45 results on '"Chih-Yu Chang"'
Search Results
2. Tobacco Smoking and Association between Betel Nut Chewing and Metabolic Abnormalities Among Military Males: The CHIEF Study
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Fang-Ying Su, Gen-Min Lin, Chih-Yu Chang, Chih-Lu Han, Yen-Po Lin, and Kun-Zhe Tsai
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Adult ,Male ,Nut ,Adolescent ,Alcohol Drinking ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Taiwan ,Physiology ,Alcohol ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tobacco Smoking ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,education ,Areca ,Triglycerides ,Metabolic Syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Confounding ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Betel ,biology.organism_classification ,Confidence interval ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Military Personnel ,chemistry ,Mastication ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
Aim:: To investigate the effect of smoking and alcohol intake on the association between betel nut chewing and each metabolic abnormality. Background:: Betel nut chewing has been associated with metabolic syndrome. Objective:: Whether the association is affected by tobacco or alcohol use is not clarified so far. Methods:: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study using 6,657 military males, aged 18-50 years in eastern Taiwan in 2013-2014. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation’s ethnic criteria for Asians. The population was classified as non-betel nut chewers (N =5,749), current chewers with both tobacco and alcohol use (N =615), and current chewers without tobacco and/or alcohol use (N =293). Multiple logistic regression analyses were stepwise adjusted for the confounders including alcohol and tobacco use to determine the association of betel chewing with the metabolic abnormalities. Results:: As compared to the non-current chewers, the current chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use and those without had a higher risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals: 2.46 (2.00-3.02), and 2.04 (1.53-2.73), respectively) after controlling for age, service specialty, total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL and exercise frequency (model 1). The association did not change much in the two chewing groups after additionally adjusting for alcohol consumption (model 2) (OR: 2.49 (1.99-3.12), and 2.04 (1.52-2.73), respectively), whereas the relationship reduced significantly in the chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use rather than those without after further adjusting for smoking (model 3) (OR: 2.18 (1.71-2.78) and 2.02 (1.51-2.71), respectively). This was in parallel with the pattern for the association of betel nut chewing with serum triglycerides >150 mg/dL in the chewers with both tobacco/alcohol use and those without in model 1 (OR: 2.90 (2.40-3.51) and 1.90 (1.45-2.49), respectively, p =0.011), in model 2 (OR: 2.82 (2.30-3.46) and 1.89 (1.44-2.49), respectively, p =0.040), and in model 3 (2.26 (1.81-2.81) and 1.87 (1.42-2.45), respectively, p =0.76). Conclusion:: Our findings suggest that tobacco smoking but not alcohol intake could increase the relationship of betel nut chewing with metabolic syndrome, which is likely mediated by a synergic effect on increasing serum triglycerides levels.
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- 2021
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3. 31-33 GHz CMOS PA For Ka-Band Radar System
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Yu-Jie Chou, Hsiao-Chin Chen, Chih-Yu Chang, Chen-Ang Wu, Kun-Yu Lee, and Li-Tung Chiu
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Amplifier ,Electrical engineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Chip ,law.invention ,Power (physics) ,Capacitor ,CMOS ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Ka band ,Radar ,Transformer ,business - Abstract
A 31-33 GHz CMOS PA is designed and implemented using 90-nm CMOS technology for radar applications in this work. Based on the two stage differential class-AB power amplifier architecture, the PA is realized by using transformers as matching elements to save chip area. Moreover, neutralization technique is applied to ensure the stability. Consuming the power of 109.8 mW, the PA achieves the output power of 9.93 dBm and the PAE of 6.9 % at 32 GHz for the input power of -7 dBm.
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- 2021
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4. Solution-processed conductive interconnecting layer for highly-efficient and long-term stable monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells
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Yu Cheng Hsiao, Bo Chou Tsai, Min Zhen Lin, Hsin Fei Meng, and Chih Yu Chang
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Materials science ,Fullerene ,Dopant ,Tandem ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Doping ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Stacking ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Electrical conductor - Abstract
Although stacking of multiple subcells with complementary bandgaps via an interconnecting layer (ICL) to form multi-junction tandem devices appears to be one of the most promising strategies to increase the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), the realization of high efficiency and long-term stable tandem devices based on solution-processed ICL remains highly challenging. In this study, a promising solution-processed ICL consisting of cross-linked p-doped hole transport layer (HTL) and n-doped fullerene electron transport layer for efficient and stable monolithic perovskite tandem solar cells is demonstrated. For the first time, high-performance photo-cross-linkable p-doped HTL material based on poly-[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) is developed by incorporating 1,2-bis[4-(azido-methyl)phenyl]-1,2-diphenylethene (TPE-MN3) and molybdenum tris-[1-(trifluoroethanoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] (Mo(tfdCOCF3)3) as the cross-linking agent and p-type dopant, respectively. This HTL exerts multiple positive impact on the device characteristics, including good solvent resistance, appropriate energy level matching, good electrical conductivity, and high compatibility with different perovskite systems. With these desirable characteristics, the series-connected tandem solar cells afford a PCE up to 18.69%, which represents the highest efficiency reported to date for monolithic all-perovskite tandem cells. Additionally, owing to high conductivity of the interfacial layers, a promising PCE up to 16.20% is attained even when the active area is extended to 1.2 cm2. More encouragingly, the encapsulated tandem cells exhibit remarkable long-term stability, maintaining ≈ 91% of its initial PCE after 9300 h (≈387 days) of air exposure. This work represents an important step forward toward the realization of large-area solution-processed perovskite tandem solar cells with high efficiency and long-term stability.
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- 2019
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5. Effect of dialyzer membranes on mortality in uremic patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis: A Nationwide population-based study using the Taiwan Dialysis Registry Data System 2005-2012
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Chih Chieh Lin, Chih Cheng Hsu, Chih Chin Kao, Chen Hao Chang, Yen Chung Lin, Hsi Hsien Chen, Mai Szu Wu, Hsiang Ling Lin, Chih Yu Chang, and Albert Li
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Population ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Taiwan ,Biocompatible Materials ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Renal Dialysis ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Population Database ,Humans ,Registries ,education ,Dialysis ,Aged ,Uremia ,education.field_of_study ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Membranes, Artificial ,Hematology ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,Causality ,Treatment Outcome ,Nephrology ,Kidney Failure, Chronic ,Registry data ,Female ,Hemodialysis ,business - Abstract
Introduction The characteristics in dialyzer is associated with mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) receiving hemodialysis (HD). This study is to investigate the effects of dialyzer membranes on 3-year mortality in ESRD patients. Methods From the long-term nationwide population database database. Prevalent HD patient during 2005-2012 were enrolled. Our main analysis to calculate the effect was cox regression multivariate model. Results Overall, the mean age of all population (N=73,565) was 61.0 ± 13.6 years, observation period is 2.46 years ± 0.98 within 3 years and 64.6% used polysulfone (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (11.6%), polyethersulfone (11.4%), and cellulose triacetate (CTA) (10.7%), EVAL (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.71-4.33) and CTA (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.12-1.64) were associated with higher mortality than PS, but PMMA was not. Conclusion EVAL and CTA adversely affected mortality and PMMA had no protective role. Further investigations on membrane characters on HD patients are warranted. Taipei Medical University (TMU) (TMU-JIRB (No. N201804051).
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- 2021
6. 7.1 A 3.4-to-13.3TOPS/W 3.6TOPS Dual-Core Deep-Learning Accelerator for Versatile AI Applications in 7nm 5G Smartphone SoC
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Jeng-Yun Hsu, Pei-Kuei Tsung, Wei-Chih Lai, Perry H Wang, Chia-Hung Liu, Ming-Hsien Lee, Chih-Yu Chang, Yi-Min Tsai, Shao-Yu Wang, Chien-Hung Lin, Tsung-Yao Lin, Chin-Hua Kuo, Chih-Chung Cheng, Hung Shengje, Chih-Cheng Chen, and Kuo Yu-Ting
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Random access memory ,Artificial neural network ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,020208 electrical & electronic engineering ,Memory bandwidth ,02 engineering and technology ,Network topology ,Power budget ,Memory management ,Computer architecture ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Applications of artificial intelligence ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Dram - Abstract
Recent advancements in deep learning (DL) have led to the wide adoption of AI applications, such as image recognition [1], image de-noising and speech recognition, in the 5G smartphones. For a satisfactory user experience, there are stringent requirements in the real-time response of smartphone applications. In order to meet the performance expectations for DL, numerous deep learning accelerators (DLA) have been proposed for DL inference on the edge devices [2]–[5]. As depicted in Fig. 7.1.1, the major challenge in designing a DLA for smartphones is achieving the required computing efficiency, while limited by the power budget and memory bandwidth (BW). Since the overall power consumption of a smartphone system-on-a-chip (SoC) is usually constrained to 2 to 3W and the available DRAM BW is around 10-to-30GB/s, the power budget allocated for a DLA must be below 1W with the memory BW limited to 1-to-10GB/s. While operating under such constraints, the DLA is required to support various network topologies and highly precise neural operations in smartphone applications. For instance, the Android neural network APIs currently specify the use of asymmetric quantization (ASYMM-Q), providing better precision than conventional symmetric quantization.
