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Spent Claus catalysts are used as raw materials in Portland cement production and are shown to offer environmental benefits as they help address cement waste management, thus reducing operational costs. Details on the strength, burnability and other properties of spent Claus catalysts as investigated in Saudi Arabia are discussed.

Use of titania catalysts can often be justified when higher sulphur recovery is required. Over the past couple of years new titania-based Claus catalysts have been introduced. Lisa Connock reports [...]

A catalytic process developed at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, for oxidizing moist SO(sub.2) to produce sulfuric acid is discussed. This novel process, which goes to completion at 25 degrees Celsius, uses an activated carbon catalyst. A solvent is used after that to recover H(sub.2)SO(sub.4) and industrial solvents from the oxidation product. The reaction rate seems to be several hundred times that of the vanadia catalysts process at 300-400 degrees Celsius.

Extensive troubleshooting experience shows what methods are most successful The correct selection of wash-zone internals can aid in the operation of a heavy oils fractionator. Mistakes in the process design [...]

New linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) resins are reducing the cost and are boosting the performance of stretch films in the global markets. Each new LLDPE family uses a specific advance in technology, tapping into single-site and metallocene-catalyzed PE, while others draw on Ziegler-Natta catalysts and higher alpha olefin comonomers. A variety of processes are being utilized by an effort to fine-tune the properties and cost balance of grades of new LLDPEs. Some of the most promising LLDPEs for stretch films include Elite's Enhanced PE, the gas-phased-process M-LLDPE from Exxon Chemicals, Super-C6 LLDPEs of Mobil Polymers and Phillips 66's loop-slurry M-LLDPE.

Lyondell Petrochemical Co. got a sheaf of major single-site patents when it bought the polyethylene production side of Occidental Petroleum in May 1995. The patents were applied for by Occidental Petroleum but was awarded to Lyondell Petrochemical after the sale. The patents included at least two new classes of single-site catalyst based on hetero-atom ligands. One is fully non-metallocene, based on bora-benzene rings, and used with zirconium and other metals. Other more novel hetero-atom ligands used materials previously unsuspected of having catalytic properties.

Petroleum refineries are experimenting with the use of catalysts for metals passivation in the fluid catalytic cracking process. For instance, Phillips Petroleum Co. increased yield after using an antimony-based passivator in its 190,000 b/d refinery. Intervep SA also used a metal-trap catalyst at the Corpoven SA refinery in Venezuela. Details of these tests and others were presented at an Akzo Nobel symposium on catalysts in the Netherlands in Jun 1994., The fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process has been the focus of much catalyst research in recent years. The resulting improvements in metals passivation and catalyst-pore accessibility have been confirmed in [...]

It is believed that catalysts can lead to better product yields and faster reactions. These catalysts are essential tools in the arsenal of the process chemist, because they allow reactions to be carried out more quickly. The syntheses of pharmaceutical intermediates often depend on catalytic reactions.

Fierce competition exists between catalyst manufacturers to produce ever more efficient and economical LTS catalysts. In this article we report on the latest generation of catalysts, which offer advantages such [...]

Virtually all sulphuric acid production capacity is based on the contact process, which relies on a catalyst to enhance the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide. This article describes [...]

New-generation SRU catalysts are more active, more durable Sulphur is present in some measure in most, though not all, natural gas, petroleum and coal. In natural gas it occurs almost [...]

Thanks to coal characteristics and current boiler designs (notably tangential firing), Indian coal plants achieve relatively low N[O.sub.x] levels. However, regulations are going to get tighter. Staging may cause problems [...]

In today's challenging business environment, it is important to understand how catalyst performance affects the cost of ammonia production. In order to determine the effects of aging front-end ammonia plant [...]

This article discusses innovative ideas for the development of novel ligands and catalysts used in organic and organometallic reactions. Data demonstrate designing a planar-chiral derivative of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine and heterocyclic chiral ligands for transition metals.

Technological advances in single-site metallocene catalysts have led to the development of innovative olefin compositions and properties that yield cost-effective and performance benefits akin to those offered by flexible PVC. A study on metallocene catalysts indicate that they produce extremely high yields of autoclavable, high-clarity elastomers, enable a variety of monomers to be polymerized and enable excellent control over structure.

