes de acción encaminados a gestionar los aspectos relacionados con la secuenciación y organización de los contenidos, especificación de las actividades de aprendizaje, y decidir cómo entregar el contenido y las actividades en los procesos de enseñanza. En este artículo se presenta un enfoque para la personalización de las estrategias pedagógicas en Sistemas Tutoriales Inteligentes utilizando reglas de conocimientos pedagógicos en un entorno Web. La adaptación de las estrategias pedagógicas que se hace con base en un modelo pedagógico multinivel. Un Sistemas Tutorial Inteligente llamado FUNPRO fue desarrollado para la validación del modelo pedagógico multinivel. Los resultados de las pruebas empíricas muestran que el modelo pedagógico multinivel permite a FUNPRO mejorar el proceso de personalización de estrategias pedagógicas debido a la reducción de las recomendaciones inapropiadas.

This paper presents an age-friendly system for improving the elderly's online shopping experience. Different from most related studies focusing on website design and content organization, we propose to integrate three assistive techniques to facilitate the elderly's browsing of products in E-commerce platforms, including the crowd-improved speech recognition, the multimodal search, and the personalized speech feedback. The first two techniques, namely, the crowd-improved speech recognition and the multimodal search, work together to allow the elderly search for desired products flexibly using either speech, an image, text, or any combination of them whichever are convenient for the elderly. The personalized speech feedback provides a speech summary of search result in a personalized voice. That is, the elderly are allowed to choose or even create their desired voices, and also can customize the voices in terms of pitch, speaking speed, and loudness. As a whole, the proposed system is expected to help and engage the elderly's E-commerce adoption. Testing on real-world E-commerce product datasets demonstrated the usability of the proposed system.

Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever as principais estratégias de ensino adequadas à didática do ensino superior. Mediante a pesquisa bibliográfica apura-se a presença de catorze estratégias de ensino aplicáveis ao âmbito das universidades: Aula Expositiva, Perguntas e Respostas, Estudo Dirigido, Fichas Didáticas, Método de Solução de Problemas, Método de Projetos, Trabalho em Grupo, Estudo in loco, Jogos, Dramatização, Seminário, Debate, Método da Descoberta e Unidades Didáticas. Ademais, propõe-se a classificação dessas estratégias em três categorias – individuais, coletivas e mistas. Por fim, sugere-se o uso de duas ou mais estratégias de ensino, tendo como base a associação de quatro elementos didáticos: planejamento, organização de conteúdos, estratégias de ensino e avaliação.

Developed by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Nutrition Care Manual serves as an evidence-based, point-of-care tool for students, educators, and professionals. The content covers the most common nutrition issues, professional background information, treatment plans, and patient education information. However, the user interface is confusing with few paths for logical search or navigation and lacks many of the common features users expect from most electronic resources, such as permalinks or mobile viewing. While the content and flexibility meet a previously unfulfilled need in allied health resources, the interface problems hinder maximum utilization of the content quickly. Author’s Note: In September 2013, the Academy announced a series of updates to NCM including easier mobile navigation and content organization that may differ slightly from the body of this review.

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide an effective learning platform with various high-quality educational materials accessible to learners from all over the world. However, current MOOCs lack personalized learning guidance and intelligent assessment for individuals. Though a few recent attempts have been made to trace students' knowledge states by adapting the popular Bayesian Knowledge Tracing (BKT) model, they have largely ignored the rich structures and correlations among knowledge components (KCs) within a course. This paper proposes to model both the hierarchical and the temporal properties of the knowledge states in order to improve the modeling accuracy. Based on the content organization characteristics on the Coursera MOOC platform, we provide a well-defined KC model, and develop Multi-Grained-BKT and Historical-BKT to capture the above features effectively. Experiments on a Coursera course dataset show our approach significantly improves over previous vanilla BKT models on predicting students' quiz performance.

In order to solve the application ability and innovation ability shortage of the mechanical professional university graduates in Building class colleges and universities,the tentative reform innovation has been done in training Objectives, training scheme, content organization under course system,and assessment methods.The results show the above-mentioned methods are feasible by the implementation of inspection in two terms mechanical professional university graduates in our school.It can be the valuable experience and must be further popularize.

Para-professionals in the library services are library associates, library technicians, or library assistants who assist the professional librarians in library-related task. Mining the literature unveiled that studies investigating the required competencies on para-professional are still very limited. To address this gap, this paper reports a study that was conducted with the purpose to identify the required competencies of para-professionals in the library services. Adopting the survey research methodology, data were collected using questionnaires from 502 para-professional librarians working with the Sarawak State Library in Sarawak, Malaysia. The findings suggest that all the seven sets of competencies, namely general competencies; Agency and Organizational Knowledge; Reference and Research; Collection Management; Content Organization and Structure and Library Technology Management are either moderately or highly required by the para-professionals. Based on these findings, the appropriate training needs could be identified.

