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Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) is superior to blood glucose monitoring (BGM) for adults with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, the utility of C-peptide levels for predicting the magnitude of the glycemic benefits is controversial. Data were from a subset of 147 participants in the MOBILE study (NCT03566693) who were treated with basal-only insulin and who had baseline C-peptide levels ≥0.5 ng/mL. Participants were randomized to treatment with either RT-CGM (n=100) or BGM (n=47). Between-group differences in HbA1c and time in range (TIR) changes were assessed. The between-group difference in HbA1c favored the RT-CGM group (by 0.58 percentage points, P=0.004 at 3 months and by 0.42 percentage points, P=0.04 at 8 months). TIR was 16% higher, and time >180 mg/dL was 16% lower, in the RT-CGM group at 8 months (P=0.002 for each). In T2D managed with basal insulin, RT-CGM benefits occur for those with residual insulin secretory capacity.

Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. Environmental exposures have long been known to impact public health and safety. For example, exposures to airborne particulates, heavy metals in water, or certain industrial chemicals can contribute to aging and to risk of developing cancer and other diseases. Environmental factors can impact health in a variety of ways, but a key concern is DNA damage, which can lead to mutations that cause cancer. Cancer can take years to develop following chemical exposure; however, one way to predict carcinogenicity in a more practical time frame is by studying the chemical's ability to induce DNA damage. The comet assay (or single-cell gel electrophoresis assay) has been used successfully for genotoxicity testing. The comet assay allows for the detection of DNA strand breaks via analysis of DNA migration during electrophoresis. Previously, the Engelward laboratory, in collaboration with the Bhatia laboratory, developed the CometChip for measurements of DNA damage and repair. The CometChip is a high-throughput comet assay that improves user reproducibility and significantly shortens total assay time. Here, we describe how the high-throughput CometChip platform can be used to measure DNA damage in established cell lines, animal models, and human samples. We also discuss technical challenges associated with these studies and provide recommendations on how to achieve optimal results for researchers interested in adopting this assay.