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With the development of digital technology and the popularity of human-centered concepts in museum exhibition design, the user experience of VR (virtual reality)-based museum exhibition (VRME) is gradually being emphasized. There are still many problems that need to be solved in the integration of technology and interaction in today’s VRME design. However, the existing museum exhibition design framework does not combine the characteristics of virtual reality technology to solve the problems unique to VRME in a targeted manner. Based on the traditional user experience framework, this paper summarizes the three levels of user experience (LoUX) in a museum exhibition and proposes the unique “creation level” experience of VRME, which constitutes the closed-loop of the VRME experience. Then, this paper analyzes the relevant researches in recent years through a literature review and summarizes the trends of technology application and the different interaction problems arising from each LoUX. Based on the results of literature analysis, this paper proposes a “rose model” of VRME. This model summarizes the relationship between exhibition technology, sensory types, LoUX, and human-exhibition interaction factors, which has certain guiding significance for VRME design. Finally, this paper discusses the results of the literature review and the interaction design insights brought by the model.

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence raise interest in its participation in design activity, which is commonly considered to be complex and human-dominated. In this work, we aim to examine AI...

Design is an iterative process that aims at problem-solving. While the importance of mental iteration has been identified, there are little research on how to improve mental iteration in design process. In this paper, we propose a method to augment design by AI. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of AI augment on design iteration. The results indicate AI augment could improve the designers’ performance in fluency and stylization.

Design is the imagination and planning of human purposeful innovative practice. It is the forerunner of transforming information, knowledge, technology and creativity into products, technologies, equipment and business services, and determines the quality and value of manufacturing services.

In conditional automated driving (SAE Level 3), drivers are required to take over their vehicles when the automated systems fail. Non-driving related tasks (NDRTs) can positively or negatively affect takeover safety, but the underlying reasons for this inconsistency remain unclear. This study aims to investigate how various workload levels generated by NDRTs may influence the takeover performance of drivers and the lead time they require. Fifty drivers were randomly distributed into five groups, which corresponded to five workload levels (1-4 levels generated by Tetris game; control level generated by monitoring). Each driver completed vehicle takeover tasks upon receiving takeover requests with various lead times (3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 s) while engaging in NDRTs. The drivers’ takeover performance and subjective opinions were recorded. Drivers in the moderate workload condition (i.e., level 3) had significantly shorter takeover times and better takeover quality than those in the lower (i.e., level 1 and level 2) or higher (i.e., level 4) workload conditions. They also subjectively required less lead time in the moderate condition. Moreover, the drivers rated 7 s as the most appropriate lead time despite the improvement in their overall takeover performances with increased lead time. This study found an inverted U-shaped relationship between the drivers’ workload generated by NDRTs and takeover performance. The moderate workload level (rather than the lower or higher workload level) led to a faster and better takeover performance, and it seemed to require minimal lead time for drivers. These findings help understand the relationship of drivers’ workload during the automation and takeover performance in conditional automated driving. An important recommendation emerging from this work is to investigate what should be the most efficient method to detect the drivers’ workload state real-time and give feedback to them when it comes to overload or underload during the automated driving.

Image-to-Image translation was proposed as a general form of many image learning problems. While generative adversarial networks were successfully applied on many image-to-image translations, many models were limited to specific translation tasks and were difficult to satisfy practical needs. In this work, we introduce a One-to-Many conditional generative adversarial network, which could learn from heterogeneous sources of images. This is achieved by training multiple generators against a discriminator in synthesized learning way. This framework supports generative models to generate images in each source, so output images follow corresponding target patterns. Two implementations, hybrid fake and cascading learning, of the synthesized adversarial training scheme are also proposed, and experimented on two benchmark datasets, UTZap50K and MVOD5K, as well as a new high-quality dataset BehTex7K. We consider five challenging image-to-image translation tasks: edges-to-photo, edges-to-similar-photo translation on UTZap50K, cross-view translation on MVOD5K, and grey-to-color, grey-to-Oil-Paint on BehTex7K. We show that both implementations are able to faithfully translate from an image to another image in edges-to-photo, edges-to-similar-photo, grey-to-color, and grey-to-Oil-Paint translation tasks. The quality of output images in cross-view translation need to be further boosted.

This paper was based on digital news text analysis to study the influencing factors of road rage, instead of traditional simulation experiments or questionnaire survey methods. About 167 reports of road rage incident were collected from the website, further being processed into visual charts as well as statistical analysis. Finally came to the conclusion that road rage had a significant relationship with time, area, gender, vehicle characteristics, etc.

