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1. PO-1744 An Italian project for dosimetry audits in radiotherapy

Author

P. Martucci, M. Stasi, Christian Fiandra, Maria Pimpinella, S. Russo, C. Pugliatti, V. De Coste, P. De Felice, and Marco D’Arienzo

Subjects
Radiation therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, Oncology, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Dosimetry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Medical physics, Hematology, Audit, business
Published
2021

2. Fabrication, characterization and testing of silicon photomultipliers for the Muon Portal Project

Author

Sergio Billotta, Giusy Valvo, Francesco Riggi, P. La Rocca, Giuseppe Romeo, G. Santagati, S. Garozzo, Danilo Bonanno, C. Pugliatti, Giorgio Fallica, A. A. Blancato, Giovanni Bonanno, Davide Marano, and D. Lo Presti

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scintillation, Muon tomography, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, STRIPS, Scintillator, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, Electronics, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

The Muon Portal is a recently started Project aiming at the construction of a large area tracking detector that exploits the muon tomography technique to inspect the contents of traveling cargo containers. The detection planes will be made of plastic scintillator strips with embedded wavelength-shifting fibres. Special designed silicon photomultipliers will read the scintillation light transported by the fibres along the strips and a dedicated electronics will combine signals from different strips to reduce the overall number of channels, without loss of information. Different silicon photomultiplier prototypes, both with the p-on-n and n-on-p technologies, have been produced by STMicroelectronics during the last years. In this paper we present the main characteristics of the silicon photomultipliers designed for the Muon Portal Project and describe the setup and the procedure implemented for the characterization of these devices, giving some statistical results obtained from the test of a first batch of silicon photomultipliers.

Published
2015

3. Status and first results of the NEMO Phase-2 tower

Author

C. Pugliatti, C. D'Amato, Antonio Capone, Maurizio Spurio, F. C. T. Barbato, Valeria Sipala, V. D'Amato, M. Taiuti, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, C. Hugon, Emanuele Leonora, V. De Luca, E. Barbarito, A. Martini, B. Bouhadef, Alessandro Lonardo, V. Flaminio, Piero Vicini, N. Deniskina, Francesco Caruso, R. Coniglione, Francesco Simeone, Fabrizio Ameli, A. Miraglia, S. Biagi, Luigi Antonio Fusco, G. Cacopardo, M. J. Costa, M. Calamai, M. Anghinolfi, G. C. Barbarino, M. Mongelli, E. Migneco, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, C. Perrina, L. Trasatti, Sebastiano Aiello, Paolo Sapienza, D. Lo Presti, M. G. Pellegriti, G. Grella, P. Litrico, C. Distefano, A. Trovato, F. Speziale, Cristiano Bozza, Carlo Ventura, R. Masullo, A. Rovelli, Riccardo Papaleo, Paolo Musico, Annarita Margiotta, I. Sgura, Fabio Longhitano, M. Imbesi, G. De Rosa, Angelo Orlando, A. Ceres, Nicolo' Beverini, Salvatore Viola, D. Lattuada, G. Debonis, Tommaso Chiarusi, Giuseppina Larosa, M. Circella, V. Kulikovsky, V. Giordano, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, A. D'Amico, Carmelo Pellegrino, F. Garufi, Rosanna Cocimano, C. Calì, P. Migliozzi, A. Gmerk, Daniele Vivolo, Enrico Maccioni, F. Raffaelli, Paolo Fermani, Sara Pulvirenti, Rosaria Grasso, Gabriele Giovanetti, P. Piattelli, A. Spitaleri, Matteo Sanguineti, G. Riccobene, G. Terreni, M. Morganti, Giacomo Cuttone, Chiarusi, T., Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Anghinolfi, M., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bouhadef, B., Bozza, C., Cacopardo, G., Calamai, M., Cali, C., Capone, A., Caruso, F., Ceres, A., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Costa, M., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amico, A., Debonis, G., Luca, V. D., Deniskina, N., Rosa, G. D., Distefano, C., Fermani, P., Flaminio, V., Fusco, L. A., Garufi, F., Giordano, V., Giovanetti, G., Gmerk, A., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Hugon, C., Imbesi, M., Kulikovsky, V., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Leonora, E., Litrico, P., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Presti, D. L., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Papaleo, R., Pellegrino, C., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pugliatti, C., Pulvirenti, S., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spurio, M., Speziale, F., Spitaleri, A., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Ventura, C., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., De Luca, V., De Rosa, G., Lo Presti, D., Trovato, A, T Chiarusi, S Aiello, F Ameli, M Anghinolfi, G Barbarino, E Barbarito, F Barbato, N Beverini, S Biagi, B Bouhadef, C Bozza, G Cacopardo, M Calamai, C Calì, A Capone, F Caruso, A Cere, M Circella, R Cocimano, R Coniglione, M Costa, G Cuttone, C D'Amato, V D'Amato, A D'Amico, G DeBoni, V De Luca, N Deniskina, G De Rosa, C Distefano, P Fermani, V Flaminio, L A Fusco, F Garufi, V Giordano, G Giovanetti, A Gmerk, R Grasso, G Grella, C Hugon, M Imbesi, V Kulikovsky, G Larosa, D Lattuada, E Leonora, P Litrico, A Lonardo, F Longhitano, D Lo Presti, E Maccioni, A Margiotta, A Martini, R Masullo, P Migliozzi, E Migneco, A Miraglia, C Mollo, M Mongelli, M Morganti, P Musico, M Musumeci, C A Nicolau, A Orlando, R Papaleo, C Pellegrino, M G Pellegriti, C Perrina, P Piattelli, C Pugliatti, S Pulvirenti, F Raffaelli, N Randazzo, G Riccobene, A Rovelli, M Sanguineti, P Sapienza, I Sgura, F Simeone, V Sipala, M Spurio, F Speziale, A Spitaleri, M Taiuti, G Terreni, L Trasatti, A Trovato, C Ventura, P Vicini, S Viola, D Vivolo, T., Chiarusi, S., Aiello, F., Ameli, M., Anghinolfi, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E., Barbarito, Barbato, FELICIA CARLA TIZIANA, N., Beverini, S., Biagi, B., Bouhadef, C., Bozza, G., Cacopardo, M., Calamai, C., Cal?, A., Capone, F., Caruso, A., Cere, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Costa, G., Cuttone, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amato, A., D'Amico, G., Deboni, V., De Luca, Deniskina, Natalia, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, C., Distefano, P., Fermani, V., Flaminio, L. A., Fusco, Garufi, Fabio, V., Giordano, G., Giovanetti, A., Gmerk, R., Grasso, G., Grella, C., Hugon, M., Imbesi, V., Kulikovsky, G., Larosa, D., Lattuada, E., Leonora, P., Litrico, A., Lonardo, F., Longhitano, D., Lo Presti, E., Maccioni, A., Margiotta, A., Martini, R., Masullo, P., Migliozzi, E., Migneco, A., Miraglia, C., Mollo, M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, C. A., Nicolau, A., Orlando, R., Papaleo, C., Pellegrino, M. G., Pellegriti, C., Perrina, P., Piattelli, C., Pugliatti, S., Pulvirenti, F., Raffaelli, N., Randazzo, G., Riccobene, A., Rovelli, M., Sanguineti, P., Sapienza, I., Sgura, F., Simeone, V., Sipala, M., Spurio, F., Speziale, A., Spitaleri, M., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, A., Trovato, C., Ventura, P., Vicini, S., Viola, and Vivolo, Daniele

