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Lateral heel pain can have numerous causes and many of them are intra-articular pathologies of the anterior and posterior subtalar joint. Frequently, there is not a single pathology that account for the lateral heel pain and combination of different pathologies can occur. Symptomatic too-long anterior process of the calcaneus, sinus tarsi syndrome, and subtalar arthrofibrosis can be precipitated by repeated sprain. Cases recalcitrant to conservative treatment are indicated for surgery. The purpose of this Technical Note is to report a 2-portal arthroscopic approach to address these pathologies., Technique Video Video 1 Arthroscopic resection of too-long anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus, anterior subtalar synovectomy, debridement of the sinus tarsi, and posterior subtalar adhesiolysis of the left foot via anterolateral subtalar and dorsolateral midtarsal portals. The patient is in the lateral position. The anterolateral subtalar portal is the viewing portal and dorsolateral midtarsal portal is the working portal. Anterior subtalar synovectomy is performed. The anterior subtalar joint is traced distally to the TLAP lesion, which is then resected with an arthroscopic acromionizer. The arthroscope is switched to the dorsolateral midtarsal portal and the sinus tarsi is debrided with the arthroscopic shaver via the anterolateral midtarsal portal. The fibrotic posterior subtalar capsule is then resected followed by synovectomy. The fibrous tissue of the lateral and anterior recesses of the posterior subtalar joint is resected. The fibrous tissue between the articular surfaces is loosened with an arthroscopic probe and then resected with the shaver. Finally, the fibrous tissue of the posterior gutter is resected.

Ganglion is the most common soft tissue mass in the foot and can be painful and affect comfort wearing shoes. The usual treatment of a ganglion is conservative: careful neglect, manual rupture, or aspiration. When the lesion is recurrent or painful, surgical excision is recommended. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe the extraganglionic approach of endoscopic ganglionectomy of the extensor digitorum longus tendon. This surgery has the advantage of being minimally invasive and having better cosmetic result, with less surgical trauma to the soft tissue. Level of Evidence Level 1: foot and ankle; Level 2: other (ganglion)., Technique Video Video 1 Endoscopic ganglionectomy of the extensor digitorum longus tendon of the right foot: an extraganglionic approach. The patient is in a supine position. The distal portal is the viewing portal, and the superficial wall of the ganglion is fenestrated with an arthroscopic shaver, and the mucinous content of the ganglion is drained. The proximal part of the ganglion is then resected with the shaver with caution to preserve the extensor digitorum longus tendon and the extensor digitorum brevis muscle. After that, the arthroscope is switched to the proximal portal, and the distal part of the ganglion is resected by the shaver via the distal portal. After the procedure, the portal incisions are closed with simple dressing, and the compression dressing is applied.

Purpose This paper aims to unravel how the formation of Hong Kong citizenship intertwines with controversies over global citizenship, national identities and local identity in post-handover Hong Kong. It aims to engage the case study of Hong Kong to the academic dialogue surrounding global citizenship, especially its contested compatibility with national identities and various political communities. Design/methodology/approach The data of this paper came from the territory-wide survey data conducted by the Public Opinion Programme of the University of Hong Kong (HKUPOP). The study cleans the survey data from 2008 to 2018, performs various regression models and concludes the findings based on longitudinal analyses of the dataset. Findings Drawing upon the survey data from 2008 to 2018, this study shows that the identities of Hong Kong people, Chinese in general, ethnic Chinese and citizen of Chinese regime demonstrate varying compatibility to the identity of Global citizen. Such discrepancies are more pronounced when the data are broken down into the youth (aged 18-29) and the adults, and a temporal comparison was exercised before and after the Umbrella Movement in 2014. The identity of Global citizen is compatible to the local identity of Hong Kong people when comparing with its congruence with national identities. On the contrary, the statist national identity (citizen of People’s Republic of China) indicates the least level of compatibility with the notion of Global citizen in Hong Kong. Originality/value This paper unravels that the identity of global citizen could be more compatible with local identities at sub-national level than the national identities in Hong Kong. While scholarly deliberation of global citizenship contemplates on the moral and political responsibility beyond national interest, the case study of Hong Kong illustrates the multi-facets of national identities, and the local identity at sub-national level could have different compatibilities with the identity of global citizen. The findings could bring research implication to the studies of global citizenship.

