Search

Without using any interfacial passivation layers, high- κ dielectric Y 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and Ga 2 O 3 (Gd 2 O 3 ) [GGO], by electron beam evaporation in ultra-high-vacuum (UHV), have been directly deposited on Ge substrate. Comprehensive investigations have been carried out to study the oxide/Ge interfaces chemically, structurally, and electronically: hetero-structures of all the studied oxides on Ge are highly thermally stable with annealing to 500 °C, and their interfaces remain atomically sharp. The electrical analyses have been conducted on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices, i.e. MOS capacitors (MOSCAPs) and MOS field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs). Dielectrics constants of the Y 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , and GGO have been extracted to be ∼17, 20, and 13–15, respectively, indicating no interfacial layer formation with 500 °C annealing. A low interfacial density of states ( D it s), as low as 3 × 10 11 cm −2 eV −1 , has been achieved for GGO/Ge near mid-gap along with a high Fermi-level movement efficiency as high as 80%. The GGO/Ge pMOSFETs with TiN as the metal gate have yielded very high-performances, in terms of 496 μA/μm, 178 μS/μm, and 389 cm 2 /V s in saturation drain current density, maximum transconductance, and effective hole mobility, respectively. The gate width and gate length of the MOSFET are 10 μm and 1 μm.

Presents a mathematical model to simulate the human cardiovascular responses to lower body negative pressure (LBNP) up to -40 mmHg. The basal (initial) blood volume status, which includes the total blood volume and the initial blood volume distribution is the central determinant of the cardiovascular responses to LBNP and has not been included in previous models. Thus, the cardiovascular response to LBNP was regarded as an initial value problem in which the blood volume status and physiological parameters were regarded as initial conditions. When LBNP is applied to the model, the model tracks the blood volume status and physiological parameters from the initial steady state to the final steady state. Results from the model compared favorably with data from the LBNP literature.

The advanced energy research is vital on national strategic level of Taiwan and pursued by College of Engineering of National Tsing Hua University, top tier higher education and research institution in the country. The current paper introduces the major research in this regard and crowned by the grant of National Energy Project recently approved. The solar and wind energy are adopted for the innovative “Air Power City” utilizing compressed air energy of zero-emission to substitute the common petrochemical energy from gasoline. Wind turbines and sterling engines are examined to convert the wind power and solar power to mechanical energy. For solar energy, film deposit by sputtering with a quaternary CIGS compound target is studied to meet the requirement for mass production, large deposition area and high throughput for commercial purposes. A vertical type of small wind turbine blades integrates the specialties to develop key components of composite material wind turbine as well as the high performance converter. The effective system integration is explored to reduce the overall cost and enhance performance. The next-generation electrochemical supercapacitors more advanced than the EDLCs in both energy and power densities are being developed utilizing double-layer and faradaic capacitances. Enhancement of energy efficiency by recycling energy waste is often practiced for the high-temperature industrial waste heat, while the low-temperature waste heat is hardly reused but dumped into the environment. Thermoelectric generator (TEG) converts heat into electricity when a temperature difference exists across the TEG module, and is considered perfectly suitable for low-temperature waste heat harvesting. A prototype generating 300 watts at 12 volts with a temperature difference of 150 °C will be demonstrated. Finally, the CO 2 reduction is endeavored including the capture by chemical absorption, physical adsorption, chemical looping process, and conversion of CO 2 into energy products.

The infusion of the hypertonic 7.5% NaCl solution stimulates the afferent vagal innervation of the lungs. In order to verify if this reflex elicits any respiratory mechanical alterations, normovolemic (n = 18) and hypovolemic (n = 18) (20 ml of shed blood/kg) guinea pigs were studied. The animals were assigned to groups of nine receiving either isotonic 0.9% NaCl or hypertonic 7.5% NaCl solutions (4 ml/kg body weight). Passive respiratory system elastance (Ers) and the maximal value of the resistance (Rrsmax) were measured. The latter was further partitioned into its minimal value (Rrsu) using the constant flow inflation method. Ers, Rrsmax, Rrsmin, and Rrsu were measured before and at 0, 2, 5, 10, and 15 minutes following the infusion. The results showed that both isotonic and hypertonic solutions, at the given volume rate, caused no significant alterations of respiratory mechanics in normovolemic and hypovolemic animals.