Subjects
Phase (waves), Particle detector, Neutrino detector, Optics, Data acquisition concept, Neutrino detectors, cherenkov detectors, data acquisition concepts, neutrino detectors, neutrino detectors cherenkov detectors data acquisition concepts, WATER CHERENKOV DETECTOR, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Shore station, Shore, Physics, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Cherenkov detectors, Geodesy, Light emission, business, Tower, Data reduction, Cherenkov detector
Abstract

In March 2013, the NEMO Phase 2 tower has been successfully installed in the Capo Passero site, at a depth of 3500 m and 80 km off from the southern coast of Sicily. The unfurled tower is 450 m high; it is composed of 8 mechanical floors, for a total amount of 32 PMTs and various instruments for environmental measurements. The tower positioning is achieved by an acoustic system. The tower is continuously acquiring and transmitting all the measured signals to shore. Data reduction is completely performed in the Portopalo shore station by a dedicated computing facility connected to the persistent storage system at LNS, in Catania. Results from the last 9 months of acquisition will be presented. In particular, the analyzed optical rates, showing stable and low baseline values, are compatible with the contribution mainly of 40K light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. These features reveal the optimal nature of the Capo Passero abyssal site to host a km3-sized Neutrino Telescope. © 2014 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2014

4. The Muon Portal Project: design and construction of a scanning portal based on muon tomography

Author

P. G. Fallica, Giusy Valvo, Alessandro Grillo, S. Garozzo, Giuseppe Romeo, G.V. Russo, Marilena Bandieramonte, Ugo Becciani, P. La Rocca, Emanuele Leonora, V. Antonuccio, M. C. Timpanaro, M. Romeo, O. Parasole, C. Pugliatti, Giovanni Bonanno, D. Bongiovanni, N. Randazzo, Francesco Riggi, Fabio Longhitano, D. Lo Presti, G. Santagati, Davide Marano, Danilo Bonanno, and Simone Riggi

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Muon tomography, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking, Detector, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), 01 natural sciences, Scintillation detectors, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Container (abstract data type), Tomography, 010306 general physics, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

Cosmic ray tomography is a technique which exploits the multiple Coulomb scattering of highly penetrating cosmic ray-produced muons to perform non-destructive inspection of high-Z materials without the use of artificial radiation. A muon tomography detection system can be used as a portal monitor at border crossing points for detecting illegal targeted objects. The Muon Portal Project is a joint initiative between Italian research and industrial partners, aimed at the construction of a real size detector prototype (6×3×7 m 3 ) for the inspection of cargo containers by the muon scattering technique. The detector consists of four XY tracking planes, two placed above and two below the container to be inspected. After a research and development phase, which led to the choice and test of the individual components, the construction and installation of the detection modules is almost completed. In this paper the present status of the Project is reported, focusing on the design and construction phase, as well as on the preliminary results obtained with the first detection planes.

Published
2017

5. The PRIMA (PRoton IMAging) collaboration: Development of a proton Computed Tomography apparatus

Author

C. Civinini, M. Carpinelli, D. Lo Presti, M. Tesi, Monica Scaringella, N. Randazzo, Cinzia Talamonti, M. Brianzi, Stefania Pallotta, Giacomo Cuttone, Fabrizio Romano, Mara Bruzzi, C. Stancampiano, E. Vanzi, Marta Bucciolini, Margherita Zani, G.A.P. Cirrone, C. Pugliatti, Valeria Sipala, Scaringella, M, Brianzi, M, Bruzzi, M, Bucciolini, M, Carpinelli, M, Cirrone, G, Civinini, C, Cuttone, G, Lo Presti, D, Pallotta, S, Pugliatti, C, Randazzo, N, Romano, F, Sipala, V, Stancampiano, C, Talamonti, C, Tesi, M, Vanzi, E, and Zani, M

Subjects
Physics, Proton computed tomography, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, pCT (proton Computed Tomography), Calorimetry, Stopping power, Silicon microstrip, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Optics, Trajectory, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Upstream (networking), Development (differential geometry), Nuclear Experiment, business, Instrumentation, Proton therapy
Abstract

This paper describes the development of a proton Computed Tomography (pCT) apparatus able to reconstruct a map of stopping power useful for accurate proton therapy treatment planning and patient positioning. This system is based on two main components: a silicon microstrip tracker and a YAG:Ce crystal calorimeter. Each proton trajectory is sampled by the tracker in four points: two upstream and two downstream the object under test; the particle residual energy is measured by the calorimeter. The apparatus is described in details together with a discussion on the characterization of the hardware under proton beams with energies up to 175 MeV.