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- 2020
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7. (Invited)Ultra-Low Power III-V-Based MOSFETs and Tunneling FETs
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Takahiro Gotow, Chih-Yu Chang, Dae-Hwan Ahn, Mitsuru Takenaka, Kimihiko Kato, Shinichi Takagi, Chiaki Yokoyama, and Kiyoshi Endo
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Ultra low power ,Hysteresis ,Semiconductor ,Materials science ,business.industry ,MOSFET ,Optoelectronics ,Steep slope ,business ,Quantum tunnelling ,Quantum well - Abstract
The technical challenges and viable technologies of tunneling MOSFETs (TFET) using III-V semiconductors are present in this paper. Device engineering indispensable in improving the performance of TFETs is summarized. In particular, the electrical characteristics of TFETs using In0.53Ga0.47As/higher-In-content InGaAs/In0.53Ga0.47As quantum well (QW) structures are addressed as viable examples. Also, the effect of surface pre-treatment on InAs on the MOS interface properties, important for the InAs MOSFET and TFET performance, is presented. In addition, the electrical properties of In0.53Ga0.47As MOSFETs using ALD La2O3 gate insulators with ferroelectric-like hysteresis are also introduced as another possible direction for steep slope devices.
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- 2018
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8. N‐Type Conjugated Polymer as Multi‐Functional Interfacial Layer for High‐Performance and Ultra‐Stable Self‐Powered Photodetectors Based on Perovskite Nanowires
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Chun-Ya Chang, Chih-Yu Chang, and Kuan-Si Wu
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Nanowire ,Photodetector ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,chemistry ,Electrochemistry ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Perovskite (structure) - Published
- 2021
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9. Efficient semitransparent organic solar cells with good color perception and good color rendering by blade coating
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Chih Yu Chang, Sheng-fu Horng, ChingSeong Tan, Hsin-Fei Meng, Pei Ting Tsai, Hsiao-Wen Zan, Hin Yong Wong, Chen Yu Wu, and Ying Qian Wong
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Materials science ,Opacity ,Organic solar cell ,Standard illuminant ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biomaterials ,Optics ,Coating ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Chromaticity ,business.industry ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Color rendering index ,High color ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
This paper proposes high efficiency semitransparent organic solar cells (OSCs) with good color perception and good color rendering using blade coating technique. We investigate four different polymer blends and first fabricate small area devices with active area of 0.04 cm2, followed by large area devices with active area of 10.8 cm2. Two of the polymer blends, 2,6-Bis(trimethyltin)-4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene:6,6-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PBDTTT-CT:PC71BM) and poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′] dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)]:PC71BM (PBDTTT-EFT:PC71BM) show promising results. For small area devices, semitransparent PBDTTT-CT:PC71BM and semitransparent PBDTTT-EFT:PC71BM achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.2% (opaque PCE = 7.5%) and 5.6% (opaque PCE = 9.4%) respectively. For large area devices, they are found to produce a PCE of 3.8% (opaque PCE = 4.2%) and 5.3% (opaque PCE = 5.9%) respectively. Based on the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram, semitransparent PBDTTT-CT:PC71BM and semitransparent PBDTTT-EFT:PC71BM are located very close to the standard illuminant D65, indicating good color perception. As for color rendering, they demonstrate high color rendering index (CRI) of 95.4 and 87.1 respectively. These combined high performances indicate high-quality transmitted light, which is suitable for window application.
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- 2017
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10. Unusual presentation of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
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Ren-Hua Yeh, Ching-Liang Ho, Ming-Shen Dai, Tzu-Chuan Huang, Yi-Ying Wu, Chih-Yu Chang, Yeu-Chin Chen, Jia-Hong Chen, and Ping-Ying Chang
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Cultural Studies ,Linguistics and Language ,History ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,Language and Linguistics ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Extramedullary involvement ,Chemotherapy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Cluster of differentiation ,business.industry ,Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia ,Soft tissue ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anthropology ,Immunohistochemistry ,Bone marrow ,CD5 ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
A 62-year-old Taiwanese man presented to our hospital with soft masses over his right shoulder and left elbow that had rapidly developed over the previous three months. Diagnostic biopsy showed abnormal lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the soft tissue and bone marrow. Serial studies including immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that these abnormal cells strongly expressed cell surface markers such as IgM and CD-20, but not CD3, CD5, or CD10, leading to the diagnosis of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM). These soft tissue lesions and abnormal cells in the bone marrow decreased gradually after multiple rounds of chemotherapy with R-COP. This study presents a case of WM—a rare B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder—with initial extramedullary soft tissue presentation. Thus, physicians should be aware of this rare soft tissue clinical manifestation in patients.
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- 2018
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11. The Impact of Emergency Interventions and Patient Characteristics on the Risk of Heart Failure in Patients with Nontraumatic OHCA
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Shinn-Ying Ho, Tsung-Han Lee, Yu-Chih Chen, Cheng-Chieh Huang, Chih-Pei Su, Jr-Hau Wu, Mei-Chueh Yang, Cheng Hsu Chen, Ching-Hui Liao, Chu-Chung Chou, Wen-Liang Chen, Chih Yu Chang, and Yan-Ren Lin
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Article Subject ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cardiomyopathy ,Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ,lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,lcsh:RC86-88.9 ,medicine.disease ,Intensive care unit ,law.invention ,law ,Heart failure ,Emergency medicine ,Emergency Medicine ,Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ,Medicine ,Medical history ,Myocardial infarction ,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Background. Since out-of-hospital cardiac arrest- (OHCA-) related dysfunction (ischemic/reperfusion injury and inflammatory response) might result in long-term impairment, we suspect that new-onset heart failure might be common in long-term survivors. However, these relationships had not been well addressed, and we aimed to analyze the impact of emergency interventions and patient characteristics on the risk of new-onset heart failure in patients with nontraumatic OHCA. Methods. The Taiwanese government healthcare database contains data for 49,101 nontraumatic OHCA adult patients from 2011-2012, which were analyzed in this study. Nontraumatic OHCA patients who survived to the intensive care unit (ICU) were included as the study group (n = 7,321). Matched patients (n = 21,963) were recruited as a comparison group. Patients with any history of heart failure or cardiac arrest were not included in either group. All patients were followed-up for 6 months for the identification of new-onset heart failure. Adjustments were made for demographics, age, emergency interventions, and comorbidities as potential risk factors. Results. In all, 3.84% (n = 281) of OHCA patients suffered new-onset heart failure, while only 1.24% (n = 272) of matched patients in the comparison group suffered new-onset heart failure. Strong risk factors for heart failure were age (60–75 years, HR: 11.4; 95% CI: 9–14.4), medical history (myocardial infarction, HR: 2.47; 95% CI: 2.05–2.98 and cardiomyopathy, HR: 2.94; 95% CI: 1.45–5.94), and comorbidities during hospitalization (ischemic heart disease, HR: 4.5; 95% CI: 3.46–5.86). Only extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) decreased the risk of heart failure. Most (53.6%) heart failure events occurred within 60 days after OHCA. Conclusion. An age from 61 to 75 years, a history of myocardial infarction or cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease or infection as comorbidities occurring during hospitalization were strong risk factors for new-onset heart failure in OHCA patients. However, ECMO could decrease this risk. More importantly, most heart failure events occurred within 60 days after OHCA.
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- 2019
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12. III-V/Ge MOS device technologies for low power integrated systems
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M. Noguchi, Koichi Nishi, Chih-Yu Chang, Mengnan Ke, Rui Zhang, Moon Seok Kim, Masafumi Yokoyama, Sanghyeon Kim, Shinichi Takagi, and Mitsuru Takenaka
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Materials science ,Wafer bonding ,Silicon on insulator ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Germanium ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Stack (abstract data type) ,0103 physical sciences ,MOSFET ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Quantum well ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,CMOS ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,AND gate ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN - Abstract
CMOS utilizing high mobility III-V/Ge channels on Si substrates is expected to be one of the promising devices for high performance and low power integrated systems in the future technology nodes, because of the enhanced carrier transport properties. In addition, Tunneling-FETs (TFETs) using Ge/III-V materials are regarded as one of the most important steep slope devices for the ultra-low power applications. In this paper, we address the device and process technologies of Ge/III-V MOSFETs and TFETs on the Si CMOS platform. The channel formation, source/drain (S/D) formation and gate stack engineering are introduced for satisfying the device requirements. The plasma post oxidation to form GeO x interfacial layers is a key gate stack technology for Ge CMOS. Also, direct wafer bonding of ultrathin body quantum well III-V-OI channels, combined with Tri-gate structures, realizes high performance III-V n-MOSFETs on Si. We also demonstrate planar-type InGaAs and Ge/strained SOI TFETs. The defect-less p + -n source junction formation with steep impurity profiles is a key for high performance TFET operation.
