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A roll cage is a structural framework of an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) which provides three-dimensional protection to the driver in case of sudden impact or rollover accidents and also to mount the various subsystems of the vehicle. Engineering world expects to satisfy the levied rules with substantiated quality of ATV which is compact in design, minimal members, lightweight, and high strength. The dynamically well-balanced ATV requires improvement of weldment strength and fatigue life of roll cage members to protect the driver and overcome terrain impacts. The objective of this work is to formulate a conceptual design using Solidworks and analysis by using Ansys for defined constraints like front, side, rear, and rollover impact on the roll cage of material of duplex S32205 steel with completion of weldment post-processing methods. The analysed set of data inputs experimentally made weld joint by Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding under optimal process parametric condition and test on weldment is conducted for this study. This work involves post-processing method in which we accomplished good strength by utilizing the technique of shot peening where the small spherical shots were bombarded on the welded joints. As an outcome, we had achieved considerable decrease in residual compressive stresses on the weldment areas and increased its surface as well as fatigue strength. Before the strengthening techniques were put through, the weldment areas were spotted for inducting the shot peening method that enhances its strength further. To ensure the definiteness, test trials were done and value sets were taken for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on optimal model with appropriate material. This proposed work provides the well-studied and optimal design approach on ATV roll cage to improve its acceleration by better weight reduction and enriched strength ratio for a long duration. Therefore, the weldment of roll cage which is shot peened has the better strength than that of unpeened sample.

Disease prediction through gene is a challenging task. Researchers have proposed algorithms to identify disease from genes. Traditional algorithms prioritize through annotation and combines the structures in biological process or molecular functions and compared with annotations of known disease genes for classification. Pediatric Cardiomyopathy is a disease due to disorder in heart muscle and identification at early stage is a challenging problem. In this paper, the above problem solves through Window Based Correlation (WBC). In WBC, Global data is reduced to spatial data using block reduction technique. After Data reduction, strong relationship analysis between the genes is identified through RMSE values between the genes. This RMSE values helps to detect the pediatric cardiomyopathy at early stage using Window based correlation method. From the results, ablation study proves an accuracy of prediction is about 85%.

Background: Airborne dust plays a major part in the overall atmospheric pollution and motor vehicle emissions constitute the most significant source of ultra particle in urban environment. Traffic related air pollution is an occupational health hazard to individuals who work close to traffic. Objectives: To assess the impact of dust and traffic related air pollution on pulmonary functions of the exposed, non-smoking road side shopkeepers at busy traffic congested areas and to compare with age and sex matched non-smoking shop keepers from residential localities. Materials & Method: Cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 healthy adults aged 20-40years. 30 shopkeepers exposed to dust and traffic pollution residing nearer to busy road-crossings of Vijayapura city. Control group is 30 age and sex matched non-smoking, non-exposed healthy subjects who are working in shops away from the road traffic pollution. Anthropometric parameters, Physiological Parameters, Pulmonary function test were recorded in both control and subjects using standard techniques. Statistical analysis is done using SPSS. Results: We observed a significant reduction of FVC [subjects-2.63+0.40,control- 2.63+0.40,(p=0.03)] and FEV1 [subjects-2.47+0.59,control- 1.75+0.42,(p=0.000)] and an insignificant reduction of PEFR [subjects- 506.00+34.07,control-488.66+27.89,(p=0.610)] among the road side shopkeepers. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate the possibility of impaired lung function or obstructive lung disorders among the shopkeepers exposed to higher traffic pollution.

The vascular access is considered as Achilles heel of a successful maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) program. Although it is ideal to initiate the dialysis through arteriovenous fistula (AVF), many of the patients start initiation through central venous catheters which predispose them later to multiple access complications. Also, as the elderly population has poor vasculature to support AVF, many of them end up exhausting all upper limb vascular accesses. As a result, there are a group of MHD patients with difficulty in using upper limb vascular access secondary to multiple access failure who are otherwise unable to switch to another modality of renal replacement therapy completely and have to rely on lower limb vascular access as a last resort to sustain life. We would like to share our experience on lower limb vascular access in our institute. The three types of lower limb vascular accesses include lower limb AVF, lower limb AV graft, and tunneled femoral vein catheter as illustrated in three patients with a successful utilization in sustaining life.