Published
2013

6. Construction and characterization of the detection modules for the Muon Portal Project

Author

G. Santagati, Giuseppe Romeo, P. G. Fallica, Davide Marano, M. Romeo, O. Parasole, Sergio Billotta, P. La Rocca, Marilena Bandieramonte, A.A. Blancato, G.V. Russo, Fabio Longhitano, Giovanni Bonanno, D. Lo Presti, C. Pugliatti, S. Garozzo, Simone Riggi, Francesco Riggi, and Danilo Bonanno

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Muon, business.industry, Detector, Photodetector, STRIPS, Scintillator, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, business
Abstract

The Muon Portal Project [1] is a joint initiative between research and industrial partners, aimed at the construction of a real size detector protoype (6×3×7 m3) for the inspection of containers by the muon scattering technique, devised to search for hidden high-Z fissile materials and provide a full 3D tomography of the interior of the container in a scanning time of the order of minutes. The muon tracking detector is based on a set of 48 detection modules (size 1 m × 3 m), each built with 100 extruded scintillator strips, so as to provide four X-Y detection planes, two placed above and two below the container to be inspected. Two wavelength shifting (WLS) fibres embedded in each strip convey the emitted photons to Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) which act as photosensors. After a research and development phase, which led to the choice and test of the individual components, the construction of the full size detector has already started. The paper describes the results of the mass characterization of the photosensors and the construction and test measurements of the first detection modules of the Project.

Published
2015

7. The Muon Portal Double Tracker for the Inspection of Travelling Containers

Author

G. V. Russo, P. Massimino, V. Indelicato, M. C. Timpanaro, Catia Petta, Ugo Becciani, Francesco Riggi, C. Pugliatti, M. Puglisi, P. La Rocca, A.A. Blancato, Giovanni Bonanno, A. Zaia, Emanuele Leonora, N. Randazzo, G. Santagati, V. Antonuccio, S. Longo, Alessandro Grillo, S. Garozzo, Davide Marano, Marilena Bandieramonte, Fabio Longhitano, F. Belluomo, C. Pistagna, Giusy Valvo, Giuseppe Romeo, D. Lo Presti, Simone Riggi, Fabio Vitello, P. G. Fallica, and Alessandro Costa

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Electrical engineering, STRIPS, law.invention, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Analog signal, Data acquisition, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, law, Content (measure theory), Angular resolution, Electronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business
Abstract

The Muon Portal Project has as its goal the design and construction of a real-size working detector prototype in scale 1:1, to inspect the content of travelling containers by means of the secondary cosmic-ray muon radiation and to recognize high-Z hidden materials (i.e. U, Pu). The tomographic image is obtained by reconstructing the input and output trajectories of each muon when it crosses the container and, consequently, the scattering angle, making use of two trackers placed above and below the container. The scan is performed without adding any external radiation, in a reasonable time (few minutes) and with a good spatial and angular resolution. The detector consists of 8 planes each segmented in 6 identical modules. Each module is made of scintillating strips with two WaveLength Shifting fibers (WLS) inside, coupled to Silicon photomultipliers. The customized read-out electronics employs programmable boards. Thanks to a smart read-out system, the number of output channels is reduced by a factor 10. The signals from the front-end modules are sent to the read-out boards, in order to convert analog signals to digital ones, by comparison with a threshold. The data are pre-analyzed and stored into a data acquisition PC. After an intense measurement and simulation campaign to carefully characterize the detector components, the first detection modules ( $1 \times 3 ~\hbox{m}^{2}$ ) have been already built. In this paper the detector architecture, particularly focusing on the used electronics and the main preliminary results will be presented.

Published
2015

8. Design and characterisation of a YAG(Ce) calorimeter for proton Computed Tomography application

Author

E. Vanzi, Marta Bucciolini, D. Lo Presti, Cinzia Talamonti, N. Randazzo, M. Carpinelli, Sebastiano Aiello, Stefania Pallotta, C. Pugliatti, Mara Bruzzi, Valeria Sipala, Emanuele Leonora, G.A.P. Cirrone, C. Civinini, C. Stancampiano, Monica Scaringella, Giacomo Cuttone, Sipala, V, Randazzo, N, Aiello, S, Bruzzi, M, Bucciolini, M, Carpinelli, M, Cirrone, G, Civinini, C, Cuttone, G, Leonora, E, Lo Presti, D, Pallotta, S, Pugliatti, C, Scaringella, M, Stancampiano, C, Talamonti, C, and Vanzi, E

Subjects
Physics, Calorimeter, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Instrumentation, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Scintillator, Particle detector, Charged particle, Photodiode, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Optics, Instrumentation for hadron therapy, law, Measuring instrument, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The design and the characterization of a calorimeter system, aimed at measuring the residual energy in a proton Computed Tomography (pCT) apparatus, is described. The calorimeter has a 6 × 6 cm2 active area to fully cover the tracker area of the pCT system, being 10 cm thick it is able to stop up to 200 MeV protons and sustain 1 MHz particle rate (average rate on the whole area). The YAG(Ce) scintillator is promising for charged particle detection applications where high-count rate, good energy resolution and compact photodiode readout, not influenced by magnetic fields, are of importance. The aim of this work is to show data acquired with proton beam energy up to 175 MeV and to discuss the performances of this calorimeter.

Published
2015

9. OFFSET3: A Real-Time Particle Tracker Based On Scintillating Optical Fibers

Author

D. Lo Presti, Sebastiano Aiello, Emanuele Leonora, Danilo Bonanno, Valeria Sipala, Fabio Longhitano, Carlo Ventura, V. Giordano, N. Randazzo, S. Reito, C. Pugliatti, G.V. Russo, and D. Bongiovanni

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Optical fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Attenuation, Track (disk drive), Physics::Medical Physics, Detector, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Position (vector), law, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Image resolution
Abstract

The performances of the OFFSET3 tracker (Optical Fiber Folded Scintillating Extended Tracker) are presented. It exploits a novel system for particle tracking, designed to achieve real-time particle imaging and tracking, large detection areas, and a high spatial resolution especially suitable for applications in medical diagnostics. The tracker is composed by two $288 \times 288~\hbox{mm}^2$ FOV position detectors stacked by 10 cm, made by 500 micron square scintillating fiber ribbons for both directions. The track position information is extracted in real-time in an innovative way, using a reduced number of readout channels, by means of which it is possible to obtain the large detection area with moderate cost and complexity. The architecture has been patented by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The performances of the tracker were investigated by beta sources, cosmic rays, 60 MeV-250 MeV proton and 400 MeV/A carbon clinical beams.