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- 2016
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13. High-performance printable hybrid perovskite solar cells with an easily accessible n-doped fullerene as a cathode interfacial layer
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Chih Yu Chang, Cheng Si Tsao, Yu-Ching Huang, Yu Cheng Hsiao, and Bo Chou Tsai
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Doping ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Cathode ,0104 chemical sciences ,Active layer ,law.invention ,Coating ,law ,Electrode ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
Engineering the interface between the active layer and the electrodes has proven to be a promising strategy to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of hybrid perovskite solar cells (PeSCs). Here, we present an effective approach to achieve highly efficient PeSCs by inserting an easy-accessible hexamethonium bromide (HMB)-doped [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) film between the active perovskite layer and the Ag cathode. This doped interfacial layer delivers several remarkable features for use in PeSCs, including solution processability, good electrical conductivity, fine work-function tunability of the Ag electrode, and general applicability to different fullerene materials. As a consequence, planar-heterojunction PeSCs deliver a PCE up to ∼18%, showing an approximately 5.6-fold enhancement compared with the control device using an undoped PC61BM layer. In particular, benefitting from the high conductivity of this doped film, a prominent PCE as high as 15.58% can be achieved even when a large thickness of the PC61BM layer (120 nm) is used. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest performance ever reported for PeSCs with a PC61BM thickness more than 100 nm. More encouragingly, large-area PeSCs (active area = 1.2 cm2) via the doctor-blade coating technique also exhibit a remarkable PCE (15.23%) and good long-term stability under an inert atmosphere. Our results indicate that the HMB-doped PC61BM film is a promising interfacial layer for PeSCs and can be compatible with high throughput roll-to-roll manufacturing processes.
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- 2016
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14. Manipulation of optical field distribution in ITO-free micro-cavity polymer tandem solar cells via the out-of-cell capping layer for high photovoltaic performance
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Alex K.-Y. Jen, Hongzheng Chen, Chih Yu Chang, Lijian Zuo, Yun-Xiang Xu, and Chu-Chen Chueh
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Materials science ,Tandem ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Photovoltaic system ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Dielectric ,Optical field ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Solar irradiance ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Electrode ,Transmittance ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
Series-connected tandem organic photovoltaic devices (SCTOPVs) have been shown to provide higher power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) than the single junction devices due to the improved light harvesting. To achieve the optimal device performance of SCTOPVs, balancing the photocurrents generated from the sub-cells is critical according to the Kirchhoff law. In this work, we demonstrate that the out-of-cell capping layer of an ITO-free microcavity SCTOPV plays an important role in manipulating the optical field distribution in the constituent sub-cells for achieving balanced photocurrents and optimal photovoltaic performance. Two mirror-like electrodes, a semi-transparent ultrathin Ag capped with a dielectric TeO2 layer and a thick Ag electrode were used to construct an ITO-free top-illuminated microcavity configuration, in which certain frequencies of solar irradiance can resonate between the reflective surfaces. As a result, a top-illuminated ITO-free SCTOPV with a comparable performance (7.4%) to the ITO-based counterpart (7.5%) was demonstrated despite the inferior transmittance of the ultra-thin Ag relative to ITO.
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- 2016
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15. Clinical treatment and medication in decreasing the development of major depression caused by spinal fracture
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Shinn Ying Ho, Cheng Chieh Huang, Chin Fu Chang, Wen-Liang Chen, Chih Yu Chang, Pei You Hsieh, Yan-Ren Lin, Yat-Yin Law, Tsung-Han Lee, and Chu Chung Chou
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Medicine (General) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Activities of daily living ,Taiwan ,surgical intervention ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,R5-920 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Activities of Daily Living ,Spinal fracture ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Clinical treatment ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Retrospective Studies ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Depression ,business.industry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Chronic pain ,Cell Biology ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,narcotics ,Physical therapy ,Spinal Fractures ,Original Article ,chronic pain ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background Chronic pain and limited activities of daily living after spinal fracture may induce the occurrence of major depression (MD); however, risk factors regarding medications, surgical intervention, and severity of fracture are unclear. We aimed to analyze risk factors of MD development after spinal fracture. Methods This was a retrospective database study, using the health care database of the Taiwan government. We included 11,225 patients with new spinal fracture (study group), and 33,675 matched patients without fracture (comparison group). We respectively reviewed data of each participant for 3 years to assess the development of MD. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the prevalence of MD, after adjusting for patient demographics, medications, surgical interventions, spinal cord involvement, and postfracture comorbidities. Results In total, 187 fracture patients (1.7%) and 281 nonfracture patients (0.8%) developed new-onset MD (hazard ratio [HR]:1.96, (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63–2.36)). Spinal cord involvement (HR: 2.96, 95% CI: 2.54–3.42) and postfracture comorbidities (HR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.86–3.97) obviously increased the risk of MD. Conclusions Patients with spinal fracture (spinal cord involvement and postfracture comorbidities) were more likely to develop MD. Early surgical interventions (vertebroplasty) and medications (narcotics) may decrease the risk of MD.
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- 2020
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16. Understanding How People Select Social Networking Services: Media Trait, Social Influences and Situational Factors
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Chih-Yu Chang and Shiu-Li Huang
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Information Systems and Management ,business.industry ,Repertoire ,Internet privacy ,Affect (psychology) ,Management Information Systems ,Selection (linguistics) ,Trait ,Internet users ,Situational ethics ,Psychology ,business ,Information Systems ,Social influence ,Uses and gratifications theory - Abstract
Social networking services (SNSs) have become very popular, and many Internet users use two or more SNSs. However, little research has been done to understand how and when users select multiple SNSs in series. This study investigates Internet users’ SNS selection behavior in daily life. We adopt the notion of media repertoire to explore how Internet users select SNSs in combination, and we adopt uses and gratifications theory to identify the values that drive these users to choose specific SNSs. We interviewed 40 Taiwanese people to explore the media traits, situational factors and social influences that affect users’ SNS selection behavior. The findings of this study can help SNS companies to improve SNS functions, and help marketers devise marketing strategies for target audiences and find suitable SNS platforms on which to communicate with consumers.
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- 2020
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17. High-Performance, Air-Stable, Low-Temperature Processed Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Atomic Layer Deposition
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Hao Yi Siao, Kuan Ting Lee, Yu Chia Chang, Chih Yu Chang, and Wen Kuan Huang
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Materials science ,Opacity ,business.industry ,General Chemical Engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Nanowire ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Cathode ,law.invention ,Atomic layer deposition ,law ,Electrode ,Materials Chemistry ,Transmittance ,Optoelectronics ,Work function ,business - Abstract
We demonstrate high-performance, air-stable, low-temperature processed (≤100 °C) semitransparent (ST) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by the applications of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology to deposit ZnO and Al2O3 films as cathode buffer layer (CBL) and encapsulation layer, respectively. The application of ALD ZnO film as CBL in PSCs delivers several remarkable features, including fine-tunability of the work function of the electrode, low deposition temperature (80 °C), high charge selectivity, good electron-transporting ability (filed-effect mobility = 16.1 cm2 V–1 s–1), and excellent film coverage. With these desired interfacial properties, the device with opaque Ag electrode delivers high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 16.5%, greatly outperforming the device with state-of-the-art CBL ZnO nanoparticles film (10.8%). For ST PSCs employing Ag nanowires as transparent top electrode, a remarkable PCE of 10.8% with a corresponding average visible transmittance (AVT) of 25.5% is demonstrated, ...
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- 2015
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18. III–V-based low power CMOS devices on Si platform
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Chiaki Yokoyama, Mitsuru Takenaka, Chih-Yu Chang, Takahiro Gotow, Sanghyeon Kim, Dae-Hwan Ahn, Koichi Nishi, Shinichi Takagi, Masafumi Yokoyama, M. Noguchi, and Sang-Hee Yoon
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010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Integrated systems ,Gate stack ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Germanium ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Power (physics) ,CMOS ,chemistry ,Tunnel junction ,0103 physical sciences ,MOSFET ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Steep slope ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Hardware_LOGICDESIGN - Abstract
CMOS utilizing high mobility III–V channels on Si substrates is expected to be one of the promising devices for high performance and low power integrated systems in the future technology nodes, because of the enhanced carrier transport properties. In addition, Tunnel FETs (TFETs) using III–V channel materials are regarded as one of the most promising steep slope devices for the ultra-low power applications. In this presentation, we address the critical issues for realizing III–V MOSFETs and TFETs on the Si CMOS platform. Viable technologies of MOS channel, gate stack, source/drain and tunnel junction formation are introduced for satisfying the device requirements. The electrical properties of ultrathin body InAs MOSFETs, InGaAs/Ge CMOS, InAs/GaSb CMOS, InGaAs TFETs and InGaAs/GaAsSb TFETs are presented.