Syncrude Sweet Blend crude oil is produced by upgrading Athabasca oil sands bitumen. The way of upgrading product quality includes thermal cracking and hydrocracking of bitumen, and hydrotreating of cracked [...]

Byline: Rakoczy, R. A. Morse, P. M. Diesel engines rely on effective dispersion of fuel to ensure efficient combustion. In cold weather regions, maintaining the fluidity flow of fuels can [...]

Byline: Poorkar, H. Shbrain, H. Al-Harbi, S. Al-Saeed, A. To realize full activity from polymerization catalysts, feed streams need to be as clean as possible from all contaminants and catalyst [...]

Ask Norbert Jagers about Resins' position as a worldwide leader in resin technology, and the manager of Technology, Resins, in Europe replies with a smile, 'We Dutch are very modest.' [...]

Recent catalyst technology breakthroughs could provide alternative to flaring or installing re-injection About 2,500 tcf of proved natural gas, roughly half of all proven reserves, is being left in the [...]

Leas Industrial Associates has developed a catalytic process that improves the efficiency and economics of fuel gasification. The technique, which utilizes a catalyst, synthesis coal and superheated air-carbon dioxide, reduces the temperature of the gasification process while retaining the advantages of the process which include efficient operation, fuel flexibility, low emissions and a reduction in the dependence on natural gas and oil. The use of the catalyst has the added advantage of allowing for the almost complete recovery of hot residual particulates., Gasification of coal has been used all over the world for many years. Today, the need for clean and efficient coal-fired power generation has stimulated the development of advanced gasification [...]

Catalysts for automotive exhaust systems have experienced many changes since their introduction in 1975. Automobile manufacturers rely on catalysts to meet emission standards imposed by the Clean Air Act and future amendments. An area being explored is the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions in lean combustion environments. This scheme has the the potential to improve fuel economy since engine operation in lean stoichiometry have greater combustion efficiency and power output.

BASF and Lurgi have carried out a test programme in a pilot plant at Hoechst, Germany, using a caesium-promoted sulphuric acid catalyst to process relatively high-S|O.sub.2~ and low-oxygen feed gas. [...]

Byline: Britto, J. M. Reboucas, M. V. Bessa, I. What are the sources, impacts and possible solutions to controlling this problem in your hydrotreater? Using new upstream technologies and diversified [...]

The most common catalysts used during the transesterification reaction in the production of biodiesel are homogeneous strong bases, for example, sodium or potassium hydroxides. The use of homogenous acid catalysts, [...]

Changes in bed support maintain lower pressure drop across shift reactor in ammonia processes [TABLE OMITTED] Low pressure drop in the front end of an ammonia plant saves energy needed [...]

A new family of polyethylenes, made with new catalysts, is being sampled by Exxon Chemical Co., Houston, to about 50 plastics processors for specialty applications from blends and coextruded cast [...]

One of the most common limitations associated with biodiesel production is the creation of free fatty acids (FFA) during the transesterification process, which subsequently react with the alkali catalysts to [...]

New catalytic pretreatment process removes troublesome olefinic materials, thus improving quality of aromatic streams [TABLE OMITTED] In a typical petrochemical facility using an adsorption process for paraxylene separation and a [...]

THE PROBLEM of what to do with carbon dioxide is a pressing one, given the link with global warming. Most solutions focus on storage and capture, but what if the [...]

Some equipment managers are breathing easy about their rate of diesel consumption after equipping engines with a new fuel catalyst. The catalyst helps diesel fuel systems burn diesel more efficiently, [...]

New Orleans -- With U.S. EPA now admitting here that it won't have a final rule for non-road diesel fuel until mid-to-late-2003, that means refiners will have a scant three [...]

New Orleans -- Hitting U.S. EPA's tough 'Tier 2' light duty vehicle emissions standards phasing-in from 2004 would seem impossible with a lean-NOx catalyst, since NOx cats have only been [...]

The status on known health benefits. It seems nary a day goes by without some new information about phytochemicals being reported in the media. Consumers are growing increasingly aware of [...]

It is believed that Nickel EnCat technology is proving to be cost-effective in simplifying process work-up for pharmaceutical production at scale. The Ni Encat has been moving through trials at a major pharmaceutical player in preparation for bulk scale production of high-volume active pharmaceutical ingredient.