Published
2015

10. The muon portal double tracker to inspect travelling containers

Author

Sergio Billotta, Fabio Vitello, C. Pistagna, C. Pugliatti, Danilo Bonanno, G. Santagati, A.A. Blancato, N. Randazzo, M. Puglisi, F. Belluomo, P. La Rocca, Emanuele Leonora, Giusy Valvo, S. Longo, S. Garozzo, Simone Riggi, D. Lo Presti, V. Antonuccio, Marilena Bandieramonte, Giuseppe Romeo, P. Massimino, Massimiliano Belluso, Giorgio Fallica, Giovanni Bonanno, Alessandro Costa, Fabio Longhitano, A. Zaia, G.V. Russo, Ugo Becciani, Catia Petta, and Francesco Riggi

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, STRIPS, law.invention, Analog signal, Silicon photomultiplier, Data acquisition, law, Angular resolution, Digital signal, Electronics, business
Abstract

The Muon Portal Project goal is the design and construction of a working detector prototype in scale 1∶1, to inspect the content of travelling containers by means of the secondary cosmic-ray muon radiation and recognize high-Z hidden materials (U, Pu or other fissile samples). The radiographic image is obtained by reconstructing the input and output trajectories of each muon and consequently the scattering angle, exploiting two trackers placed above and below the container. The scan is performed without adding any external radiation, in a reasonable time (a few minutes) and with a good spatial and angular resolution. The detector consists of 8 planes segmented in 6 identical modules. Each module is made of scintillating strips with two WaveLength Shifting fibers (WLS) inside, coupled to Silicon photomultipliers. The customized read-out electronics employs trading programmable boards. Thanks to a smart read-out system, the number of output channels is reduced by a factor 10. The signals from the front-end modules are sent to the read-out boards, in order to convert the analog signal to a digital signal, by a comparison to a threshold. The data are pre-analyzed and stored into a data acquisition PC. Actually, an intense measurement and simulation campaign is in progress to characterize carefully the detector components. The first detection modules (1 × 3 m2) is now under construction. The detector architecture with a particular attention to the used electronics and the main preliminary results will be presented.

Published
2014

11. Design of a muonic tomographic detector to scan travelling containers

Author

Marilena Bandieramonte, Giovanni Bonanno, Francesco Riggi, D. Lo Presti, P. La Rocca, Emanuele Leonora, C. Pistagna, V. Indelicato, Simone Riggi, S. Longo, P. Massimino, M. Puglisi, G.V. Russo, Ugo Becciani, C. Pugliatti, V. Antonuccio, G. Santagati, Giusy Valvo, A. Zaia, G. Zappalà, Alessandro Costa, Giuseppe Romeo, Massimiliano Belluso, Sergio Billotta, A.A. Blancato, N. Randazzo, Fabio Vitello, Danilo Bonanno, Fabio Longhitano, Giorgio Fallica, Catia Petta, F. Belluomo, and S. Garozzo

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Muon spectrometers, Detector, STRIPS, Radiation, Particle detector, law.invention, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, law, Search for radioactive and fissile materials, Particle tracking detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Angular resolution, business, Large Volume Detector, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The Muon Portal Project aims at the construction of a large volume detector to inspect the content of travelling containers for the identification of high-Z hidden materials (U, Pu or other fissile samples), exploiting the secondary cosmic-ray muon radiation. An image of these materials is achieved reconstructing the deviations of the muons from their original trajectories inside the detector volume, by means of two particle trackers, placed one below and one above the container. The scan is performed without adding any external radiation, in a few minutes and with a high spatial and angular resolution. The detector consists of 4800 scintillating strips with two wavelength shifting (WLS) fibers inside each strip, coupled to Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). A smart strategy for the read out system allows a considerable reduction of the number of the read-out channels. Actually, an intense measurement campaign is in progress to carefully characterize any single component of the detector. A prototype of one of the 48 detection modules (1 × 3 m2) is actually under construction. This paper presents the detector architecture and the preliminary results.

Published
2014

12. Noise Pulses in Large Area Optical Modules

Author

E. Leonora, S. Aiello, V. Giordano, N. Randazzo, F. Longhitano, D. Lo Presti, C. Pugliatti, and V. Sipala

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cherenkov detector, Detector, Photodetector, Anode, law.invention, Optics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Neutrino detector, law, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Noise (radio), Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

A great number of large area photomupltipliers are widely used in neutrino and astro-particle detector to measure Cherenkov light in medium like water or ice. The key element of these detectors are the so-called “optical module”, which consist in photodetectors closed in a transparent pressure-resistant container to protect it and ensure good light transmission. The noise pulses present on the anode of each photomultiplier affect strongly the performance of the detector. A large study was conducted on noise pulses of large area photomultipliers, considering time and charge distributions of dark pulses, pre-pulses, delayed pulses, and after pulses. The contribution to noise pulses due to the presence of the external glass spheres was also studied, even comparing two vessels of different brands.