Road rage has a series of adverse effects on driving safety, and many accidents caused by road rage occur in China. Thus, understanding the pattern of road rage has great significance to driving safety. In the present study, 33 video news was evaluated subjectively on the severity of road rage and environmental variables, the gender of drivers and the dimension of inducing events were coded according to the video. The results revealed that the road rage was more serious when the number of lanes was lower, and the rage vehicle and offensive vehicle were non-motorized vehicles. There were more cars and fewer non-motor vehicles in road rage during the daytime and fewer angry trucks in the urban areas. On the highway, the vehicles in rage involve more trucks and fewer cars. Moreover, drivers of cars were more likely to do discourteous offensive behavior and drivers of the non-motor vehicles were more likely to do slow-driving behavior. These findings can be applied to the design of intelligent transportation systems and the education of drivers to relieve road rage.

This study focuses on gender differences in the influence of online communication on e-commerce purchase decision strategies. From the literature, we deduce a new theoretical model based on three foundational theories and design a 2 2 mixed factorial experiment to test the influence of online communication in cases with and without online communication. This involves analyzing screen-recording data to check the effect of shopping behavior initiation, and using questionnaire research to test differences in the user experience before and after such communication. Finally, we concluded that the influence of online communication differs between men and women, and the influence is largely positive to both males and females. We build a research model to examine the moderating effect of online communication affects and associated gender differences.We argue for the positive moderating effect of online communication on consumers' e-commerce purchase behavior.Online communication process affected the shopping experience on gender lines, and shopping initiation had a positive effect for both men and women.So in subsequent practical application, we communicate by offering more online, including a means for users to guide and stimulate consumption.

It is increasingly important to account for cognizance of local cultural elements during the product design process. The relationship between traditional cultural elements and customer satisfaction was explored in this study. A Continuous Fuzzy Kano Model was used to analyze the effects of different cultural elements on user satisfaction. And a design practice was carried out to verify the results. Twenty-four cultural product cases were identified and investigated. We developed a scale questionnaire to examine the cases, and identified and categorized the relevant cultural elements. This study identifies the importance for product designers of individual cultural elements, and ascertains which dimension of cultural elements better satisfies user requirements. Relevance to industry This information is very relevant for designers and developers as it helps them to identify important cultural elements and estimate their effects on the user's satisfaction of products.

As a visual thinking tool, sketching strongly supports the conceptual stage of product design. Designers perceive their sketches and discover new ideas. Creative Segment theory models sketching process as a Creative Segment tree, and reveals the Creative Segment-centered pattern of sketching activities. However, the perception of sketches is important during sketching, whether designers' perception is in accord with this theory has not been examined. This article reports an experiment that recorded participants' eye movements to analyze their perception. Participants displayed unique eye movement features during Creative Segments, their fixations changed during the generation of Creative Segments and differed when generating Creative Segments on the three-level branches of the tree. These results provide evidence for the Creative Segment theory.

Sketching is a useful design method in conceptual design, but it is a complicated process. Researchers have focused on sketching process or sketching outcomes, rather than the relation of sketching process to outcomes. How do inspirations in sketching evolve into final outcomes? Finding the relation requires a proper description of the evolving process. We thus propose Creative Segment theory. Creative Segments include inspiration generation, inspiration expression, and visual feedback. The theory describes sketching process as a Creative Segment tree with the design paths as branches. Observational experiments suggested that this theory properly described the sketching process. A user-adaptive computer-aided sketching system that constructs the Creative Segment tree was developed, and its usability was tested.

Sketch is an important creative tool for product design. In the sketching process design thinking and sketch expressing promote each other, involving the interaction between designers actions of brain, hand and eye. The sketching process can be described as a Creative Point graph. This paper proposes a computer-aided design method based on Creative Point to support sketching process. This method recognizes sketching behaviors, and distinguished Creative Points by constructing a Creative Point rule base, and refines the rule base to avoid overfitting. A Creative Point graph is also created to record the design process and support designers sketching. Finally, a computer-aided sketch system prototype CASCP is developed using the method, which proves effective in Creative Point recognition. A sketching case using CASCP is also presented.

It is increasingly important to account for cognizance of cultural symbol during the product design process. The relationship among the paper-cutting cultural symbol's attributes was explored in this study. A ANP approach was used to analyze the effects of different cultural elements on product design. And a design practice was carried out to verify the results. This study identifies the importance of individual cultural symbol's attribute for product designers.