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- 2017
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19. Efficient and Stable Vacuum-Free-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by a Robust Solution-Processed Hole Transport Layer
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Chih Yu Chang, Bo Chou Tsai, and Yu Cheng Hsiao
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Materials science ,Passivation ,Vacuum ,General Chemical Engineering ,Metal Nanoparticles ,02 engineering and technology ,Conductivity ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Electric Power Supplies ,PEDOT:PSS ,Solar Energy ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Materials Science ,HOMO/LUMO ,Titanium ,Dopant ,business.industry ,Doping ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Heterojunction ,Oxides ,Calcium Compounds ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Solutions ,General Energy ,Optoelectronics ,Gold ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Here, efficient and stable vacuum-free processed perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are demonstrated by employing solutionprocessed molybdenum tris-[1-(trifluoroethanoyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)ethane-1,2-dithiolene] (Mo(tfd-COCF3)3)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film as hole transport layer (HTL). Our results indicate that the incorporation of Mo(tfd-COCF3)3 dopant can induce p-doping through charge transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the PEDOT host to the electron affinity of Mo(tfd-COCF3)3, leading to an increase in conductivity by more than three orders of magnitude. With this newly developed p-doped film as HTL in planar heterojunction PSCs, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 18.47 % can be achieved, which exceeds that of the device with commonly used HTL 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD). Taking the advantage of the high conductivity of this doped film, a prominent PCE as high as 15.58 % is also demonstrated even when a large HTL thickness of 220 nm is used. Importantly, the high quality film of this HTL is capable of acting as an effective passivation layer to keep the underlying perovskite layer intact during solution-processed Ag-nanoparticles layer deposition. The resulting vacuum-free PSCs deliver an impressive PCE of 14.81 %, which represents the highest performance ever reported for vacuum-free PSCs. Furthermore, the resulting devices show good ambient stability without encapsulation.
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- 2017
20. Urticaria in adolescence increases the risk of developing new-onset depression: A database study
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Yan-Ren Lin, Chih Yu Chang, Chi Yen Chen, Chu Chung Chou, and Pei You Hsieh
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,New onset ,hazard ratio ,urticaria ,immune system diseases ,medicine ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,education ,Psychiatry ,Survival analysis ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Asthma ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Hazard ratio ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,pediatric ,adolescent ,depression ,Emergency Medicine ,business - Abstract
ObjectiveUrticaria is a common ailment encountered in pediatric outpatient or emergency departments. Although the symptoms of urticaria may increase stress, this association is not fully understood. Our aim was to analyze the risk of depression following a diagnosis of urticaria using a nationwide population-based study.MethodsWe examined the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. Patients who had a history of urticaria or depression prior to the study period were excluded. A total of 6742 adolescents (aged 13–18 years) who were hospitalized for a first-attack urticaria episode between 2006 and 2009 were recruited as a study group, together with 20,226 matched nonurticaria enrollees as a control group. Each patient was prospectively followed for 1 year to identify episodes of depression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of depression between the study and control groups, making adjustments for the patients' places of residence and sociodemographic characteristics. Depression-free survival curves were also analyzed. Finally, the risks of depression were analyzed between various age groups.ResultsA total of 63 (0.9%) adolescents with urticaria and 61 (0.3%) nonurticarial control individuals suffered a new-onset episode of depression during the follow-up period. The stratified Cox proportional analysis indicated that the crude hazard ratio of depression among adolescents with urticaria was 1.86 times (95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.98) that of the control individuals without urticaria. Patients who were 16–18 years of age and who had a history of asthma were more likely to suffer from depression (p
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- 2014
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21. Enhanced Performance of Organic Thin Film Solar Cells Using Electrodes with Nanoimprinted Light-Diffraction and Light-Diffusion Structures
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Chain-Shu Hsu, Chih Yu Chang, Jheng Yuan Chen, Yi-Hsiang Chao, Kien-Wen Sun, and Ming Hung Yu
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Substrate (electronics) ,engineering.material ,Photoresist ,Ray ,Nanoimprint lithography ,law.invention ,Coating ,law ,engineering ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
An ITO substrate with periodic surface nanostructures was used to induce strong diffusion and diffraction of incident light. The nanostructures were fabricated using nanoimprint lithography on photoresist followed by coating of the ITO layer and organic materials with uniform morphology. The nanostructures embedded into the ITO layer were found to increase absorption in poly(3-hexylthiophene) : [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester solar devices. The short-circuit current of the nanostructured organic solar cells improved from 7.07 to 10.76 mA/cm2. This improvement was due to the increased effective optical path of absorbed light resulting from the trapping and scattering by the nanostructures.
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- 2014
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22. Efficient all polymer solar cells from layer-evolved processing of a bilayer inverted structure
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Yue Zang, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Hin-Lap Yip, Jeremy J. Intemann, Yiwang Chen, Chih Yu Chang, Zhong'an Li, Po-Wei Liang, and Kai Yao
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Charge carrier mobility ,business.industry ,Bilayer ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Chemistry ,Electron acceptor ,Polymer solar cell ,chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Layer (electronics) ,Recombination - Abstract
A new electron acceptor poly(indacenodiselenophene-difluorobenzothiadiazole) was used to fabricate bilayer all-polymer solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency (2.5%). By using the layer-evolved bilayer structure with interfacial modification, it alleviates unbalanced charge carrier mobility and reduces bimolecular recombination within the BHJ device.
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- 2014
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23. Urticaria Increases the Risk of Depression in Adult Patients: A National Database Study
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Hsiu-Ying Hsu, Shih-Chang Lai, Kai-Ting Shu, Mei-Chueh Yang, Yan-Ren Lin, Chu-Chung Chou, Yao-Yuan Chang, Chih Yu Chang, Fei-Ling Yen, Yi-Chun Lai, Huei-Min Chen, and Hui-Ching Tang
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Adult patients ,business.industry ,Medicine ,National database ,business ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Published
- 2013
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24. Additives for morphology control in high-efficiency organic solar cells
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Hsueh-Chung Liao, Chun-Chih Ho, Chih Yu Chang, Seth B. Darling, Meng Huan Jao, and Wei-Fang Su
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Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Environmentally friendly ,Polymer solar cell ,Material selection ,Materials Science(all) ,Photovoltaics ,Mechanics of Materials ,Compatibility (mechanics) ,Energy transformation ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photovoltaics represent one of the most promising technologies in low-cost, high-throughput, environmentally friendly energy conversion. Morphological control is one pillar of the recent remarkable progress in power conversion efficiency. This review focuses on morphological control by processing with solvent additives, which has been extensively adopted and exhibits promising compatibility with large-scale processing. Recent investigations including material selection, morphological variations at various length scales, and interpretations of the interaction among additives and BHJ materials will be discussed. Insights into the role of solvent additives represent an important resource for further improvement in materials and processing designs.
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- 2013
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25. A Versatile Fluoro-Containing Low-Bandgap Polymer for Efficient Semitransparent and Tandem Polymer Solar Cells
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Chang-Zhi Li, Hin-Lap Yip, Chih Yu Chang, Hongzheng Chen, Yen-Ju Cheng, Lijian Zuo, Chain-Shu Hsu, Yongxi Li, and Alex K.-Y. Jen
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Organic electronics ,Materials science ,Organic solar cell ,Tandem ,business.industry ,Polymer ,Hybrid solar cell ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Polymer solar cell ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Active layer ,Biomaterials ,chemistry ,law ,Electrochemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Crystallization ,business - Abstract
The versatility of a fl uoro-containing low band-gap polymer, poly[2,6-(4,4bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(5-fl uoro2,1,3-benzothia-diazole)] (PCPDTFBT) in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) applications is demonstrated. High boiling point 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (TCB) is used as a solvent to manipulate PCPDTFBT:[6,6]-phenyl-C 71 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM) active layer morphology to obtain high-performance single-junction devices. It promotes the crystallization of PCPDTFBT polymer, thus improving the charge-transport properties of the active layer. By combining the morphological manipulation with interfacial optimization and device engineering, the single-junction device exhibits both good air stability and high power-conversion effi ciency (PCE, of 6.6%). This represents one of the highest PCE values for cyclopenta[2,1-b;3,4-b’]dithiophene (CPDT)-based OPVs. This polymer is also utilized for constructing semitransparent solar cells and double-junction tandem solar cells to demonstrate high PCEs of 5.0% and 8.2%, respectively.