Published
2014

13. The trigger and data acquisition for the NEMO-Phase 2 tower

Author

E. Barbarito, Francesco Simeone, Daniele Vivolo, C. Pugliatti, C. D'Amato, M. Calamai, Giuseppina Larosa, V. D'Amato, F. Speziale, C. Perrina, M. Anghinolfi, F. Garufi, V. Kulikovskiy, Maurizio Spurio, E. Migneco, Rosanna Cocimano, C. Calì, F. C. T. Barbato, A. Gmerk, Valeria Sipala, P. Migliozzi, Sebastiano Aiello, Francesco Caruso, G. Grella, M. Morganti, A. Trovato, Cristiano Bozza, Giacomo Cuttone, Alessia Capone, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, G. Terreni, V. DeLuca, G. Debonis, M. Imbesi, Nicolo' Beverini, Cynthia Ventura, D. Lattuada, Agnese Martini, Paolo Fermani, P. Litrico, Sara Pulvirenti, Rosaria Grasso, G. DeRosa, Enrico Maccioni, A. Spitaleri, S. Biagi, M. Mongelli, Matteo Sanguineti, G. Riccobene, Tommaso Chiarusi, D. LoPresti, F. Raffaelli, R. Masullo, R. Coniglione, Gabriele Giovanetti, Riccardo Papaleo, P. Piattelli, Salvatore Viola, Alessandro Lonardo, C. Pellegrino, A. Rovelli, Paolo Musico, I. Sgura, Angelo Orlando, Giancarlo Barbarino, M. Circella, L. Trasatti, A. Ceres, C. Hugon, B. Bouhadef, A. Miraglia, V. Giordano, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, N. Deniskina, A. D'Amico, Luigi Antonio Fusco, M. J. Costa, Fabio Longhitano, Annarita Margiotta, Piero Vicini, Fabrizio Ameli, Emanuele Leonora, Paolo Sapienza, M. G. Pellegriti, V. Flaminio, M. Taiuti, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, G. Cacopardo, C. Distefano, Kalekin O., Real D., Finley C., Graf K., Sandstrom P., Williams D., Kelley J., Hulth P.O., Walck C., Ahlers M., Belias A., Hultqvist K., Zornoza J.D., C. b., Pellegrino, F., Simeone, T., Chiarusi, S., Aiello, F., Ameli, M., Anghinolfi, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E., Barbarito, Barbato, FELICIA CARLA TIZIANA, N. k., Beverini, S. b., Biagi, B., Bouhadef, C., Bozza, G., Cacopardo, M. k., Calamai, C., Cal, A. n., Capone, F., Caruso, A., Cere, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Costa, G., Cuttone, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amato, A., D'Amico, G., Deboni, V., Deluca, Deniskina, Natalia, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, C., Distefano, P., Fermani, V. k., Flaminio, L. b., Fusco, Garufi, Fabio, V., Giordano, G., Giovanetti, A., Gmerk, R., Grasso, G., Grella, C. o., Hugon, M., Imbesi, V. o., Kulikovskiy, G., Larosa, D., Lattuada, E., Leonora, P., Litrico, A., Lonardo, F., Longhitano, D. p., Lopresti, E. k., Maccioni, A. b., Margiotta, A., Martini, R., Masullo, P., Migliozzi, E., Migneco, A., Miraglia, C., Mollo, M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, C., Nicolau, A., Orlando, R., Papaleo, M., Pellegriti, C., Perrina, P., Piattelli, C. p., Pugliatti, S., Pulvirenti, F., Raffaelli, N., Randazzo, G., Riccobene, A., Rovelli, M., Sanguineti, P., Sapienza, I., Sgura, V., Sipala, M. b., Spurio, F., Speziale, A., Spitaleri, M. o., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, A., Trovato, C., Ventura, P., Vicini, S., Viola, Vivolo, Daniele, AIP Publishing, Pellegrino, C., Simeone, F., Chiarusi, T., Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Anghinolfi, M., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bouhadef, B., Bozza, C., Cacopardo, G., Calamai, M., Cali, C., Capone, A., Caruso, F., Ceres, A., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Costa, M., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amico, A., Debonis, G., Deluca, V., Deniskina, N., Derosa, G., Distefano, C., Fermani, P., Flaminio, V., Fusco, L. A., Garufi, F., Giordano, V., Giovanetti, G., Gmerk, A., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Hugon, C., Imbesi, M., Kulikovskiy, V., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Leonora, E., Litrico, P., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lopresti, D., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Papaleo, R., Pellegriti, M. G., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pugliatti, C., Pulvirenti, S., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Sgura, I., Sipala, V., Spurio, M., Speziale, F., Spitaleri, A., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Ventura, C., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Calì, C., Fusco, L.A., Nicolau, C.A., and Pellegriti, M.G.

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Neutrino telescope, Data aggregator, Physics and Astronomy (all), Data filtering, NEMO, Trigger and data acquisition system, Data acquisition, Neutrino detector, Scalability, Electronic engineering, Persistent data structure, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

In the framework of the Phase 2 of the NEMO neutrino telescope project, a tower with 32 optical modules is being operated since march 2013. A new scalable Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TriDAS) has been developed and extensively tested with the data from this tower. Adopting the all-data-to-shore concept, the NEMO TriDAS is optimized to deal with a continuous data-stream from off-shore to on-shore with a large bandwidth. The TriDAS consists of four computing layers: (i) data aggregation of isochronal hits from all optical modules; (ii) data filtering by means of concurrent trigger algorithms; (iii) composition of the filtered events into post-trigger files; (iv) persistent data storage. The TriDAS implementation is reported together with a review of dedicated on-line monitoring tools.

Published
2014

14. OFFSET:Optical Fiber Folded Scintillating Extended Tracker

Author

Valeria Sipala, Fabrizio Romano, Fabio Longhitano, Sebastiano Aiello, C. Pugliatti, Danilo Bonanno, C. Stancampiano, G.A.P. Cirrone, G.V. Russo, D. Lo Presti, Emanuele Leonora, N. Randazzo, and M. Russo

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Medical diagnostic, Optical fiber, Offset (computer science), Scintillating fiber, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Cosmic ray, Charged particle, Particle detector, law.invention, Optics, law, Trackingdetector, Real-time, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The OFFSET collaboration aims at the development of a novel system for tracking charged particles, designed to achieve real-time imaging, large detection areas, and a high spatial resolution especially suitable for use in medical diagnostics. This paper presents the first prototype of this tracker, having a 20×20 cm2 sensitive area made by two crossed ribbons of 500 μ m square scintillating fibers. The track position information is extracted in real time using a reduced number of read-out channels to obtain very large detection area at moderate cost and complexity. The performance of the tracker was investigated using β sources, cosmic rays and a 62 MeV proton beam.