Chaplains write for varied contexts; however, few are experienced in writing for peer-reviewed research journals. This article outlines the sections contained in a standard research publication. It walks the novice research chaplain through each section addressing content and organization as well as common pitfalls to avoid. These sections are identified as introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion and conclusion. The article also offers insight into the use of references, development of an abstract and the review process for manuscript submissions.

The purpose of this study is to contribute in developing guidebooks that can be used in the courses of needlework study by comparing and analyzing the contents and organizations of needlework-related teaching resources available at the present university and fashion-related educational institutions. This research could help us train technical human resources to be highly adaptable in industrial settings. The results of this study showed that the overall organization of contents is mostly divided into such categories as needlework kits, basic hand sewing, seam finishing, partial needlework and decorative needlework. The study results also indicated that such content organization must be considered in basic needlework/sewing processes and that each content needs to provide more various and detailed information by reflecting recent trends in design. Partial needlework has different applications in terms of interlining attachment, subsidiary materials, or sewing techniques; therefore, consistent descriptions and standard guidelines should be given according to what material is used and which design is planned. This study found that most teaching resources covered only needlework or sewing techniques without giving specific descriptions of types of materials, lining and interlining that can have great influence on sewing methods and instructions on how to use the materials. These findings suggest that the teaching resources need to add further technical instructions for the proper use of materials especially in response to the recent release of brand-new materials and sewing machines in the market.

Just as good grammar, punctuation, style, and content organization are important to well-written documents, basic fundamentals of spreadsheet design are essential to clear communication. In fact, the very principles of good writing should be integrated into spreadsheet workpaper design and organization. The unique contributions of this paper are an integration of a review of the literature on spreadsheet design, with the results of a convenience survey of CPAs, and a “Spreadsheet Design Checklist” for pedagogy. The checklist is intended as a reference for use until the student or professional becomes proficient in basic spreadsheet design and organization and the checklist becomes just as “second nature” as creating well-written memoranda.

First of all, paper is proposed that there are 19 components and 6 evolution characteristics of the online courses, and that those components are classified into course overview information, self learning elements, learning feedback elements, and cooperation& interaction respectively. Then, the three mainstream patterns of online courses in China are analyzed in the Massive Open education context. By comparing and analyzing the characteristic components, learning content organization and course orientation, the 4 construction principle of online courses are proposed, including the modular organization and course development. This paper aims to not only provide the course designers and developers with ideas, but also improve the efficiency of online course design and construction.

The previous chapter described the Japanese eldercare system. This chapter seeks to describe the main features in the Norwegian eldercare system today and in the years ahead, in terms of content, organization, and financing. Both Japan and Norway are rich welfare states, spending large resources on eldercare every year. Even though development is similar in some respects, there are still numerous differences in availability, content, and organization. Cultural differences are another important divide between the two countries. These will in various ways influence both the basic thinking and the practical side of running the welfare state’s care system.

In recent years, hypermedia has been widely adopted in education. However, negative effects have been reported. There is not much “instruction” in existing hypermedia systems. Also, most hypermedia designs are based on the capabilities of technology, not on instructional theories or research Findings. This article explored the principles and theories relevant to the design of effective hypermedia courseware. The micro-design, which concerns the designing of discrete screens, discussed guidelines in five categories: information formats, language usages, highlighting techniques, operating directions, and screen layouts. The macro-design, which addresses the interrelationships of screens, explored the content organization and presentation flow of hypermedia systems. Finally, a courseware template and a real product were constructed to exemplify the designing principles of “instructional” hypermedia systems.

Anonim sirketlerde yonetim ve temsil yetkisi yonetim kurulundadir. Turk Ticaret Kanunu’nda yonetim kurulu ticari temsilci ve ticari vekiller atayabilir, yonetim kurulu uyeleri ve yonetimden sorumlu ucuncu kisiler, sirketin cikarlarinin korunmasindan sorumlu tutulur. Yonetim kurulu devredilemeyen ve vazgecilemeyen yetkileri haric butun yetkilerini devredebilir. Ancak bunun icin bazi sartlar aranmaktadir. Bu sartlar: esas sozlesmede bir hukum olmali, Kanuna uygun olarak ic yonerge hazirlanmali ve onaylanmalidir. Bu calismada, ic yonerge ile yonetim yetkisinin devrini ele alacagiz

The first purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of a tool to measure students' evaluation of online courses. A second purpose was to examine students' evaluations of our online courses. A principal components analysis revealed six underlying factors that appear to have high validity: appropriateness of readings and assignments; technological tools; instructor feedback and communication; course organization; clarity of outcomes and assignments, and content format. Cronbach's alpha of .98 indicated high inter-item reliability. Feedback from students showed an overall satisfaction with online courses, with somewhat lower satisfaction regarding aspects pertaining to instructor feedback and technology. Students rated content organization and formatting of the content more favorably than other aspects of the course.

