Search

Objective Depression and resilience are different psychological outcomes caused by experiencing traumatic events. We aimed to 1) explore heterogeneity patterns of co-occurrence between depression symptoms and resilience among children and adolescents exposed to an earthquake and 2) assess covariates (trauma exposure, sex, age, ethnicity, and sleep quality) in identifying the best fitting solution. Methods Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to examine patterns of self-reported depression and resilience in an epidemiological sample of 2,887 Chinese youth survivors 1 year after the Lushan earthquake. Results A suitable 3-class model were identified, which are mild depression/high resilience (65.0%), severe depression/high resilience (22.1%), and severe depression/low resilience (12.9%). Trauma exposure, demographic characteristics and sleep state can be used to identify the different latent classes. Conclusion Our results contribute to understanding the heterogeneous coexisting patterns of depression and resilience and provide suggestions for identifying high-risk youth survivors and offering effective interventions.

Graves’ disease (GD) is becoming more and more prominent among the young generation of China. This disease often causes psychiatric symptoms, but there are a few studies in this field. The aim of this article is to find out the risk factors for depression in Chinese youth population with untreated GD.

Conducting studies on the image of a country and the preferences of tourists contribute to developing plans and programs for the benefit of a tourist destination. The current research constitutes a...

Objective: Evidence of the risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal neoplasm from prospective population-based studies is limited. Our study aims to investigate the risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal neoplasm in Chinese youth using data from a prospective screening cohort. Methods: We enrolled 17,293 participants younger than 50 years from Shanghai colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program cohort. Face-to-face interviews were performed by trained primary care physicians using standardized questionnaires to collect information of potential risk factors at baseline entry. Multi-variable logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate risk factors associated with early-onset colorectal neoplasm. Results: 124 cases of early-onset colorectal neoplasm including six CRC cases and 118 colorectal adenomas (CRA) cases were detected between 2012 and 2016. We found that sex, body mass index (BMI), and family history of CRC were associated with early-onset of colorectal neoplasm. RCS model showed a positive dose-response and linear association between the level of BMI and the early-onset colorectal neoplasm risk among the young participants (P-overall = 0.19, P-non-linear = 0.97). Conclusion: The findings indicate that it is beneficial for average people to start opportunistic CRC screening younger than 50 years. As for those at high risk, increased surveillances are strongly recommended. Further close follow-up is required for research on the underlying causes of early-onset CRC.

Highlights • The proportion of school-aged children and adolescents in China who engage in recommended levels of physical activity (PA), in or outside of school time, has been declining for decades. • Current PA promotion policies for Chinese schools are primarily “stand-alone” approaches and their efficacy appears limited. • Re-evaluating the problem from a comprehensive social-ecological perspective within a public health model offers greater potential for developing effective and culturally appropriate interventions to increase PA among Chinese youth. • If the goals of Healthy China 2030, including the prevention of the early onset of chronic diseases among Chinese children and adolescents, are to be met by reversing the trend of declining PA, careful consideration of this new paradigm is imperative.

In recent years, higher education in China has experienced drastic transformations along with the expansion of university enrolments and the ongoing privatisation of the job market. Student...

Chinese people are currently the second largest visible minority group living in Canada; however, little is known about the sexual practices of Chinese youth living in Canada. Using a case ...

The growing dynamics of cooperation between Russia and China in various spheres of economic activity generate the need for training bilingual specialists. Russia has a significant educational potential, which includes a wide range of specialties and professions, it is an attractive country of study for students from China. The article based on in-depth interviews and analysis of statistical data, is aimed at identifying some of problematic issues regarding education of Chinese students in Russia. The research interest is focused on determining the educational and everyday needs of Chinese students, the motivational grounds for choosing a country of study, the prospects for internalization in the labor market and self-realization after qualification. The main factors that motivate the Chinese youth to receive education in Russia are: the attractiveness of the Russian language and culture, and the financial accessibility of Russian education. The results of the research allow also to conclude that the educational potential of Russia in relation to Chinese students in comparison with the countries of North America and Western Europe is realized insufficiently. The authors identified main reasons for such situation: the vague prospects for Chinese graduates of Russian universities in the labor market and the active policy of the Chinese government to return home students who received education abroad.