Published
2014

15. Long-term optical background measurements in the Capo Passero deep-sea site

Author

Daniele Vivolo, Tommaso Chiarusi, I. Sgura, Angelo Orlando, M. Circella, R. Coniglione, Carmelo Pellegrino, F. Garufi, A. Trovato, G. Cacopardo, M. Anghinolfi, A. Martini, G. C. Barbarino, Carlo Alessandro Nicolau, A. Gmerk, Cristiano Bozza, Fabio Longhitano, V. Flaminio, A. Spitaleri, M. Taiuti, M. Mongelli, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, Rosanna Cocimano, C. Calì, Francesco Caruso, Matteo Sanguineti, C. Perrina, E. Migneco, E. Barbarito, V. D'Amato, G. Riccobene, F. Raffaelli, Paolo Sapienza, M. G. Pellegriti, P. Migliozzi, G. Debonis, Enrico Maccioni, F. C. T. Barbato, S. Biagi, Gabriele Giovanetti, Piero Vicini, Giuseppina Larosa, Francesco Simeone, P. Piattelli, Fabrizio Ameli, Valeria Sipala, C. Distefano, Luigi Antonio Fusco, M. J. Costa, Paolo Fermani, C. Pugliatti, C. D'Amato, V. De Luca, C. Hugon, F. Speziale, Maurizio Spurio, Sebastiano Aiello, Alessandro Lonardo, M. Imbesi, A. Rovelli, Sara Pulvirenti, Paolo Musico, Rosaria Grasso, L. Trasatti, M. Calamai, D. Lo Presti, G. Grella, B. Bouhadef, Nicolo' Beverini, A. Miraglia, Cynthia Ventura, D. Lattuada, Emanuele Leonora, Salvatore Viola, G. De Rosa, N. Deniskina, A. Ceres, R. Masullo, Riccardo Papaleo, Annarita Margiotta, V. Kulikovsky, V. Giordano, Mario Musumeci, N. Randazzo, A. D'Amico, P. Litrico, M. Morganti, Giacomo Cuttone, Alessia Capone, G. Terreni, Kalekin O., Real D., Finley C., Graf K., Sandstrom P., Williams D., Kelley J., Hulth P.O., Walck C., Ahlers M., Belias A., Hultqvist K., Zornoza J.D., M., Pellegriti, S., Aiello, F., Ameli, M., Anghinolfi, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E. h., Barbarito, Barbato, FELICIA CARLA TIZIANA, N. j., Beverini, S. l., Biagi, B., Bouhadef, C., Bozza, G., Cacopardo, M. j., Calamai, C., Cal, A. n., Capone, F., Caruso, A., Cere, T., Chiarusi, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Costa, G., Cuttone, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amato, A., D'Amico, G., Deboni, V. D., Luca, Deniskina, Natalia, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, C., Distefano, P., Fermani, V. j., Flaminio, L. l., Fusco, Garufi, Fabio, V., Giordano, G., Giovanetti, A., Gmerk, R., Grasso, G., Grella, C. o., Hugon, M., Imbesi, V. o., Kulikovsky, G., Larosa, D., Lattuada, E., Leonora, P., Litrico, A., Lonardo, F., Longhitano, D. p., Lo, E. j., Maccioni, A. l., Margiotta, A., Martini, R., Masullo, P., Migliozzi, E., Migneco, A., Miraglia, C., Mollo, M., Mongelli, M. r., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, C., Nicolau, A., Orlando, R., Papaleo, C. l., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, P., Piattelli, C. p., Pugliatti, S., Pulvirenti, F., Raffaelli, N., Randazzo, G., Riccobene, A., Rovelli, M. o., Sanguineti, P., Sapienza, I., Sgura, F., Simeone, V., Sipala, M. l., Spurio, F., Speziale, A., Spitaleri, M. o., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, A., Trovato, C., Ventura, P., Vicini, S., Viola, Vivolo, Daniele, Pellegriti, M.G, Aiello, S., Ameli, F., Anghinolfi, M., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bouhadef, B., Bozza, C., Cacopardo, G., Calamai, M., Calì, C., Capone, A., Caruso, F., Ceres, A., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Costa, M., Cuttone, G., D'Amato, C., D'Amato, V., D'Amico, A., Debonis, G., De Luca, V., Deniskina, N., De Rosa, G., Distefano, C., Fermani, P., Flaminio, V., Fusco, L.A., Garufi, F., Giordano, V., Giovanetti, G., Gmerk, A., Grasso, R., Grella, G., Hugon, C., Imbesi, M., Kulikovsky, V., Larosa, G., Lattuada, D., Leonora, E., Litrico, P., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lo Presti, D., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C.A., Orlando, A., Papaleo, R., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pugliatti, C., Pulvirenti, S., Raffaelli, F., Randazzo, N., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Sgura, I., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Spurio, M., Speziale, F., Spitaleri, A., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Ventura, C., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Pellegriti, M. G., Cali, C., Fusco, L. A., and Nicolau, C. A.

Subjects
Baseline values, Physics, marine infrastructure, business.industry, Neutrino astrophysics, neutrino physics, underwater telescopes, marine infrastructures, neutrino physic, underwater telescope, Atmospheric sciences, Deep sea, Term (time), Physics and Astronomy (all), Optics, marine infrastructures, Neutrino astrophysics, neutrino physics, underwater telescopes, Light emission, business, Tower, Neutrino astrophysic
Abstract

In March 2013, the Nemo Phase-2 tower has been successfully installed at 100 km off-shore Capo Passero (Italy) and 3500 m depth. This 8-floor tower hosts 32 10-inch PMT's. Results from optical background measurements are presented. In particular, the analyzed rates show stable and low baseline values, compatible with the contribution of 40K light emission, with a small percentage of light bursts due to bioluminescence. All these features are a confirmation of the stability and good optical nature of the site.

Published
2014

16. A real-time, large area, high space resolution particle radiography system

Author

Danilo Bonanno, Nunzio Randazzo, D. Lo Presti, C. Stancampiano, C. Ventura, Sebastiano Aiello, G.A.P. Cirrone, G.V. Russo, V. Giordano, Fabio Longhitano, C. Pugliatti, Valeria Sipala, Emanuele Leonora, and Fabrizio Romano

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Resolution (electron density), Electrical engineering, Bragg peak, Wavelength shifter, Residual, Optics, Data acquisition, Stack (abstract data type), business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In this paper we describe a new detection system for the high resolution measurement of the residual range of charged particles, designed and developed with the aim of achieving real-time data acquisition and large detection areas. A prototype of the residual range detector, with a sensitive area of about 4 × 4 cm2, consisting of a stack of sixty ribbons of scintillating fibers (Sci-Fi) has been designed and tested. Each layer is read-out by two wavelength shifter (WLS) fibers and a position sensitive photomultiplier (PSPM). The Bragg peak shape is calculated real-time by the time over a suitable threshold for each channel. The results of the measurements taken using the prototype and a 62 MeV proton beam and a comparison with the GEANT4 simulations of the detector are presented. The main concepts on which the prototype is based have been used to demonstrate the technique patented by the INFN. The next step will be to design and validate the final detector which will have 30 × 30 cm2 FOV and cover the 250 MeV proton range with about 150 micron range resolution. These performances are suitable for almost all medical imaging applications.