One of the major challenges researchers face in the field of earthquake geotechnical engineering in India is the high cost of laboratory infrastructure. Developing a reliable and low cost experimental set up is attempted in this research. The paper details the design and development of a uniaxial shake table and the data acquisition system with accelerometers and pore water pressure sensors which can be used for liquefaction studies.

The operating temperature of electronic devices plays a vital role in its durability of operation. When the electronic chip surface temperature increases beyond threshold limit, it undergoes breakd...

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly infectious viral disease of swine. This disease is becoming threat to pig industry of every corner of the world. As the status of this disease in Nepal is not properly understood so far, a cross-sectional sero-prevalence study was carried out in four development regions. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from major pig producing areas of eight districts of four development regions of Nepal and the serum samples were tested for antibodies against PRRS virus by rapid antibody detection kit (Immunochromatographic test using colloidal gold immunoassay: Schenzhen Lvshiyuan biotechnology Co. Ltd, China). Among the tested serum samples, 37 were found to be positive for PRRS indicating 18.5% prevalence of the disease. Statistically the prevalence difference was significant between different development regions and between topographical regions (P

The role of extracorporeal therapies for poisoning is expanding in the present days with technological advances and increased awareness among physicians attending critically ill patients both intensivists and nephrologists. In this regard we present our experience on hemoperfusion in poisonings over a period of 5 years. A total of 6 patients were treated with hemoperfusion during this period with majority of them were due to antiepileptic drugs (phenytoin, phenobarbitone, carbamazepine) followed by paraquat (a weedicide).The age range is from 19-59 years with a mean age of 31.3 years and male: female ratio of 1:1. Coming to the clinical presentation, 3 of them presented with unconsciousness, one with altered sensorium and two of them with vomiting associated with oliguria and breathlessness. Five of the six (83.3%) required ventilatory support during the hospital stay. The total number of hemoperfusion sessions required was 10, with an average of 1.6 sessions per patient. The average number of hemodialysis sessions required was 2.3 sessions per patient. Only one patient developed procedure related complication of thrombocytopenia related oral bleeding which subsided with supportive therapy and no further hemoperfusion. Four out of six patients (66.6 %) recovered while 33.4 % expired and both the patients who expired consumed paraquat poisoning. In conclusion hemoperfusion has a significant role in the management of certain poisonings which would reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with these poisonings.

Vehicular adhoc networks are a subset of mobile adhoc networks. This forms wireless network between vehicles for better communications and to break away from the hindrance caused by attackers. Various security architectures and methods are proposed. In this paper, we focused on the survey for various security issues and preventive methods from works for vanets

This paper provides the study of a new emerging energy technology. In order to provide clean and reliable power, the renewable and non — renewable power resources has to integrate as a microgrid. The integrated system comprises distributed generation units, power storage units, electrical loads and control systems for an efficient management, the management system of a microgrid must provide a better control for both voltage and frequency in order to manage the grid and will protect the loads. Therefore, the power electronic interfacing modules are playing the major role in the integration of distributed generation units and microgrids. The power generation details of different distribution units, an existing control and architecture of a microgrid and the comparison of control methods which adopted with the grid system also provided in this study.