Physical education (PE) in school provides opportunities for physical activity (PA) engagement and reportedly results in improved health-related fitness. This study explored the underlying correlations between PE and activity-related healthy lifestyle practices with current level of cardiorespiratory fitness.A total of 13,138 students age 14 (boys = 7,094, 54.0%) in Grade 8 from the China National Assessment of Educational Quality - Physical EducationHealth 2015 were included in this study. Two independent structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses were conducted to obtained sex-specific results. Data included the results of the 15-m progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) and questionnaire data regarding PE curriculum implementation, learning and practice, perceived support from PE teachers, PE facilities, PE equipment, activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, habitual physical fitness, appropriate method of physical fitness, and breakfast eating habits. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the associations between variables, controlling for socioeconomic status, the location of schools, and Body Mass Index.There was a statistically significant relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, which was somewhat positively impacted by skill learning and practice and perceived support from PE teachers. Together, the boy's model explained 21.8% of the variance in cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas the girl's model explained 15.9%.A well-organized PE program is related to students' activity-related healthy lifestyle practices, and consequently provides an improvement to cardiorespiratory fitness.

This study on Alipay’s social credit system, Sesame Credit, examines the governmental practices that have evolved in the platform economy. Credit has grown exponentially in importance in post-socia...

Background: Binge drinking and smoking among adolescents are serious public concerns. However, very few studies have explored the reinforcement of bullying victimization by such behavior. Our study aimed at examining the individual and combined associations of smoking and bullying victimization with binge drinking among adolescents in Beijing, China.Methods: A total of 33,694 students aged 13–17 years old in Beijing, China were anonymously investigated via the cross-sectional Chinese Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey from April to May 2014. A three-stage stratified sampling was used to select participants. Factors such as sociodemographic variables and indicators of smoking, bullying victimization, and binge drinking were analyzed with multiple logistic regressions, and joint and additive interaction effects were tested.Results: Overall, ever-drinking prevalence was 59.1% (boys: 64.4%; girls: 53.7%). Past 30-day binge drinking was 11.5% (boys: 15.6%; girls: 7.4%) and frequent binge drinking was 2.3% (boys: 3.3%; girls: 1.0%). Past 30-day smoking was 10.7% (boys: 16.4%; girls: 5.0%) and past 30-day bullying victimization was 48.7% (boys: 57.3%; girls: 40.1%). The combined effects of smoking and bullying victimization on occasional binge drinking (OR = 6.49, 95% CI = 5.60–7.52) and frequent binge drinking (OR = 10.32, 95% CI = 7.52–14.14) were significant, and the additive interaction effect was significant for current smoking and bullying victimization on frequent binge drinking (OR = 10.22, 95% CI = 9.43–11.07). The additive interaction effect for current smoking and bullying victimization on frequent binge drinking was significant among boys.Conclusion: Bullying victimization reinforced the association of smoking with frequent binge drinking, especially with findings specific to boys. Programs to prevent smoking or bullying or both may reduce binge drinking among adolescents in China.

Youth social participation is the conscious participation and behavioral participation of youth as a social subject in social politics, economy, culture and other aspects. With the continuous development of the field of public media, for Chinese youth, the rapidly changing society has brought strong political will and social behavior among young people. The exertion of youth's subjective initiative shortens the distance between youth and other social factors and national governance practices. Based on the expression of youth political demands in the field of public media, find the limitations of contemporary youth's political demands expression and participation, and finally explore a suitable way for youth development. The fast-growing society proposes how to cultivate young people who will be responsible for future revival." Contemporary examination questions".

Based on social cognitive theory, we studied the relationship between coaches’ paternalistic leadership (PL) and youth athletes’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the mediation effect of athletes’ trust in coaches, in China. This age-specific research was conducted among more than 2,000 Chinese youth soccer players. Overall, 758 youth soccer players, aged 13–18 years, completed a self-report questionnaire. The results showed that the three dimensions of the coaches’ PL have different relationships with OCB, and the differences were due to differences in athletes’ ages. Additionally, we verified the mediation role of trust. Our research conclusions are of great significance to the study of Chinese youth soccer as in-depth research can provide a deeper and more precise understanding of the relationship between PL and the OCB of Chinese youth soccer players. This study expands the literature on social cognitive theory and sheds light on the relationship between coach leadership and athlete OCB by providing extensive evidence.