Published
2014

17. Development of a Real-Time, Large Area, High Spatial Resolution Particle Tracker Based on Scintillating Fibers

Author

Sebastiano Aiello, D. Lo Presti, Guido Russo, Fabio Longhitano, V. Giordano, C. Ventura, C. Stancampiano, Nunzio Randazzo, G.A.P. Cirrone, Fabrizio Romano, S. Reito, Valeria Sipala, Mattia Russo, Danilo Bonanno, C. Pugliatti, and Emanuele Leonora

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Article Subject, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Charged particle, Particle detector, lcsh:QC1-999, Optics, Medical imaging, business, Image resolution, Beam (structure), lcsh:Physics
Abstract

The design of a detector for tracking charged particles is presented together with the characterization techniques developed to extract the main design specifications. The goals for the final detector are to achieve real-time imaging performances, a large detection area, and a high spatial resolution, particularly suitable for medical imaging applications. This paper describes the prototype of the tracker plane, which has a 20 × 20 cm2sensitive area consisting of two crossed ribbons of 500 μm square scintillating fibers. The information about the hit position extracted real-time tracker in an innovative way, using a reduced number of the read-out channels to obtain a very large detection area but with moderate costs and complexity. The performances of the tracker have been investigated usingβsources, cosmic rays, and a 62 MeV proton beam.

Published
2014

18. The muon portal project: A dedicated muon detector for the inspection of shipping containers

Author

S. Garozzo, G. V. Russo, Marilena Bandieramonte, P. Massimino, F. Riggi, Giusy Valvo, Giuseppe Romeo, Massimiliano Belluso, Fabio Longhitano, S. Longo, Ugo Becciani, F. Belluomo, Giovanni Bonanno, Emanuele Leonora, Sergio Billotta, D. Lo Presti, M. Puglisi, C. Pistagna, C. Pugliatti, G. Santagati, G. Zappalà, V. Antonuccio, Fabio Vitello, Alessandro Costa, C. Petta, V. Indelicato, N. Randazzo, Danilo Bonanno, P. LaRocca, Simone Riggi, Giorgio Fallica, and A. Zaia

Subjects
Physics, Muon, Muon tomography, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Scintillator, Shipping container, Tracking (particle physics), Silicon photomultiplier, Optics, Electromagnetic shielding, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

Traditional techniques, such as those based on X-rays absorption, to inspect shipping container in search of potential fissile threats cannot be employed on occupied vehicles and are of limited use in presence of a large amount of shielding materials. To overcome such limitations, prototypes of detection systems employing the muon tomography technique, based on cosmic muon scattering from high-Z materials, are being tested worldwide. The Muon Portal project aims to build a large area muon detector (18 m2) for the inspection of TEU containers with good spatial and angular resolution. The detector is made by four XY tracking planes of plastic scintillator bars with embedded WLS fibers and SiPM readout, placed above and below the volume to be inspected. Different imaging and visualization algorithms are being designed and tested over tomographic scenarios simulated with a detailed software replica of the entire detector. Experimental tests of the individual detection modules are already in progress. The design and operational parameters of the portal under construction are reported, together with the preliminary detector tests and imaging results.

Published
2013

19. The PRIMA (Proton Imaging) collaboration: Status of the development of a proton Computed Tomography Scanner

Author

C. Civinini, E. Vanzi, Marta Bucciolini, Stefania Pallotta, M. Tesi, M. Brianzi, Fabrizio Romano, Monica Scaringella, N. Randazzo, Giacomo Cuttone, Margherita Zani, G.A.P. Cirrone, Mara Bruzzi, Valeria Sipala, C. Pugliatti, M. Carpinelli, D. Lo Presti, C. Stancampiano, and Cinzia Talamonti

Subjects
Physics, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), Hadron therapy, Instrumentation for hadron therapy, business.industry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Radiography, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Medical Physics, Tracking (particle physics), Imaging phantom, Nuclear physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Tomography, business, Nuclear Experiment, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The PRIMA (Proton IMAging) experiment is aimed at developing a proton Computed Tomography (pCT) prototype based on tracking single protons. Approaches to the pCT consist in the use of silicon microstrip detectors to measure the position and direction of individual protons before and after they traverse the phantom, in view to reconstruct the trajectory of each proton, and a calorimeter for measuring particle residual energy. A small prototype was tested, under 62 MeV proton beam at Laboratory Nazionali del Sud, (Catania Italy) and under 180 MeV proton beam at Svedberg Laboratories, Uppsala Universitet, (Uppsala Sweden). Several experiments concerning proton imaging, tomography and radiography, were carried out during these beam tests. Radiographies have been reconstructed with different methods: results show the good performances of the device, with spatial resolution fulfilling the stringent requirements of a pCT device.

Published
2013

20. Recent results on the development of a proton computed tomography system

Author

N. Randazzo, Mara Bruzzi, C. Pugliatti, Giacomo Cuttone, Fabrizio Romano, E. Vanzi, Marta Bucciolini, M. Carpinelli, Stefania Pallotta, D. Lo Presti, Monica Scaringella, C. Stancampiano, Margherita Zani, Valeria Sipala, Cinzia Talamonti, C. Civinini, G.A.P. Cirrone, Civinini, C, Bruzzi, M, Bucciolini, M, Carpinelli, M, Cirrone, G, Cuttone, G, Lo Presti, D, Pallotta, S, Pugliatti, C, Randazzo, N, Romano, F, Scaringella, M, Sipala, V, Stancampiano, C, Talamonti, C, Vanzi, E, and Zani, M

Subjects
Proton computed tomography, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Scanner, Proton, Calorimeter (particle physics), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Silicon microstrip tracker, Physics::Medical Physics, Measure (physics), Stopping power, Calorimetry, Optics, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Medical imaging, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Development (differential geometry), Nuclear Experiment, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a medical imaging technique based on the use of proton beams with energies above 200 MeV to directly measure stopping power distributions inside the tissue volume. Prima (PRoton IMAging) is an Italian collaboration working on the development of a pCT scanner based on a tracker and a calorimeter to measure single protons trajectory and residual energy. The tracker is composed of four planes of silicon microstrip detectors to measure proton entry and exit positions and angles. Residual energy is measured by a calorimeter composed of YAG:Ce scintillating crystals. A first prototype of pCT scanner, with an active area of about 5×5 cm2, has been constructed and characterized with 60 MeV protons at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, Catania (Italy) and with 180 MeV protons at Svedberg Laboratory, Uppsala (Sweden). A new pre-clinical prototype with an extended active area up to 20×5 cm2, real time data acquisition and a data rate up to 1 MHz is under development. A description of the two prototypes will be presented together with first results concerning tomographic image reconstruction.