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- 2013
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26. A special processor design for Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool with a new Banded two-hit method
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Yi-Chang Lu, Chih-Yu Chang, Nae-Chyun Chen, Yu-Cheng Li, and Xiao-Xuan Huang
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Theoretical computer science ,Software ,Power consumption ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Processor design ,Basic Local Alignment Search Tool ,Sequence alignment ,Parallel computing ,business - Abstract
Traditionally, sequence alignment is done by software. In this paper, we design a special processor based on Basic Local Alignment Search Tool for Nucleotides (BLASTn) with a new Banded Two-hit method. When compared to the results obtained from the ungapped BLASTn software, NCBI v2.2.31+, our hardware always gives equal or better alignment results along with 2 to 6 times speed-up and a power consumption of only 370 mW.
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- 2016
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27. Impact of Different Initial Epinephrine Treatment Time Points on the Early Postresuscitative Hemodynamic Status of Children With Traumatic Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest
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Yuan Jhen Syue, Cheng Hsu Chen, Wen Liang Chen, Chao Jui Li, Chih Yu Chang, Waradee Buddhakosai, Yan-Ren Lin, Chin Fu Chang, and Huai En Lu
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Male ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Epinephrine ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Hemodynamics ,Renal function ,Observational Study ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Early Medical Intervention ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,business.industry ,Infant ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,General Medicine ,Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ,Blood pressure ,Treatment Outcome ,Anesthesia ,Child, Preschool ,Wounds and Injuries ,Female ,business ,Perfusion ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,medicine.drug ,Research Article - Abstract
The postresuscitative hemodynamic status of children with traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) might be impacted by the early administration of epinephrine, but this topic has not been well addressed. The aim of this study was to analyze the early postresuscitative hemodynamics, survival, and neurologic outcome according to different time points of first epinephrine treatment among children with traumatic OHCA. Information on 388 children who presented to the emergency departments of 3 medical centers and who were treated with epinephrine for traumatic OHCA during the study period (2003–2012) was retrospectively collected. The early postresuscitative hemodynamic features (cardiac functions, end-organ perfusion, and consciousness), survival, and neurologic outcome according to different time points of first epinephrine treatment (early: 30 minutes after collapse) were analyzed. Among 165 children who achieved sustained return of spontaneous circulation, 38 children (9.8%) survived to discharge and 12 children (3.1%) had good neurologic outcomes. Early epinephrine increased the postresuscitative heart rate and blood pressure in the first 30 minutes, but ultimately impaired end-organ perfusion (decreased urine output and initial creatinine clearance) (all P
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- 2016
28. Enhanced Performance and Stability of a Polymer Solar Cell by Incorporation of Vertically Aligned, Cross-Linked Fullerene Nanorods
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Shih Yung Chen, Chih Yu Chang, Chaohua Cui, Yuh-Lin Wang, Cheng En Wu, Yongfang Li, Yen-Ju Cheng, and Chain-Shu Hsu
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Exciton ,Nanotechnology ,Heterojunction ,General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Space charge ,Acceptor ,Catalysis ,Polymer solar cell ,Active layer ,law.invention ,PEDOT:PSS ,law ,Solar cell ,Optoelectronics ,business - Abstract
Research on polymer solar cells (PSC) using organic p-type (donor) and n-type (acceptor) semiconductors has attracted tremendous scientific and industrial interest in recent years. The charge generation and charge transport play equally important roles in determining the device efficiency. To dramatically increase the area of the donor–acceptor interface for efficient charge separation, a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) is adopted to form an interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor materials. This configuration decreases the distance that excitons need to travel to reach the heterojunction interface, thus reducing exciton recombination. However, the donor and acceptor are randomly interspersed; pathways for charges to reach the electrodes through the active layer are disordered. Free charges are likely to encounter an opposite charge, resulting in charge recombination and reduced current. 4] Moreover, space charge may be built up if charges are locally trapped on isolated domains. Furthermore, an increase in the thickness of the BHJ layer to enhance absorption is usually accompanied by deteriorated charge collection. Consequently, controlling phase separation toward optimal morphology in BHJ by external treatments, such as thermal or solvent annealing, is an important but challenging task. To provide a direct path for charge transport while maintaining a large interfacial area, the ideal architecture of the donor and acceptor is the periodic, vertically aligned, and interpenetrating ordered bulk heterojunction (OBHJ). The electrons and holes have straight and independent pathways to the electrodes to shorten the carrier transport length and reduce the probability of charge recombination. Several elegant studies have attempted to demonstrate this conceptual architecture, for example by a template-assisted strategy or self-assembly of block copolymer. However, realization of high-performance OBHJ devices has not been successful. We envision that designing a system that combines a BHJ for efficient charge generation with an OBHJ for efficient charge transport and collection would be a more practical strategy. Such a configuration is specifically suitable for solar cells with inverted architecture, because an electron-selective layer is required at the bottom of the active layer for electron extraction and hole blocking. For instance, the upper BHJ active layer of an inverted solar cell is infiltrated into vertically aligned nanorods extending from a bottom layer of an inorganic semiconductor (e.g. ZnO or TiO2). [18–20] However, owing to the poor electrical coherence at the organic/inorganic interface, the improvement in efficiency is moderate (PCE ranges from 2.1 to 2.7%). Recently, we reported a cross-linkable fullerene material, [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric styryl dendron ester (PCBSD). The formation of a cross-linked PCBSD (C-PCBSD, Figure 1a) planar layer allows realization of a multilayer inverted device by all-solution processing. By using indene–C60 bisadduct (ICBA, Figure 1a) with a higher-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level to serve as the acceptor in the blend, an inverted solar cell device based on the ITO/ZnO/C-PCBSD/ICBA:P3HT/PEDOT:PSS/Ag configuration achieved an enhanced power conversion efficiency
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- 2011
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29. Built-in Jitter Measurement Circuit With Calibration Techniques for a 3-GHz Clock Generator
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Shu-Yu Jiang, Chih-Yu Chang, Kai-Wei Hong, Kuo-Hsing Cheng, and Jen-Chieh Liu
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Engineering ,business.industry ,Vernier scale ,Amplifier ,Clock rate ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Ring oscillator ,law.invention ,Process variation ,Hardware and Architecture ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering ,Clock generator ,System on a chip ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Software ,Jitter - Abstract
This paper proposes a 3-GHz built-in jitter measurement (BIJM) circuit to measure clock jitter on high-speed transceivers and system-on-chip (SoC) systems. The proposed BIJM circuit adopts a high timing resolution and self-calibration techniques. To eliminate process variation effects in 3 GHz systems, this study proposes an auto-calibration technique for the self-refereed circuit and other calibration techniques for the time amplifier (TA) and vernier ring oscillator (VRO), respectively. These calibration techniques can reduce the timing resolution variation of the vernier ring oscillator and the gain variation of the TA by 66% and 65%, respectively. This reduces the timing resolution variation of BIJM by 60%. Because the vernier ring oscillator and time amplifier achieve a small timing resolution, the BIJM circuit does not need an additional jitter-free reference signal using the self-refereed circuit. This study fabricated the BIJM circuit using the UMC 90-nm CMOS process. The BIJM circuit has a power consumption measuring 11.4 mW, and its core area is 120 μm × 320 μm. The BIJM circuit measured the Gaussian distribution jitter at a 1.8 ps timing resolution with a 3-GHz input clock frequency.
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- 2011
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30. Enhanced OLED performance upon photolithographic patterning by using an atomic-layer-deposited buffer layer
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Syue Jhao Jhuo, Chih Yu Chang, Miin-Jang Chen, and Feng-Yu Tsai
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Organic electronics ,Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Nanotechnology ,General Chemistry ,Electroluminescence ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Atomic layer deposition ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,OLED ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Photolithography ,Luminous efficacy ,business ,Layer (electronics) - Abstract
This study addresses the problem of patterning-induced degradations to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by using a thin (10 A) atomic-layer-deposited (ALD) Al 2 O 3 film as both an electron-injection layer and a protecting layer for the electroluminescent material, poly[1-methoxy-4-(2′-ethyl-hexyloxy)-2,5-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV). With the ALD Al 2 O 3 film, the OLEDs not only withstood an aggressive photolithographic patterning process without any degradation but unprecedentedly showed increased luminous efficiency (by 100%) and lowered turn-on voltage (by 19%) afterward. Although the ALD precursor, trimethylaluminum (TMA), was found to damage the MEH-PPV layer through electrophilic addition to the vinylene groups of MEH-PPV during the deposition of the Al 2 O 3 film, its damaging effect was eliminated by pre-treating the MEH-PPV surface with isopropyl alcohol (IPA), whose hydroxyl groups scavenged TMA throughout the ALD process. The performance of the photo-patterned OLEDs was further improved by using a high-conductivity hole-injection layer, which increased accumulation of holes at the EL–buffer interface to enhance electron injection. The method reported herein improves the applicability of photolithography to OLED fabrication, promising to resolve the issue of patterning that has in part impeded OLED’s commercialization.