Personal tutorials are an essential feature of student support in British universities, therefore they are duplicated on British overseas campuses. It appears that Chinese students are reluctant to seek help when they experience personal difficulties that affect their engagement with learning and their academic performance. Limited literature explores this phenomenon with relevant studies only focusing on Chinese students’ experiences abroad. Furthermore, these studies mainly refer to cultural factors related to traditional Confucianism to explain why these students do not engage with support structures.\ud Drawing on the theory of Emerging Adulthood, this paper analyses the experiences of students on a Chinese branch campus of a British university. A mixed methods research approach was considered the most appropriate means of engaging with the participants; a quantitative study was used in an exploratory fashion to provide unbiased insight into student opinion and experience, and a qualitative content analysis was used to analyse participants’ comments in the open field questions.\ud The findings reveal an alternative portrayal of the “Chinese Personal Tutee”, distant from the traditional Confucian model still predominantly used as an analytical tool in research on Chinese youth. Chinese students on an international campus strategically select their sources of help and prefer to build symmetrical relationships with personal tutors based on personal goals rather than asymmetrical relationships based on ‘care’ provided by adults. Consequently, ‘transnational’ personal tutorial systems pursuing Chinese students’ successful engagement ought to be conceptualised by considering their emerging adulthoods and by respecting their sense of agency.

In recent years, STEM education has set off a boom around the world, and many countries have adopted policies and measures to encourage the development of STEM education. In China, many adolescents show their scientific and technological innovations by participating in CASTIC. CASTIC is the most influential science and technology competition in China. It is also an important way to cultivate innovative talents. This paper takes CASTIC in line with the philosophy of STEM education as a research object, systematically discusses the relationship between STEM education and CASTIC, and explores the development of Chinese youth STEM education by analyzing the subject distribution and regional distribution of CASTIC award-winning entries in the past five years, which will provide a new experience for STEM education research.

BACKGROUND BMI and waist circumference (WC) have commonly been used to identify obesity in practice. The aim of the present study was to assess the blood pressure (BP) status among Chinese college students categorized by BMI and WC. METHODS A total of 4226 college students (2107 males and 2119 females) aged 19-22 years included in the study. The WHO BMI cutoffs were used to define underweight, normal weight and overweight. The WC cutoffs (90 cm for man and 80 cm for woman) were used to define central obesity. High BP was defined as SBP/DBP ≥140/90 mmHg. The BP status of subjects within each category across BMI and WC were assessed. RESULTS When subjects were categorized by BMI, overweight males and females had a higher prevalence of high BP than their nonoverweight counterparts. When WC was used to diagnose central obesity, subjects with central obesity had a higher prevalence of high BP than those with normal WC. A positive association between BMI, WC and BP was also observed even in normal-weight subjects, with 'high normal BMI' subgroup (BMI = 23.7-24.9) had a higher BP level and prevalence of high BP than 'low normal BMI' subgroups (BMI = 18.5-19.7 and BMI = 19.8-21.0, P

Although the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Chinese youth with higher socioeconomic status (SES) has been increasing, few studies have explored the mechanisms through which SES influenc...

Objective The aims of the current study were to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity by four different references and to explore the characteristics of adolescent overweight and obesity in Chinese secondary school students aged 12–18 years. Study design A cross-sectional study was conducted in this study. Methods Using stratified random cluster sampling, 8999 secondary school students were enrolled. The references developed by Must and Dallal and Dietz, the Childhood Obesity Working Group of the International Obesity Task Force, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the Group of China Obesity Task Force (GCOTF reference) were used to identify overweight and obese students. Results The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity vary substantially based on the four references. The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity based on GCOTF reference are 8.4% and 4.1%, respectively, which is significantly lower than the prevalence of overweight and obesity in their peers in 2000 (χ2 = 24.03, P Conclusion The GCOTF reference is more suitable for screening overweight and obesity in Chinese adolescents. The current prevalence rates of adolescent overweight and obesity decreased, and girls made a tremendous contribution to this decreasing trend. Singletons and adolescents in lower school community ladder of subjective socio-economic status may be at higher risk of getting overweight and obesity. More effective strategies with full consideration to the characteristics above should be developed to control and prevent adolescent overweight and obesity.

Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are two common ways to measure obesity. There is a debate, however, about which of these two measures are more closely associated with elevated blood pressure (BP). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of obesity and whether BMI and WC is better associated with elevated BP in children and adolescents. A representative sample of 8613 Chinese youth aged 7-17 years from seven cities in Northeastern China was selected and measurements of height, weight, WC, BP were taken from 2012 to 2013. The average age of the children was 11.3±2.3years. The prevalence of overweight/obese and abdominal obesity in the subjects was 35% and 44.8%, respectively. We found that both BMI and WC were significantly associated with elevated BP. An increase of 1kgm-2 in BMI was associated with a 1.10 (1.08-1.12, 95% CI) increased risk of an elevated BP diagnosis in boys, and a 1.14 (1.11-1.16, 95% CI) increased risk in girls. Meanwhile, a 1cm increase in WC correlated with a 1.03 (1.02-1.04, 95% CI) and a 1.05 (1.04-1.06, 95% CI) increased risk of higher BP in boys and girls, respectively. Compared to the normal-weight youth, subjects with elevated BMI (BMI>85th) had higher risk of elevated BP (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 2.13-2.75) than that of in elevated WC participants (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.77-2.27). Therefore, BMI may associate better with elevated BP than WC in Chinese youth in our Seven Northeastern Cities study.

Limited research has explored longitudinal impact of stress on negative health outcomes, including overweight and obesity in Asian societies. Using data from a longitudinal school-based health promotion study conducted in Wuhan, China from 1999 to 2004, this study investigated the longitudinal effects of childhood stress exposure, including stressors related to school, family, peers, violence and health on overweight, and obesity risk during the transition to adolescence among 2179 Chinese adolescents. Results showed that health stressors were consistently related to higher BMI Z score for both boys and girls baseline, it also predicted higher likelihood of overweight status over time for girls. This finding highlights a particularly challenging time period for girls, suggesting a particular challenging time they face at the intersection of puberty and demanding school environment.

The use of emoticons, particularly on smart mobile devices, has become increasingly popular among young people in recent years. The emoticon is not just a form of information transmission; it also represents a new way of life and a new trend among young people. The aim of this study was to understand the role of emoticons in the daily lives of Chinese young people, investigate how mediated communication has been improved by smart mobile devices and discover users’ preferred types of emoticon. First, a review of the literature on emoticons was conducted to explore the relationship between the evolution of the emoticon and young people’s everyday lives. Next, in-depth interviews were conducted, which yielded novel findings regarding emoticon use. Finally, a questionnaire was used to obtain data on emoticon use for statistical analysis. The findings revealed four key dimensions of emoticon use that were relevant to the research questions: accuracy, sociability, efficiency and enjoyment. These four dimensions help us to better understand the development of emoticons and their influence on the lifestyles of young people. The findings are expected to provide inspiration and suggest directions for improving the design of smart communication.

Background Chinese youth have become more sexually active over the years, yet their behaviours of contraceptive use are influenced by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. This study aimed to investigate the socioeconomic and lifestyle determinants of contraceptive use among Chinese college students, and to investigate quantitatively their reasons for choosing different contraceptive methods. Methods The study used the data from a cross-sectional survey, which was conducted in 2015 among 17,517 students from 130 colleges and professional schools in mainland China. Chi-square tests were performed to test the differences in the awareness and uses of contraceptives between male and female students. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and contraceptive uses. Results Condoms (95%), oral contraceptives (91%) and emergency contraceptives (71%) were the most commonly known contraceptive methods among the sample of Chinese youth that were surveyed. Among male participants, high monthly expenditure (OR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.07–1.75), light alcohol consumption (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.03–2.11), and high sexual knowledge (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.57–2.45) were positively associated with contraceptive uses, while tobacco use (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.23–0.95) showed a negative association with contraceptive uses. Among female students, suburban residency (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.03–1.83), high level of parental education (OR = 1.96, 95%CI: 1.19–3.22), moderate alcohol consumption (OR = 2.66, 95%CI: 1.05–6.77), and high sexual knowledge (OR = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.18–1.91) were positively associated with contraceptive uses, while tobacco use (OR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.36–0.99) showed a negative association. Conclusions A series of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors were associated with contraceptive choices among Chinese college students. Targeted sexual education programs are in demand to improve the awareness and the use of contraceptives in this population.