Purpose This paper explicates news making process of social risks in the midst of inconclusive social facts and contested interpretation of social consequences. Specifically, the author aims to investigate how journalists perform the normative role of “Burglar Alarms” – raising social concern to risks and problems amid uncertainties stemming from risk society. Shedding light on the controversies of “tourism capacity” in Hong Kong, this study unravels how news discourses represented the social risks of “outnumbered” Chinese tourists amid ambiguous facts and questionable credibility of news sources. Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis of news discourses was represented in the press and in-depth interviews with journalists. Findings Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events. Originality/value Informed by the theory of risk society, this paper explores how journalists set out the “Burglar Alarms” of social risks by constructing social facts in the midst of questionable authorities and limited expert advice. Instead of relying on authoritative interpretation of social risks, journalists performed as the witnesses to the “reality” of social risks and problems, however selective and interpretative, to the audience. They also articulated to the general will of the people and selective representation of everyday life experience so as to justify their opinionated news angle and the pledge to news objectivity.

This paper revisits the socio-cultural impact of culture jamming, a practice which stems from social movement to derail mainstream values and corporate branding. Culture jamming aims to convey messages of social resistance by adding satirical and alternative cultural meaning to the icons representing corporate brands and social mainstream values. However, in view of the rise of social media networks and viral campaigns, culture jamming could paradoxically be incorporated by authorities and corporations for their own promotional purposes. By conducting textual and content analysis of a viral campaign in Hong Kong—a fictitious icon promoting life-saving by the Fire Services Department of Hong Kong government, this paper discusses the conditions which facilitate such mainstreaming incorporation of culture jamming. The study hopes to foster scholarly dialogue on the versatility of culture jamming across the fields of social movement and business branding.

Social crises are a huge challenge to the performance of the media. The norms and routines of news making with which journalists comply can become problematic in the context of intensive public sentiment and empathy. News values, including the sacred belief in objective reporting, are questioned in the light of controversies over editorial judgment within and outside the newsroom. I examine the contested news values that manifested in the Umbrella Movement of Hong Kong in 2014. In particular, I focus on the arguments and deliberations regarding news objectivity, which involved several parameters of the performance of the media during this social crisis.

This chapter demonstrates the vulnerability to social risks of varying social strata in Hong Kong. We consolidate and compare the income, occupational statistics and employment conditions vis-a-vis key economic indicators from 1993 to 2013. The study period covers several global economic crises with which Hong Kong significantly afflicted since its handover to China—notably the Asian financial storm (1998), the epidemic crisis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (2003), and the global financial tsunami (2008–09). Despite the recovery of Hong Kong’s economy since the aftermath of the financial tsunami, data show divergent employment conditions between the ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ throughout the study period. The findings are indicative of unequal vulnerability to social risks of different social strata. This study thus echoes to the scholarly dialogue surrounding risk society theory, in particular the unequal distribution of social risk to those with varying socio-economic conditions.

Large wikis such as Wikipedia attract large numbers of editors continuously editing content. It is difficult to observe what editing activity goes on at any given moment, what editing patterns can be observed, and which are the currently active editors and articles. We introduce the design and implementation of an information visualization tool for data streams of recent changes in wikis that aims to address this difficulty. We also show examples of our visualizations from English Wikipedia, and present several patterns of editing activity that we have visually identified using our tool. We have evaluated our tool’s usability, accuracy and speed of task performance in comparison with Wikipedia’s recent changes page, and have obtained qualitative feedback from users on the pros and cons of our tool. We also present a review of the related literature.

Large wikis such as Wikipedia attract large numbers of editors continuously editing content. It is difficult to observe what editing activity goes on at any given moment, what editing patterns can be observed, and which are the currently active editors and articles. We introduce the design and implementation of an information visualization tool for streaming data on recent changes in wikis that aims to address this difficulty, show examples of our visualizations from English Wikipedia, and present several patterns of editing activity that we can visually identify using our tool.

In this paper, we studied the semantic consistency maintenance issue between heterogeneous contexts, that is, how a firm' business process of one e-marketplace can be transformed to another firm's business process of another e-marketplace in a semantically consistent way. The proposed solution of this paper uses XML Product Map (XPM) of collaborative concept to represent semantically consistent business processes, and adopts common action concept pool and XPM documents to design heterogeneous business processes that are suitable for heterogeneous business process transformation. We motivated the approach with a real-world PVC poncho trade problem and explained it in architecture of collaborative process design and automatic service provision. We reported the implementation specification within a hybrid human-agent framework, where four layers of system modules are specified. The approach is evaluated based on a new semantic impact chain method particularly for evaluating concept consistency in meaning representation between heterogeneous contexts of business processes.

In this paper we study the semantic consistency maintenance issue between heterogeneous contexts, that is, how an inquiry from an unknown user of an e-marketplace can be received and answered in a semantically consistent way by a firm that is not in the context of the userpsilas e-marketplace. The proposed solution uses XPM to represent semantically consistent business concepts and adopts defeasible logic to reason with XPM document-oriented business rules for inquiring and offering. We motivate the approach with a real-world apartment rental problem, and explain it in architecture of collaborative business process design and automatic service provision. Finally, we report on an implementation specification within a hybrid human-agent framework.