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- 2008
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31. (Invited) MOS Interface Defect Control in Ge/III-V Gate Stacks
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Chiaki Yokoyama, Mitsuru Takenaka, Takahiro Gotow, Chih-Yu Chang, Sang-Hee Yoon, Shinichi Takagi, Masafumi Yokoyama, Koichi Nishi, and Mengnan Ke
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Materials science ,business.industry ,Electrical engineering ,Gate stack ,Oxide ,High density ,Charge density ,Trapping ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,CMOS ,chemistry ,Trap density ,Optoelectronics ,business ,High-κ dielectric - Abstract
One of the most critical issues for realizing high performance Ge/III-V CMOS, which can be regarded as one of the promising device structures in the future technology nodes, is to establish the gate stack technologies simultaneously satisfying many requirements such as thin EOT, low interface state density (Dit), low slow trap density (Dtrap), high channel mobility and high gate insulator reliability. For this purpose, basic understanding of Ge/III-V MOS interfaces including physical origins of interface defects and the influence on channel mobility is indispensable. In order to realize low Dit, high channel mobility and thin EOT for Ge MOSFETs, we proposed an interfacial layer (IL) formation process employing ECR plasma post oxidation to form ultrathin GeOx through thin ALD Al2O3 [1, 2] or HfO2/Al2O3 [3]. By using the HfO2/Al2O3/GeOx/Ge gate stacks, Ge n- and p-MOSFETs (EOT of 0. 76 nm) with high electron (690 cm2/Vs) and hole (550 cm2/Vs) peak mobility were obtained. However, one of the most difficult challenges for the present GeOx-based ILs is the existence of high Dtrap [4, 5]. The slow traps can exist near GeOx/Ge interfaces, because the trapping characteristics are almost insensitive to the thickness of GeOx and Al2O3 [6]. Recently, inclusion of Y atoms into GeOx has been reported to effectively suppress Dtrap [7, 8]. We are currently working for the reduction in Dtrap by suing the ALD AlYO3/GeOx or Y2O3/GeOx interfaces [9, 10]. While the impact is still limited at present, further improvement in Dtrap is expected. For III-V MOS interface control, understanding of III-V MOS interface defects and establishment of the MOS interface defect control technologies have not been fully obtained yet. There still remain many issues, such as (1) higher Dit and Dtrap at InGaAs MOS gate stacks with Al2O3-based ILs than in Si and Ge MOS gate stacks (2) inferior MOS interface properties on Sb-based materials such as GaSb, GaAsSb and InGaSb (3) poor MOS gate stack reliability [5, 11, 12]. We studied the impact of ALD La2O3/InGaAs MOS interfaces on the performance of InGaAs MOSFETs. It was found that La2O3/InGaAs MOSFETs exhibit lower S. S. and lower carrier trapping properties, while have lower mobility than Al2O3/InGaAs MOSFETs because of higher fixed oxide charge density. Also, it was experimentally found that ALD La2O3 films with thermal budget lower than 300 oC have ferroelectricity in W/La2O3/InGaAs MOS and W/La2O3/W MIM structures. The steep slope characteristics due to the negative capacitance effect have been demonstrated in W/La2O3(15nm)/InGaAs MOSFETs [13]. We also found that BHF/HF pre-treatment is more effective for reduction of the fast interface state density at ALD Al2O3/InxGa1-xAs with higher In content (x=0.7 and 1) in comparison with conventional (NH4)Sy pre-treatment [14, 15]. It was suggested through the XPS analyses that the reduction in Dit is attributable to the dominance of As dangling bonds on Dit with higher In content and the effective passivation of oxygen atoms with these dangling bonds. For GaSb and GaAsSb MOS interface control, ultrathin InAs and InGaAs surface passivation layers have been found to be effective in reducing the fast interface state density [16, 17]. However, the detailed studies on further reduction in Dit and Dtrap and understanding of the relationship between the channel mobility and the interface properties are still strongly needed for Sb-based MOS devices. This work was partly supported by JST-CREST and the Grant in-Aid for Scientific Research through the MEXT (26249038). The authors would like to thank Drs. M. Yokoyama, H. Yamada and T. Yamamoto in Sumitomo Chemical Corporation, and Drs. M. Mitsuhara, H. Sugiyama, T. Hoshi and H. Yokoyama in NTT for their collaborations. References [1] R. Zhang et al., APL. 98, 112902 (2011) [2] R. Zhang et al., TED 59, 335 (2012) [3] R. Zhang et al., TED 60, 927 (2013) [4] R. Zhang et al., IEDM, 642 (2011) [5] G. Groeseneken et al., IEDM, 828 (2014) [6] M. Ke et al., APL. 109, 032101 (2016) [7] C. H. Lee et al., IEDM, 40 (2013) [8] C. Lu et al., IEDM 370 (2015) [9] M. Ke et al., Microelectron. Eng. 147, 244 (2015) [10] M. Ke et al., to be presented in Microelectron. Eng. (2017) [11] S. Deora et al., IEEE TDMR, 507 (2013) [12] J. Franco et al., IRPS, 6A2 (2014) [13] C.-Y. Chang et al., IEDM, 322(2016) [14] K. Nishi et al, APEX. 8, 061203 (2015) [15] C. Yokoyama et al., EDTM, 23 (2017) [16] M, Yokoyama et al., APL. 106, 122902 (2015) [17] T. Gotow et al, SISC, 6. 3. (2016)
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- 2017
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32. Suppressed charge recombination in inverted organic photovoltaics via enhanced charge extraction by using a conductive fullerene electron transport layer
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Huanxin Ju, Chu-Chen Chueh, Po-Wei Liang, Namchul Cho, David S. Ginger, Alex K.-Y. Jen, Chih Yu Chang, Yue Zang, and Chang-Zhi Li
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Electron transport layer ,Materials science ,Fullerene ,Organic solar cell ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Energy conversion efficiency ,Extraction (chemistry) ,Charge (physics) ,Mechanics of Materials ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,business ,Electrical conductor ,Recombination - Abstract
Conductive fullerene electron-transporting layers (ETLs) are developed to facilitate the solution processing of highly efficient inverted OSCs with power conversion efficiency (PCE) reaching 9.6%. Its high conductivity also allows devices to be fabricated independently of the ETL thickness (up to ca. 50 nm). Transient photovoltage (TPV) measurements are used to shed light on how these conductive ETLs help suppress charge recombination in solar cells.
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- 2014
33. Increased Risk of Major Depression in the Three Years following a Femoral Neck Fracture–A National Population-Based Follow-Up Study
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Shinn-Ying Ho, Chih Chi Ke, Li Ping Ciou, Yi Fan Liou, Hui Ling Huang, Yan-Ren Lin, Mei Chueh Yang, Chu Chung Chou, Hua Chin Lee, Wen-Liang Chen, and Chih Yu Chang
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Male ,Databases, Factual ,Epidemiology ,Orthopedic Surgery ,lcsh:Medicine ,Comorbidity ,Femoral Neck Fractures ,Risk Factors ,Medicine ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,lcsh:Science ,Prospective cohort study ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Psychiatry ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Hazard ratio ,Epidemiology of Aging ,Middle Aged ,Hospitalization ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Mental Health ,Female ,Public Health ,Research Article ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Clinical Research Design ,Population ,Taiwan ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,education ,Primary Care ,Femoral neck ,Lifecourse Epidemiology ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Mood Disorders ,lcsh:R ,medicine.disease ,Case-Control Studies ,Physical therapy ,lcsh:Q ,Surgery ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Femoral neck fracture is common in the elderly, and its impact has increased in aging societies. Comorbidities, poor levels of activity and pain may contribute to the development of depression, but these factors have not been well addressed. This study aims to investigate the frequency and risk of major depression after a femoral neck fracture using a nationwide population-based study. The Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database was used in this study. A total of 4,547 patients who were hospitalized for femoral neck fracture within 2003 to 2007 were recruited as a study group; 13,641 matched non-fracture participants were enrolled as a comparison group. Each patient was prospectively followed for 3 years to monitor the occurrence of major depression. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to compute the risk of major depression between members of the study and comparison group after adjusting for residence and socio-demographic characteristics. The most common physical comorbidities that were present after the fracture were also analyzed. The incidences of major depression were 1.2% (n = 55) and 0.7% (n = 95) in the study and comparison groups, respectively. The stratified Cox proportional analysis showed a covariate-adjusted hazard ratio of major depression among patients with femoral neck fracture that was 1.82 times greater (95% CI, 1.30-2.53) than that of the comparison group. Most major depressive episodes (34.5%) presented within the first 200 days following the fracture. In conclusion, patients with a femoral neck fracture are at an increased risk of subsequent major depression. Most importantly, major depressive episodes mainly occurred within the first 200 days following the fracture.