This proposal expresses a standpoint concerning a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion. The phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens has disadvantages. By analyzing it, a clear status of Chinese youth netizens' problems on the poor sense of copyright will be shown. At the same time, when we consider a discussion for the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens and the suggestion, we must address several main reasons that contribute to problem. These include cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system. It is valuable for the originators feel free to create better works. Meanwhile, those factors are essential for Chinese youth netizens to consider the way to be cultivated the right spending habits. Only by analyzing all these factors together and then using these results to apply to intensity notional cultural competitiveness and form an innovative market. This paper is organized as follows: The first part will outline the poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens' case studies and analyze. The second part is an introduction of the problems of the phenomenon of a poor sense of copyright in Chinese youth netizens. The reasons causing the problems are analyzed in part three. Some proposals to overcome copyright problem will be advocated in last part. This study found that enhancing copyright awareness is a very complex task for Chinese youth netizens. Cultural tradition restriction, incomprehensive market system, inappropriate price incentive, imperfective legal institutions and indifference education system are all factors which bring difficulties to promote copyright awareness in Chinese youth netizens. Combined those factors with four problems of the phenomenon in China, I offer appropriate suggestions to overcome problems and help youth netizens acquire the knowledge of copyright.

Head-mounted EEG products are wearable devices that detect the voltage fluctuations generated by the ionic currents of neurons in the brain, which is caused by the changes in people’s brain states. As EEG products collect the physiological signals of the brain from the head directly, the better an EEG headset fits a wearer’s head, the more accurate the EEG signals obtained are. At present, most of EEG headsets are designed for European and American users. There are few EEG headsets that are suitable for Chinese user. In addition, there is no specific study on measuring the head size of Chinese people for the purpose of designing an EEG headset. This study is aimed at collecting the size information of the head of Chinese users. The results become important reference while designing EEG headsets.

Attenuated psychosis syndromes (APS) is defined as a high-risk state with an increased probability of developing a frank psychosis. It is crucial to investigate psychosis risk states in Chinese youth, including APS, in order to better understand characteristic features like psychotic-spectrum symptoms and the complexity of an individual’s real-life experience. In 2012, the “Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP)” program was launched at the Shanghai Mental Health Center (SMHC), the largest outpatient mental health clinic in China. Here, we present both epidemiological data from this program and offer an APS case to illustrate the complexity and some common features of APS in China.

This article explores how graduates of a junior high school in Dalian City, Liaoning Province, China, chose their high school and college major subject of study and the extent to which their majors fit with their work trajectories. We found that most interviewees considered the likelihood of a major and degree leading to better job opportunities more important than how the major fit with their personal interests. However, the unpredictability of the market economy in China made it difficult to anticipate which majors would lead to more lucrative jobs, and many eventually found work that did not match their majors.

Understanding cultural values is vital in tourism as these influence an individual’s travel experiences and expectations. Students represent an important segment of the international tourist population, and Chinese student tourists are an increasingly significant part of that segment. It is therefore important to understand how cultural values influence Chinese students’ experiences and aspirations. Will their past travel experiences influence future aspirations? Using data collected from a free-elicitation method, this paper reports on the travel experiences and aspirations of 284 Chinese students. It explores the notional link between past experiences and future aspirations and discusses the impact of Chinese political history and cultural values on tourist experiences and motivations. Implications for marketing are drawn out.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between low-grade inflammation (LI) and increased arterial stiffness in Chinese youth and adolescents with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Ninety-eight subjects aged 10 to 24 years with newly-diagnosed T2DM were investigated for findings of general inflammation. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Data related to arterial stiffness [brachial artery distensibility (Branch D), augmentation index (AIx), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV)] were collected. The subjects were divided into a non-LI group (NLI, n=42) and a LI group (n=56) according to their high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) levels. Results: There were no significant differences in age and gender between the LI group and the NLI group. CF-PWV and AIx values of the LI group were higher than those of the NLI group (p