This paper proposes a novel real-time facial feature points tracking method. A 3D geometric face model is used to give a robust tracking which includes offline information that the movement constraints of facial feature points in 3D space. The iterative frame-to-frame tracking method with Gabor wavelet is used to give a high accuracy which is robust to homogeneous illumination changing and affine deformation of the face image. The former tracking method based offline information and the latter tracking method based on online information are integrated with the bundle adjustment method. We compare our method with three other typical methods. The experimental results show that it can be used for robust, real-time and wide-angle facial feature tracking.

Existing design research on culture was summed up at first, and then the culture dimensions which contra pose the Internet products were summarized, and then the user satisfaction model was established. At last, a research example-MSN based on a questionnaire to some Chinese, Japanese and Americans was completed. The research finished the data analysis, found out the relativity of initial evaluation index, and then put forward the common factors, reduced the evaluation variables, and finally it introduced the different results in choosing of IM software and the influence of different culture factors for different evaluation.

Main methods of product innovation were introduced, and the importance of imitative product design innovation for the enterprise's development was put forward. Meanwhile the article analysed the advantages of the imitative product development to the initiative product development and ways for imitative product innovation. It also introduced the situation of China about the imitative innovation development and problems that existed.

The posture prediction is important in ergonomics evaluation system and virtual human animation. The posture choosing phase by human is a non-logical evolutionary approach, so we adapt orthogonal interactive genetic algorithm (OIGA) to calculate the weights of different factors which affect posture choosing. The case analysis of driving posture prediction and the application of the Ergonomics Driving Simulation System proves that OIGA can use a less interactive algebra to reach a higher value. So it is a feasibility and practicability algorithm.

The emulation of the ergonomics design on automobile requires us to combine human models with prediction of body comfort. The comfort prediction model of posture needs to express the real driving instances. Most of the ergonomics systems used posture databases and reverse-movement kinematics in order to adjust a posture. However, it is difficult to describe the body comfort involving human body joints. This paper introduces a research on comfort prediction model, which is based on our experiments from which we have obtained the relations among driving posture, and the body parameters. Using support vector machine (SVM) regression analysis methods, we have derived the functional expression between these parameters, which formed the basis of a prediction model on driving posture. In this approach, a sport-chain model was used to confirm the driving posture, which was captured using motion-capture equipment, with the marking points pasted on the surface of a human body.

In this study, a driving posture prediction method was proposed based on the feeling of driving comfort. At the first, independent variables and dependent variables were selected. Secondly, fuzzy theory was introduced to depict the driver's feeling of comfort, and then a model was built to assess the relation between design parameters and comfort assessment based on fuzzy SVM. At last, the development of a driver posture is taken as an example in this study

During the developing of auto industry, research on driving posture comfort has been the hot pursue in Computer Aided Auto Ergonomics Design (CAAED) realm, and static driving comfort angle is the kernel point of the whole problem. Traditional static comfort assessment only built models from auto driving space to comfort result. To converse it is difficult because the uncertain meaning of "COMFORT". This paper solves the problem by using "Mamdani" fuzzy logic to emulate the comfort assessment. Using this method, we could build fuzzy logic model between design parameters and comfort assessment, and feed the comfort result back to the design phase. Also, we emulate the algorithm in Matlab Fuzzy Toolkit, and develop a Computer Aided Auto Design prototype.

Innovation has become increasingly important to achieving international competitiveness. This paper presents the flow about Internet innovative design, which includes the whole process from requirement to sale: requirement acquisition, group innovation, collaborative design and concurrent design, mass customization and Internet marketing. Internet innovative design is built on open and shared platform, knowledge integration and collaboration, design re-engineering, innovation model as key technologies were put forward. Finally, we discussed development prospect and direction of Internet innovative design. The factor of human being would be more considered despite of advanced technology, knowledge as carrier would be a decisive factor, and distributed collaborative innovation would make design become global design.

The color evaluation of product depends on one's subjective judgment nowadays. The future of the product is usually controlled by personal experience and taste. According to the aesthetic psychology, principles of esthetics were combined with technology of computer graphics. The Style of product's color was recognized based on people's sense of color in visual psychology. Product's color was analyzed according to four principles of esthetics including symmetry and balance, contrast and harmony, diversification and unification, rhythm and cadence. The weight of principles was decided by the style. The model of external quantitative analysis of product's color is built and the result is evaluated by fuzzy arithmetic. The practical experiment proves the validity of this model.