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- 2014
34. The post-resuscitative urinalysis associate the survival of patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
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Shih Chang Lai, Lan Hsin Wu, Wen-Liang Chen, Chao Jui Li, Chih Yu Chang, Chin Fu Chang, Chun Wen Chiu, Yung Chiao Yao, Mei Chueh Yang, Han Ping Wu, Chih Jan Ko, Tsung Han Teng, Yan-Ren Lin, and Chu Chung Chou
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Male ,Resuscitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinalysis ,lcsh:Medicine ,Urine ,Return of spontaneous circulation ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine ,Humans ,lcsh:Science ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Creatinine ,Multidisciplinary ,Proteinuria ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Emergency department ,Middle Aged ,Surgery ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,lcsh:Q ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest ,Research Article - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To analyze whether urine output and urinalysis results are predictive of survival and neurologic outcomes in patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: Information was obtained from 1,340 patients with non-traumatic OHCA who had achieved a sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Factors that were associated with survival in the post-resuscitative period were evaluated. The association between urine output and fluid challenge in the early resuscitative period was analyzed and compared between the survivors and the non-survivors. The results of the initial urinalysis, including the presence of proteinuria and other findings, were used to evaluate the severity of vascular protein leakage and survival. The association between proteinuria and the neurologic outcomes of the survivors was also analyzed. The clinical features of capillary leakage were examined during the post-resuscitative period. RESULTS: Of the 1,340 patients, 312 survived. A greater urine output was associated with a higher chance of survival. The initial urine output increased in proportion to the amount of fluid that was administered during early resuscitation in the emergency department for the survivors but not for the non-survivors (p
- Published
- 2013
35. An Initial Attack of Urinary Stone Disease Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Developing New-Onset Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Nationwide Population-Based Study
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Han-Ping Wu, Fei Hung Lin, Cheng Hsu Chen, Chin Fu Chang, Chih Yu Chang, Yan-Ren Lin, Wei Yuan Lei, and Jr Hau Wu
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Male ,Fibromyalgia ,Physiology ,Economics ,Sensory Physiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Disease ,Economic Geography ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Gastroenterology ,Cohort Studies ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Endocrinology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,lcsh:Science ,Connective Tissue Diseases ,Irritable bowel syndrome ,Aged, 80 and over ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Neurochemistry ,Neuromuscular Diseases ,Neurotransmitters ,Middle Aged ,Sensory Systems ,Neurology ,Somatosensory System ,Female ,Urinary Calculi ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Research Article ,Cohort study ,Adult ,Biogenic Amines ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrine Disorders ,Urinary system ,New onset ,03 medical and health sciences ,Signs and Symptoms ,Rheumatology ,Diagnostic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Demography ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Pain Sensation ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Increased risk ,Metabolic Disorders ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Osteoporosis ,lcsh:Q ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Follow-Up Studies ,Neuroscience - Abstract
BACKGROUND:The neurotransmitter pathways in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and urinary stone attacks are both related to serotonin, and each disease may be influenced by viscero-visceral hyperalgesia. However, the relationship between urinary tract stone disease and IBS has never been addressed. We aimed to investigate the risk of suffering new-onset IBS after an initial urinary stone attack using a nationwide database. METHODS:A study group enrolled a total of 13,254 patients who were diagnosed with an initial urinary stone attack; a comparison group recruited 39,762 matched non-urinary stone participants during 2003 and 2007. We followed each patient for 3 years to determine new-onset IBS. We also used Cox proportional hazards models to analyze the risk of IBS between the study and comparison groups after modified by demographics, residence, patient characteristics and personal histories. RESULTS:The occurrence rates of IBS were 3.3% (n = 440) and 2.6% (n = 1,034) respectively in the study and comparison groups. A covariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of IBS in the study group that was 1.28 times greater (HR = 1.29, 95% CI, 1.15-1.44) than that in the comparison group was showed in the stratified Cox proportional analysis. The adjusted HRs of IBS did not decrease after considering demographics and past histories. The majority of IBS (30.5%) occurred within the first 6 months after the stone attack. CONCLUSION:Patients with an initial urinary stone attack are at increased risk of developing new-onset IBS. The HRs of IBS did not decrease even after adjusting for patient demographics and past histories. Most importantly, 30.5% of IBS occurred within the first 6 months after the urinary stone attack.
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- 2016
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36. Low-temperature solution processable n–i–p perovskite solar cell
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Wei-Fang Su, Chih Yu Chang, and Cheng Ya Chu
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Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Energy conversion efficiency ,General Engineering ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Perovskite solar cell ,Heterojunction ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Hybrid solar cell ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Polymer solar cell ,0104 chemical sciences ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Solution process ,Perovskite (structure) - Abstract
Recently, the perovskite solar cells draw lots of attentions because of low cost, solution-processable and promising high efficiency. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) is rapidly reached to a certified value of 20.1%. However, the conventional electron transport layer (ETL) of the device needs to be sintered over 500 °C which is high energy-consumption process and cannot use on flexible substrate. Therefore, many research groups endeavor to develop low-temperature solution processable electron transport material in perovskite solar cells. In this review, we present systematic and critical discussions on the evolution of perovskite solar cells from meso-superstructure solar cells (MSSCs) to low-temperature solution processed planar heterojunction (PHJ) perovskite solar cells. This review will provide a guideline for the fabrication of high PCE perovskite solar cell using solution process at temperature of 150 °C or under, which has potential to achieve large scale fabrication by roll-to-roll technique for commercial products in near future.
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- 2016
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37. Combination of molecular, morphological, and interfacial engineering to achieve highly efficient and stable plastic solar cells
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Chih Yu Chang, Shih Hsiu Hung, Chia Hao Lee, Jhong Sian Wu, Yen-Ju Cheng, Chain-Shu Hsu, and Wei Shun Kao
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Organic electronics ,Materials science ,Morphology (linguistics) ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Spectrum Analysis ,Molecular electronics ,Hybrid solar cell ,Flexible electronics ,Active layer ,Electric Power Supplies ,Engineering ,Mechanics of Materials ,Solar Energy ,Optoelectronics ,Molecule ,General Materials Science ,business ,Interfacial engineering ,Plastics - Abstract
A flexible solar device showing exceptional air and mechanical stability is produced by simultaneously optimizing molecular structure, active layer morphology, and interface characteristics. The PFDCTBT-C8-based devices with inverted architecture exhibited excellent power conversion efficiencies of 7.0% and 6.0% on glass and flexible substrates, respectively.
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- 2011
38. A two-tier coordinated defense scheme against DDoS attacks
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Chin-Ling Chen and Chih-Yu Chang
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business.industry ,Network security ,Computer science ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,Application layer DDoS attack ,Denial-of-service attack ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Flooding (computer networking) ,The Internet ,business ,Queue ,computer ,Computer network - Abstract
Distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks can be regarded as the most serious threats for current Internet. This paper presents a two-tier coordination approach for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks. The first tier traffic filter (1st-TF) filters suspicious traffic for possible flooding. This is achieved by using proactive tests to identify and isolate the malicious traffic. The second tier traffic filter (2nd-TF), which is deployed on network routers, performs online monitoring on queue length status with RED/Droptail mechanism for any incoming traffic. The simulation shows that the scheme can detect attacks accurately and effectively.
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- 2011
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39. Measurement error analysis and calibration techniques for built-in jitter measurement circuit
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Chih-Ping Cheng, Kuo-Hsing Cheng, Chih-Yu Chang, and Jen-Chieh Liu
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Observational error ,Vernier scale ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Amplifier ,Clock rate ,Electrical engineering ,Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY ,Ring oscillator ,law.invention ,Process variation ,CMOS ,law ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic engineering ,business ,Jitter - Abstract
This paper proposes a 3 GHz built-in jitter measurement (BIJM) circuit to measure clock jitter on high-speed transceivers and SoC systems. The proposed BIJM circuit adopts a high timing resolution and self-calibration techniques and discusses the measurement error issues. The measurement error source is analyzed each block in BIJM. To eliminate process variation effects in 3 GHz systems, this study proposes an auto-calibration technique for the self-refereed circuit and other calibration techniques for the time amplifier (TA) and vernier ring oscillator (VRO). Because the vernier ring oscillator and time amplifier achieve a small timing resolution, the BIJM circuit does not need an additional jitter-free reference signal using the self-refereed circuit. This study fabricated the BIJM circuit using the UMC 90 nm CMOS process. The BIJM circuit measured the Gaussian distribution jitter at a 1.8 ps timing resolution with a 3 GHz input clock frequency.