Objective Regular physical activity in children has many benefits，including reducing the occurrence of obesity and lower levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors, promote bone mass deposition, improve health. Our research in order to using accelerometer survey children daily PA status in our country, and analyzes its characteristic. Methods Our research assessed the PA of the same group of children in Beijing yuxin Primary school for three consecutive years using ActiGraph accelerometers. The total available valid data are 183 children (male 94, female 89). Results (1)The average total PA is 627.2±134.5 counts/min（boy accrued 665.6 ± 139.1 counts/min and girl 579.8 ± 112.2 counts/min ）, among them boy accrued 59.0min/d and girl 48.1min/d of MVPA. 35% of participants could meet the WHO PA guideline (boys =49%, girls = 18%). (2) MVPA increased significantly from 8 to 9 years of age（MVPA of 8year-old children:53.2min/d,9year-old children:56.1min/d）and MVPA decline slightly from 9 to 10 (10 year-old children:55.8min/d).And both boys and girls meet this regular. (3) Both in weekdays and weekend, the MVPA time of boys (60.2min/d,57.8min/d) are outstandingly higher than girls ( 49.7min/d ,46.5min/d). (4) TWO-way (gender *BMI category) ANOVA revealed that girls were less active than boys. (5) The moderate and vigorous physical activity time of obese children in weekends are 42.3 min/d while those of normal children are 49.7 min/d, (p

With the spread of Information communications technology\ud (ICT) in China, the tourism industry has come to recognize the importance of examining the factors that influence adoption of smartphones during leisure-based tourism among Chinese youth, a vital segment in what the world’s greatest domestic, inbound, and outbound 10 tourism market will be by 2020. Using data collected from undergraduate students at a university in China, this study, based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of reasoned action (TRA), found that an extended model can predict travelers' intentions. A detailed profile of Chinese youth and their smartphone usage is provided, and the managerial implications of increased adoption of Internet-capable smart- 15 phones during leisure-based tourism are also explored.

Approximately 513 million Chinese citizens used the Internet in 2011, with adolescents reporting comparatively high levels of use. Although numerous studies (reviewed herein) indicate that Internet Addiction/Pathological Internet Use (IA/PIU) is endemic among Chinese youth and trending upward, no prior review has examined family correlates of IA/PIU in Chinese youth. Thus, our principal aim was to evaluate methodological features and substantive findings of all studies examining family correlates of IA/PIU in Chinese youth. Internet, demographic, psychosocial, and psychiatric/behavioral correlates of IA/PIU, and prevalence estimates for adolescent IA/PIU, were also examined using the large set of studies evaluated in association with our principal aim. Comprehensive bibliographic searches identified 42 pertinent investigations. Youth with IA/PIU reported greater global dissatisfaction with their families; less organized, cohesive and adaptable families; greater inter-parental and parent-child conflict; and perceived their parents as more punitive, and less supportive, warm, and involved compared to non-IA youth. IA/PIU youth were significantly more likely to have divorced parents, live with a single parent, and be an only child than non-IA/PIU youth. IA/PIU is prevalent among Chinese youth and associated with diverse family, psychosocial and psychiatric/behavioral impairments, but rarely is the focus of prevention and treatment interventions.

Objective - This study considers Chinese youth cinema as a historical object that represents the gamut of social practices and styles of production. Methodology/Technique - The authors examine the historical development of young people for tracing how different social and historical contexts interpret the Chinese young people's world. Findings - The youth films produced in the major Chinese regions—Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong—illustrate how much social practices dominated the film content and style. For instance, youth genre in Hong Kong, once prevalent in the Cantonese cinema of the mid and late 1960s, blended musical and melodrama by dormant with the rise of martial art films. Novelty - This study attempts to elaborate some films featuring young people in Mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong, and to review the histories of youth cinema in these Chinese regions. The Chinese youth film outlines how, in Chinese communities, the category of youth historically functions as a significant site of ideological inscription that displays its struggles towards an idealized future. Type of Paper: Review Keywords : Chinese cinema; Film history; Hong Kong; Mainland China; Taiwan; Youth genre

With the development of Internet technology, ordinary young people in China have increasingly participated in the kinds of performance that were previously dominated by professionalartists and even propaganda departments. After reviewing Western scholars’ research on youth subculture, the author attempts to combine generational and structural explanations into an analytical framework in explaining the Chinese youth performances on the Internet as a result of the generation gap and the polarisation of rich and poor in Chinese society. By examining the dubbing performance titled ‘Gao Le Ge Kao’ [高了个考, Having the National Examinations], which satirises the policy of China’s national college entrance examination, the author draws the conclusion that youth performances on the Chinese Internet mainly reflect a form of implicit resistance for individual interests rather than toward the political system in China.