In this paper, we propose an e-Learning process control model that aims to graphically describe and automatically generate the manifest of sequencing prerequisites in packaging SCORM"s content aggregation models. In specifying the e-Learning activity sequencing, SCORM1 provides the concept of sequencing prerequisites to be manifested on each e-Learning activity of the corresponding tree-structured content organization model. However, the course developer is required to completely understand the SCORM"s complicated sequencing prerequisites and other extensions. So, it is necessary to achieve an efficient way of packaging for the e-Learning content organization models. The e-Learning process control model proposed in this paper ought to be an impeccable solution for this problem. Consequently, this paper aims to realize a new concept of process-driven e-Learning content aggregating approach supporting the e-Learning process control model and to implement its e-Learning process modeling system graphically describing and automatically generating the SCORM"s sequencing prerequisites. Eventually, the proposed model becomes a theoretical basis for implementing a SCORM-based e-Learning process management system satisfying the SCORM"s sequencing prerequisite specifications. We strongly believe that the e-Learning process control model and its modeling system achieve convenient packaging in SCORM"s content organization models and in implementing an e-Learning management system as well.

In this paper, it represents the basic characteristics of virtual reference advisory platform and plone content management system. In addition to how to use plone content management system for virtual reference advisory platform which is as a interactive cross between students and administrators. The content organization and classification, the effective work flow and the users rights are the keys of the virtural platform, meanwhile the using of a third plug-ins can make the platform more perfect. Experiments show that the platform based on plone is easy to use and enhances the efficiency of the library work.

This paper introduces an information architecture scope and application objectives. An overview of how exactly an information architecture methodology guides the information portal content organization is described subsequently. In the end, Tsinghua digital campus information portal content organization is illustrated as a real case in this paper.

We present an architecture for integrating a set of Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques with a wiki platform. This entails support for adding, organizing, and finding content in the wiki. We perform a comprehensive analysis of how NLP techniques can support the user interaction with the wiki, using an intelligent interface to provide suggestions. The architecture is designed to be deployed with any existing wiki platform, especially those used in corporate environments. We implemented a prototype integrating the NLP techniques keyphrase extraction and text segmentation, as well as an improved search engine. The prototype is integrated with two widely used wiki platforms: Media-Wiki and TWiki.

Personalization techniques that combine user characteristics, user behavior, and content organization can be used to help users on finding objectively content on the web. The main contribution of this text is the multidisciplinary study that was conducted integrating different areas on human knowledge in order to find the best way to direct content, including a wide research on personalization concepts and application. This study also presents the development of the Argo software which is formed by a web site, a component that captures and stores information about the user navigation, and three different personalization algorithms. Using navigation data it is possible to generate user profile, which is used to recommend content. Tests were conducted to check efficiency of the personalization algorithms.

A multiscale video content organization scheme is proposed for fast browsing and efficient transmission of video sequences. The scheme leads to construction of a five-layer tree structure. At layer 0 the root-node is located, connected to all nodes of layer 1, each corresponding to a class of shots. Then every class of shot is expanded at layer 2. The nodes of this layer represent shots. At the next resolution level (layer 3) nodes represent key-frames of shots. Finally at layer 4 the full resolution level is reached, where nodes correspond to frames of the sequence. Each node contains a viewing element and we focus on the extraction of these elements for layers 1, 2 and 3. Viewing elements of layers 1 and 3 are optimally extracted by minimizing a cross correlation criterion. Additionally viewing elements of layer 2 are selected according to a correlation measure between the mean vector of a shot and each of the frames within this shot. The resulting tree-structure enables a user to quickly and easily detect content of interest, by selecting the viewing element of his/her liking. Experimental results on real-life video sequences indicate the promising performance of the proposed scheme.

PURPOSE/AIM 1. To review the sonographic criteria of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients. 2. To understand imaging pathologic correlations that the false-negative cases of axillary ultrasonography. CONTENT ORGANIZATION The sonographic criteria, the accuracy of sonographic axillary ultrasonography, imaging pathologic correlations in false-negative cases, measurement of largest malignant focus size in lymph node, classification of ratio of malignant focus size, ratio of micro metastasis. SUMMARY 1. Recently, lymph node evaluation that using serial section and immunohistochemical stains makes it difficult to detect imaging modalities. 2. Ultrasonography is limited how to detect the example of sentinel lymph node biopsy non-indications.

B ased on examples taken from the corpora with five children who used to attend a nursery school at the Universidade de Sao Paulo, this paper aims at presenting and commenting the Labov narrative model, showing that it is not a question of content organization but of different kinds of discourse — which makes a text (or story) worth telling.

This experiment was designed to examine the instruc tional effectiveness and efficiency of organizational chunking and batched postquestions within the frame work of an information-processing approach to learn ing and memory. The coding processes utilized by the content organization employed both encoding and re trieval aids to facilitate the acquisition, retention, and retrieval of the information to be learned. Major find ings indicate that the chunked treatment resulted in a more efficient learning strategy than the conventional treatment; however, the chunked and conventional treatment, as different encoding strategies, did not pro duce significant differences in achievement on the per formance task. Additionally, students receiving the intervening postquestion strategy took significantly less time in completing the performance measure than did those students who received the non-intervening post question treatment.

Genuine concern for bringing together content organization and related experience in unit teaching is widespread. It is apparent that confusions about unit teaching are abundant; but that they are ...