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- 2011
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40. Surface morphology and recrystallization behavior of amorphous Si after ArF laser irradiation
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Yi-Ming Liu, Ta-Tung Chen, Chen Ying-Tung, Chun-Wei Lin, Choung-Lii Chao, Kung-Jen Ma, and Chih-Yu Chang
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Amorphous silicon ,Materials science ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,business.industry ,Fluence ,Amorphous solid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Carbon film ,Optics ,chemistry ,Thin-film transistor ,Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition ,Composite material ,Thin film ,business - Abstract
193nm-ArF excimer laser irradiation of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film has great potential on the production of poly-crystalline silicon (poly-Si) thin film transistor liquid crystal displays (TFT-LCDs). The main reason for applying poly-Si thin films instead of a-Si thin films on fabricating high performance electronics devices is due to its higher electron mobility, which is strongly influenced by the film's surface morphology, grain size, microstructure and defect density. The specimens used in this study have a 100 nm-thick a-Si thin films deposited on glass substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technique. The effects of annealing parameters, such as shot number, repetition rate and the fluence, on the surface morphology and recrystallization behaviour of a-Si thin films were investigated. The results showed that the threshold fluence of partial melting of a-Si thin films at 1Hz and single shot was around 150 mJ/cm 2 . Further increasing the fluence and shot numbers leads to the formation of microvoids trapped inside poly-Si film due to the evolution of hydrogen gas during the laser annealing process. The surface morphology formed during the recrystallization of amorphous Si thin films is found depending upon the laser fluence and shot numbers. The super-lateral grown (SLG) poly-Si grain can be obtained at the fluence around 190 mJ/cm 2 .
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- 2005
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41. Video summarization using hidden Markov model
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Chung-Lin Huang and Chih-Yu Chang
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business.industry ,Computer science ,Baseball game ,Speech recognition ,Shot (filmmaking) ,Feature extraction ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Pattern recognition ,Automatic summarization ,Database index ,Categorization ,Artificial intelligence ,Hidden Markov model ,business ,Content based retrieval - Abstract
This paper proposes a system to analyze and summarize the video shots of the baseball game TV program into fifteen categories. The system consists of three modules: feature extraction, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) training, and video shot categorization.
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- 2002
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42. Stretchable organic memory: toward learnable and digitized stretchable electronic applications
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Tai-Yuan Lin, Yi Xian Wang, Ya-Ping Hsieh, Yi Chuan Huang, Wei-Fang Su, Chih Yu Chang, Ying-Jay Yang, Yaoxuan Li, Bo Wei Ye, Yang-Fang Chen, Tzu Yao Lin, and Ying-Chih Lai
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Transistor ,Stretchable electronics ,Electronic skin ,Nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Organic memory ,law.invention ,Non-volatile memory ,law ,Modeling and Simulation ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,business - Abstract
A stretchable organic digital information storage device has been developed, which potentially advances the development of future smart and digital stretchable electronic systems. The stretchable organic memory with a buckled structure was configured by a mechanically flexible and elastic graphene bottom electrode and polymer compound. The current–voltage curve of the wrinkled memory device demonstrated electrical bistability with typical write-once-read-many times memory features and a high ON/OFF current ratio (∼105). Even under repetitive stretching, the stretchable organic memory exhibited excellent electrical switching functions and memory effects. We believe the first proof-of-concept presentation of the stretchable organic nonvolatile memory may accelerate the development of information storage device in various stretchable electronic applications, such as stretchable display, wearable computer and artificial skin. Stretchable and foldable electronic devices are very attractive, not only for their practicality but also for their potential in as-yet-undeveloped applications, such as artificial electronic skin. Now, Yang-Fang Chen from the National Taiwan University and co-workers have constructed a stretchable organic memory device. Although a variety of flexible organic electronic devices have already been built, which include transistors or solar cells, building stretchable memory devices has remained a challenge. This is because they typically contain a brittle metal electrode, and their fabrication also involves processes — such as spin coating — that are incompatible with flexible substrates. The researchers circumvented these issues by buckling both a graphene, rather than metallic, electrode and the active memory layers over a pre-stretched poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer. When the pre-strain was released, the materials adopted a wrinkled structure that endowed them with flexibility. The resulting device showed good electrical switching behavior and memory effects after several stretch/release cycles. A stretchable wrinkled organic memory has been successfully demonstrated. The stretchable organic memory with a graphene bottom electrode possesses rippled structures. The stretchable organic memory exhibits excellent electrical switching behaviors and memory effects even under repetitive stretching. It is believed that this stretchable organic memory may be beneficial for digital information storage in future stretchable electronic systems.
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- 2014
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43. A Two-Tier Coordination System against DDoS Attacks
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Chin-Ling Chen and Chih-Yu Chang
- Subjects
Engineering ,business.industry ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS ,General Engineering ,Denial-of-service attack ,business ,Queue ,Flooding (computer networking) ,Computer network - Abstract
We present a two-tier coordination approach for detecting and mitigating DDoS attacks. The first tier traffic filter (1st-TF) filters suspicious traffic for possible flooding. This is achieved by using proactive tests to identify and isolate the malicious traffic. The second tier traffic filter (2nd-TF), which is deployed on network routers, performs online monitoring on queue length status with RED/Droptail mechanism for any incoming traffic. The simulation shows that the scheme can detect attacks accurately and effectively.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
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44. Thermoelectric properties of electrically stressed Sb/Bi–Sb–Te multilayered films
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Chih-Yu Chang, Chien-Neng Liao, and Hsu-Shen Chu
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Electron mobility ,Materials science ,business.industry ,Metallurgy ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Hall effect ,Electrical resistivity and conductivity ,Sputtering ,Seebeck coefficient ,Thermoelectric effect ,Optoelectronics ,Electric current ,Thin film ,business - Abstract
Electrically stressed Bi–Sb–Te thin films have demonstrated markedly enhanced Hall mobility and moderately reduced carrier concentration. To lower electrical resistivity further, a Sb-inserted Bi–Sb–Te multilayer structure was prepared through consecutively sputtering Bi–Sb–Te and Sb layers followed by electric current stressing. The electrically stressed Sb/Bi–Sb–Te film demonstrates high carrier concentration and enhanced Hall mobility. We propose that the additional Sb supply suppresses electromigration-induced Sb depletion in crystal lattices, thus maintains high carrier concentration of the Bi–Sb–Te film. The presented approach provides a simple means to optimize thermoelectric properties of Bi–Sb–Te films.
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- 2010
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45. Increased risk of major depression subsequent to a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria in adolescence: a nationwide population-based study
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Han Ping Wu, Shinn-Ying Ho, Yan-Ren Lin, Chia Lun Kuo, Hua Chin Lee, Wen-Liang Chen, Chih Yu Chang, Chu Chung Chou, Chi Yen Chen, and Hui Ling Huang
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Urticaria ,Hazard ratio ,Taiwan ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Risk Factors ,immune system diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Major depression ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Survival analysis ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Retrospective Studies ,Pediatric ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Case-control study ,Retrospective cohort study ,Non-infection caused urticaria ,Rash ,Case-Control Studies ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Itching ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Non-infection caused urticaria is a common ailment in adolescents. Its symptoms (e.g., unusual rash appearance, limitation of daily activities, and recurrent itching) may contribute to the development of depressive stress in adolescents; the potential link has not been well studied. This study aimed to investigate the risk of major depression after a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria. Methods This study used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. A total of 5,755 adolescents hospitalized for a first-attack and non-infection caused urticaria from 2005 to 2009 were recruited as the study group, together with 17,265 matched non-urticarial enrollees who comprised the control group. Patients who had any history of urticaria or depression prior to the evaluation period were excluded. Each patient was followed for one year to identify the occurrence of depression. Cox proportional hazards models were generated to compute the risk of major depression, adjusting for the subjects’ sociodemographic characteristics. Depression-free survival curves were also analyzed. Results Thirty-four (0.6%) adolescents with non-infection caused urticaria and 59 (0.3%) non-urticarial control subjects suffered a new-onset episode of major depression during the study period. The stratified Cox proportional analysis showed that the crude hazard ratio (HR) of depression among adolescents with urticaria was 1.73 times (95% CI, 1.13-2.64) than that of the control subjects without urticaria. Moreover, the HR were higher in physical (HR: 3.39, 95% CI 2.77-11.52) and allergy chronic urticaria (HR: 2.43, 95% CI 3.18-9.78). Conclusion Individuals who have a non-infection caused urticaria during adolescence are at a higher risk of developing major depression.
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