Tracing the rise and demise of Goethe’s Werther as an icon of the New Culture Movement, Hoefle for the first time analyzes the Chinese “Werther fever” of the 1920s through the lens of gender. She argues that Werther’s uncontrolled emotionality dangerously trespassed both traditional Chinese concepts of masculinity, wen (cultural attainment) and wu (martial valor), and thus represented a liberating counter-image that needed to be contained. First replaced by female Werther figures, Chinese writers of the 1930s harshly parodied the sentimental man. Re-reading two of the most influential modern Chinese novels, Mao Dun’s Midnight (Ziye) and Ba Jin’s Family (Jia), Hoefle concludes that their repression of Werther’s masculinity sheds light on a more complex and even paradox process of negotiating gender roles at a historical crossroads.

The study explores and compares the influence of perceived online shopping benefits namely convenience, pricing, and wider selection towards online satisfaction between China and Ghana. It also seeks to explore the factors that motivate individuals to shop online. Further, the problem(s) faced by both countries in shopping online is examined. Descriptive analysis, correlation, Anova and regression analysis were used in assessing and comparing consumers’ online experience. It was found that there is a high prevalent rate (97.5%) of online apparel shopping among Chinese and Ghanaian respondents where the prevalent rate of patronizing online apparel was relatively higher among Chinese youth than the Ghanaian. Convenience, internet usage proficiency and easy access to internet were the main factors that facilitates online apparel shopping among the respondents. Level of income makes the difference in rate online apparel patronization between Chinese and the Ghanaian. On the contrary, level of income, Trust, and Privacy and confidentiality of personal information were found as challenges discourages Ghanaians online apparel consumers likewise Chinese consumers.

The children of Chinese immigrants in the U.S. have been held up as exemplars for their academic prowess and their high levels of educational attainment. Although recent U.S.-based studies have attempted to debunk the model minority hypothesis, showing that the actual educational trajectories of Chinese youths vary tremendously by family SES, in terms of group-level outcomes, the Chinese still fare better than other ethno-national groups net of SES characteristics (e.g. Kasinitz et al. 2008; Kao 1995; Louie 2004; Portes and Rumbaut 2001). Regardless of actual educational outcomes, the ambition for higher education among Chinese immigrant parents, which are subsequently transmitted to the youths themselves, appear to remain strong. In this way, researchers have commented on how the Chinese represent an ?exceptional? case: even among children whose parents have minimal education (i.e. less than a high school diploma), the pressure to excel at school is nearly universal. Whether or not they actually do well in school and make good grades, they are expected to graduate from high school and to enter some form of post-secondary institution, even if it is not a prestigious four-year university. By comparison, their counterparts from other national origin groups, who come from families of comparable or even higher SES backgrounds, tend not to be as academically-fixated in their future life plans.

Little is known on the extent of weight misperception and its relation with dietary intake among Chinese youth.The study aimed to investigate extent and correlates of weight misperception and its relation with dietary intake among Chinese youth.Data pertaining to Chinese youth, 6-17 years of age, from the 2004-2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (N = 3,923) were analyzed using STATA version 12.1. The heights and weights of the participants were measured by well-trained health workers at the participants' homes or a local clinic following the reference protocol recommended by the World Health Organization. The dietary intake data of the participants were collected on three consecutive days at both the household and individual levels.Of the children 6-11 years of age, 18.9% were underweight and 15.3% were overweight. Among the children 12-17 years of age, 18.3% were underweight and 8.1% were overweight. Less than 60 % of Chinese youth accurately estimated their weight status. Nutrition knowledge was positively related to a perception of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.98, p = .007) among children 12-17 years of age. A perception of being overweight was positively associated with fat and protein intake among children 6-11 years of age (p .05).A discrepancy exists between the actual and perceived weight status of Chinese youth. Efforts are needed in China to promote accurate weight perception, healthy weight, and eating behaviors.