Introduction: Stresses generated during root canal instrumentation have been reported to cause apical cracks. The smaller, less pronounced defects like cracks can later propagate into vertical root fracture, when the tooth is subjected to repeated stresses from endodontic or restorative procedures. Aim: This study evaluated occurrence of apical cracks with stainless steel hand files, rotary NiTi RaCe and K3 files at two different instrumentation lengths. Materials and Methods: In the present in vitro study, 60 mandibular premolars were mounted in resin blocks with simulated periodontal ligament. Apical 3 mm of the root surfaces were exposed and stained using India ink. Preoperative images of root apices were obtained at 100x using stereomicroscope. The teeth were divided into six groups of 10 each. First two groups were instrumented with stainless steel files, next two groups with rotary NiTi RaCe files and the last two groups with rotary NiTi K3 files. The instrumentation was carried out till the apical foramen (Working Length-WL) and 1 mm short of the apical foramen (WL-1) with each file system. After root canal instrumentation, postoperative images of root apices were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative images were compared and the occurrence of cracks was recorded. Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the results. Results: Apical root cracks were seen in 30%, 35% and 20% of teeth instrumented with K-files, RaCe files and K3 files respectively. There was no statistical significance among three instrumentation systems in the formation of apical cracks (p=0.563). Apical cracks were seen in 40% and 20% of teeth instrumented with K-files; 60% and 10% of teeth with RaCe files and 40% and 0% of teeth with K3 files at WL and WL-1 respectively. For groups instrumented with hand files there was no statistical significance in number of cracks at WL and WL-1 (p=0.628). But for teeth instrumented with RaCe files and K3 files significantly more number of cracks were seen at WL than WL-1 (p=0.057 for RaCe files and p=0.087 for K3 files). Conclusion: There was no statistical significance between stainless steel hand files and rotary files in terms of crack formation. Instrumentation length had a significant effect on the formation of cracks when rotary files were used. Using rotary instruments 1 mm short of apical foramen caused lesser crack formation. But, there was no statistically significant difference in number of cracks formed with hand files at two instrumentation levels.

The characterization of a closed-cell aluminum foam with the trade name Alporas is carried out here under compression loading for a nominal cross-head speed of 1 mm/min. Foam samples in the form of cubes are tested in a UTM and the average stress-strain behavior is obtained which clearly displays a plateau strength of approximately 2 MPa. It is noted that the specific energy absorption capacity of the foam can be high despite its low strength which makes it attractive as a material for certain energy-absorbing countermeasures. The mechanical behavior of the present Alporas foam is simulated using cellular (i.e. so-called microstructure-based) and solid element-based finite element models. The efficacy of the cellular approach is shown, perhaps for the first time in published literature, in terms of prediction of both stress-strain response and inclined fold formation during axial crush under compression loading. Keeping in mind future applications under impact loads, limited results are presented when foam samples are subjected to low velocity impact in a drop-weight test set-up.

Memory loss is a common problem found among old people, the person may forget mealtime altogether due to memory loss. This paper proposes an idea for a monitoring system which will monitor the old people food intake from a remote place and generate an alarm locally. A wearable system is designed usingpiezoelectric sensor that will sense the trachea movement during food ingestion and produces an output signal with variations in the frequencies over time. Based on the detected frequency, food type is classified. Food classification algorithm is depends on Time-Frequency analysis of the piezoelectric output and the wearable design transmits the signals to PC via Bluetooth module. The received signal is processed by LabVIEW and accuracy is tested.

Background/Objectives: Privacy preservation in data mining to hold back the sensitive data from attackers. Findings: There are various existing methods available to preserve the data like perturbation, anonymization, randomization etc., each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The trade-off between security and utility of data should be handled with standardizing methods for the PPDM. In this paper explained a method based on PPDM in data mining using cluster based greedy method. Application/Improvements: This method can be applied in sensitive data areas such as hospitals, Customer Management System, government survey, etc., where there is need for privacy preservation.

New generation autonomous vehicles use different data fusion techniques to solve the Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) problems in urban terrains. However, the majority of the implementations uses high-cost sensors like LIDAR to obtain a high accuracy map. In this paper, we present a method to solve this problem using sequences of stereo images. Our approach uses Local Intensity Order Pattern (LIOP) based feature descriptors to overcome the problem of monotonic intensity changes and affine transformations of detected features. Ego-motion of the vehicle is estimated using correspondence of features on the consecutive frames. Estimated motion parameters are then corrected using an extended Kalman filter. Depth of the detected features is calculated using stereo triangulation. Mahalanobis distance is used to avoid outliers in the detected features. The accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated using the measurements from a high accurate inertial navigation system. Method is tested using the odometry data set of the KITTI Vision Benchmark Suite.

A large injection-molding company was incurring customer dissatisfaction because of warping in its computer keyboard product. The warpage was a blot on the manufacturer's ability to engineer the manufacturing process. The level of rework caused by warp..

Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus. The virus interferes with the function of the liver while replicating in hepatocytes. It is a major global health problem and the most serious type of viral hepatitis. Chronic liver disease is caused by viral hepatitis and putting people at high risk of death from cirrhosis of the liver and liver cancer. Medical information available is extensive and which is utilized by the clinical specialists. The ranging of information is from details of clinical symptoms to various types of biochemical data. Information provided by each data is evaluated and assigned to a particular pathology during the diagnostic process. Artificial intelligence methods especially computer aided diagnosis and artificial neural networks can be employed to streamline the diagnostic process. These adaptive learning algorithms can handle diverse types of medical data and integrate them into categorized outputs. Artificial neural networks are finding many uses in the medical diagnosis application. In this paper we have proposed a Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) based expert system for the diagnosis of the hepatitis B virus disease. The system classifies each patient into infected and non-infected. If infected then how severe it is in terms of intensity rate.

Aim and objectives To evaluate the effect of 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 3% hydrogen peroxide on shear bond strength of composite resin to dentin using two-step and onestep self-etch bonding systems and to study the mode of failure of specimens under stereomicroscope. Materials and methods Eighty extracted sound human posterior teeth were used. The occlusal surfaces were ground to expose the dentin and were then randomly divided into 4 main groups. In group I, no cavity disinfectant was used and served as control. In groups II, III, IV, 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide were used as cavity disinfectants respectively. Each group was then divided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each according to the bonding agent used, two-step self-etch (Adper SE Plus) and one-step self-etch (Adper Easy One) respectively. A transparent cylindrical plastic tube was loaded with microhybrid composite and placed over the dentin and light cured for 40 seconds. The specimens were subjected to shear stress in the universal testing machine. Results Pretreatment with 2% chlorhexidine, 2% sodium hypochlorite and 3% hydrogen peroxide, had a negative effect on the shear bond strength of self-etching bonding systems. Conclusion The highest bond strength was found in 2% chlorhexidine group followed by 2% sodium hypochlorite group and the lowest bond strength was found in 3% hydrogen peroxide group. Clinical significance All three cavity disinfectants used in this study reduced the shear bond strength and hence should be used with caution. How to cite this article Reddy MSC, Mahesh MC, Bhandary S, Pramod J, Shetty A. Evaluation of Effect of Different Cavity Disinfectants on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resin to Dentin using Two-Step Self-Etch and One-Step Self-Etch Bonding Systems: A Comparative in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(2):275-280.

In today's fast moving life, with everyone involved in the busy schedule, least attention is given towards one's own personal health. The health condition does not come to the notice until it goes alarming. By that time, they are vulnerable to serous risks. So it is advisable to continuously monitor one's own health so that preventing that serious condition is better than treating it. But continuous monitoring is not that feasible as visits to the clinic and getting tested consumes a lot of their working time. Only if the continuous monitoring could be done at ease, things will get a lot better. So, considering all these factors, the idea of monitoring at home could be offered in hand. This device incorporates electrical circuits that continuously measure the vital body parameters like the heart rate, temperature and the oxygen content in blood and also the concerned person is alerted if the condition goes abnormal.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of direct and indirect technique, bevel placement, and aging on the fracture resistance of composite restorations bonded to sectioned incisal edges. Materials and Methods: Incisal thirds of 80 human maxillary incisors were sectioned. Four treatment groups of 20 teeth each were formed as follows: Direct composite with bevel and without bevel (Adper single bond 2/Filtek Z350); indirect composite with bevel and without bevel (prepolymerized Filtek Z350 cemented with Adper single bond 2/Relay × ARC). Ten teeth from each group were stored in distilled water for 24 h. The remaining ten teeth were stored in distilled water for 180 days with two thermocycling treatments. The specimens were subjected to shear testing using universal testing machine. Fractured specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope at ×10 magnification to evaluate the failure patterns. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA, Bonferroni test, and Student's t-test. Results: Beveled restorations exhibited higher fracture resistance values than nonbeveled restorations. Long-term water storage decreased the fracture resistance. Conclusion: The use of bevels resulted in improved fracture resistance of composite restorations and reduced the impact of aging.