Prior studies have demonstrated that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is commonly used among Chinese, but few researches mentioned the underlying factors of TCM usage intention, especially among young generation. Using Technology Acceptance Model, this paper explored the factors why people made the decision to use TCM. Results based on a sample of 213 undergraduate students indicated that, perceived usefulness of TCM and subjective norms (social influence) significantly predict attitudes (trust towards TCM), and trust explained whether people would choose TCM, while perceived ease of use (conceptualized as patient-doctor relationship) exerted no effect on trust and behavior intention (BI). Besides, individuals with long-term orientation were likely to consider TCM as an effective way for health treatment and had more interests in TCM. Although female could be more easily influenced by social affairs, they did not have a higher preference of TCM. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Background: To assess the effect of an information leaflet on the level of Chinese youth`s knowledge about hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common type of primary liver cancer (PLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 500 students, from two universities in the Chaoshan area of China, were randomly divided into an intervention group of 280 participants and a control group of 220. Baseline knowledge of HCC and hepatitis B was evaluated by questionnaire interview. Subsequently, only the intervention group was given an information leaflet of HCC and hepatitis B. Three months later, the two groups were contacted for a second interview. Changes in knowledge from baseline of HCC and hepatitis B were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in mean PRE-questionnaire scores between the intervention and control groups. However, the mean POST-questionnaire score was significantly higher in the intervention group after the intervention. The leaflet had the greatest effect on the participants` questionnaire score, and raised their level of knowledge about HCC and hepatitis B. Conclusions: The information leaflet intervention is significantly effective in improving the knowledge of HCC and hepatitis B among the youth.

As the world continues to be wired up electronically and as people continue to move their daily lives online, electronic media become more and more prominent in China. This chapter presents the latest statistics about the media use by Chinese young people, describes the unprecedented growth trends of media useage, and outlines the reasons why young people in China are so enthusiastic about new gadgets and embrace activities on the Internet, as well as some potential impact of their media use. Results of the study indicate immediate needs for enhanced media literacy education in China, which will enable Chinese young people to become mature users of new media and will help avoid the issues that media use may bring.

PurposeThe luxury market in China has grown significantly in recent years. One unique characteristic of luxury consumers in China is their youth. While exploratory in nature, this study aims to identify and offer a meaningful understanding of different segments of young luxury consumers in China.Design/methodology/approachThe data were obtained from personal interviews with 28 respondents between 20 and 25 years of age who were recruited via a mall‐interception method in three different high‐end department stores in Shanghai, China.FindingsBased on key values, motivations, and behavior patterns toward luxury consumption, the authors identify four distinct segments of young luxury consumers: the overseas pack; the self‐established cool; the luxury followers; and the spirituals.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is based on a small sample consisting of 28 individuals.Practical implicationsWhile Chinese youth may share some traits as a collective group, they also have diverse reasons and patterns for luxury consumption. The authors identify at least four distinct segments whose values, motivations and behavior toward luxury are different from one another. Companies must consider the differences that exist within this generation to effectively approach this market.Originality/valueWhile exploratory, the current study is the first to identify segments in luxury consumers among young generations in China.

While many of the theoretical frameworks for volunteering have been developed and empirically tested in the west, our understanding of volunteering in non-Western countries, such as China, is relatively limited. Nevertheless, in recent decades enormous efforts have been made by the Chinese government to encourage and support volunteering among its citizens, especially youth. Chinese youth are volunteering in greater numbers in response to these initiatives. Given the strongly state-led nature of volunteering in China, as opposed to the voluntary, more citizen-initiated nature of volunteering in Western societies, this paper seeks to understand the impact of these contextual differences on student volunteering. Using data from 1892 questionnaires completed by university students in China and Canada, we examine differences in their volunteering. The findings show clearly the impact of the differences in socio-political structures that are reflected in the nature of students’ volunteer participation and perceived benefits.

This article explores why apparent political indifference coincides with nationalist passion in Chinese cyberspace. Drawing on interviews with university students and the notion of ‘new politics’, this article argues that online nationalism constitutes an important extension of the political being in the Chinese context, or a form of ‘new politics’ among contemporary youth in certain societies. The ‘dual’ political identity emerging from Chinese youth’s uses of the internet is reflective of, and reinforces, their offline self. Both their apparent lack of interest in engaging with the government and their strong nationalism are products of the same changing subjectivities in post-Mao China.