Published
2013

21. The Muon Portal Project: Development of an Innovative Scanning Portal based on Muon Tomography

Author

C. Pistagna, G. Santagati, A. Piana, Giusy Valvo, V. Antonuccio, B. Carbone, G. Zappalà, G. V. Russo, Simone Riggi, M. Puglisi, Alessandro Costa, C. Petta, N. Randazzo, Ugo Becciani, Giovanni Bonanno, V. Indelicato, P. Massimino, Marilena Bandieramonte, Danilo Bonanno, Massimiliano Belluso, C. Pugliatti, Sergio Billotta, P. La Rocca, D. Lo Presti, E. Leonora, F. Belluomo, F. Riggi, Giorgio Fallica, Massimo Mazzillo, D. Sanfilippo, Fabio Longhitano, and A. Zaia

Subjects
Physics, Muon tomography, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, COSMIC-RAY, MUONS, Detector, STRIPS, Scintillator, Particle detector, law.invention, Software, Optics, law, Tomography, business
Abstract

The Muon Portal is a recent Project [1] which aims at the construction of a 18 m2 tracking detector for cosmic muons. This apparatus has been designed as a real-size prototype to inspect containers using the muon tomography technique, i.e. by measuring the deflection of muons when traversing high-Z materials. The detection setup is based on eight position-sensitive X-Y planes, four placed below and four above the volume to be inspected, with good tracking capabilities for charged particles. The detection planes are segmented into strips of extruded plastic scintillators with WLS fibres to transport the light produced in the scintillator material to the photo-sensors (SiPMs) at one of the fibre ends. Detailed GEANT4 simulations have been carried out under different scenarios to investigate the response of the apparatus. The tomographic images are reconstructed by tracking algorithms and suitable imaging software tools. Simulations have demonstrated the possibility to reconstruct a 3D image of the volume to be inspected in a reasonable amount of time, compatible with the requirement of a fast inspection technique. The first two of the 48 detection modules are presently under construction.

Published
2013

22. Towards a large area apparatus for Proton Computed Tomography

Author

N. Randazzo, Giacomo Cuttone, D. Lo Presti, E. Vanzi, Marta Bucciolini, C. Civinini, Stefania Pallotta, Margherita Zani, Monica Scaringella, M. Carpinelli, Mara Bruzzi, Fabrizio Romano, M. Tesi, M. Brianzi, Cinzia Talamonti, Valeria Sipala, C. Pugliatti, C. Stancampiano, Bruzzi, M, Brianzi, M, Bucciolini, M, Carpinelli, M, Civinini, C, Cuttone, G, Lo Presti, D, Pallotta, S, Pugliatti, C, Randazzo, N, Romano, F, Scaringella, M, Sipala, V, Stancampiano, C, Talamonti, C, Tesi, M, Vanzi, E, and Zani, M

Subjects
Physics, Proton computed tomography, medicine.medical_specialty, Radiation, medicine.diagnostic_test, Medical treatment, business.industry, Radiography, Patient positioning, Computed tomography, Hadron therapy, Optics, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, medicine, Medical physics, Radiation treatment planning, business, Radiology, Image-guided radiation therapy, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

Proton Computed Tomography (pCT) is a new imaging method with a potential for increasing accuracy of treatment planning and patient positioning in hadron therapy. A pCT system with small active area (5cm×5cm) has been already manufactured by authors. Tested under proton beams gave first promising results on radiography and tomographic reconstructions. Recent developments of a second prototype with large area (5×20cm2) in the perspective of a pre-clinical acquisition system is now being designed, details are given in this paper.

Published
2013

23. Erratum: The optical modules of the phase-2 of the NEMO project

Author

M. Imbesi, R. Habel, A. Martini, Nicolo' Beverini, A Ceres, M Circella, D. Lattuada, C. Sollima, Daniele Vivolo, M. Spina, L. Trasatti, G. C. Barbarino, Enrico Maccioni, R. de Asmundis, A. Miraglia, Piero Vicini, V. Pappalardo, C. Distefano, A Margiotta, F Raffaelli, M. Cordelli, C Pugliatti, F. Ameli, M Mongelli, M Spurio, E. Barbarito, M. Taiuti, Francesco Caruso, F. C. T. Barbato, G. Raia, Rosanna Cocimano, A. Marinelli, Paolo Fermani, Carlos Maximiliano Mollo, C. Perrina, F. Garufi, G. De Rosa, P. Migliozzi, Francesco Simeone, A. Trovato, G. Cacopardo, M. Sedita, R. De Vita, Cristiano Bozza, Antonio Russo, M. Anghinolfi, Fabio Longhitano, V. Giordano, Alessia Capone, A. Lonardo, V. Flaminio, A. Bersani, Mario Musumeci, Guido Russo, E. Migneco, F. Maugeri, N. Randazzo, Sara Pulvirenti, D. Sciliberto, M. Bonori, A. Grimaldi, T Chiarusi, G. Riccobene, E. Shirokov, S. Minutoli, Emanuele Leonora, G. Terreni, S Biagi, M. J. Costa, D Lo Presti, Sebastiano Aiello, A. D'Amico, M. Morganti, G. Grella, Salvatore Viola, C. Pellegrino, Gabriele Giovanetti, P. Piattelli, Paolo Sapienza, Paolo Musico, V. Kulikovsky, Fabio Stefani, Alberto Rovelli, G. Leotta, I. Sgura, Angelo Orlando, G. De Bonis, R. Coniglione, A. Anzalone, B. Bouhadef, C. A. Nicolau, R. Masullo, V. Sipala, Riccardo Papaleo, and L.A. Fusco

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Phase (waves), Instrumentation (computer programming), Aerospace engineering, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Published
2013

24. Design and Characterization of a Real Time, Large Area, High Spatial Resolution Particle Tracker Based on Scintillating Fibers

Author

Fabio Longhitano, V. Giordano, N. Randazzo, Danilo Bonanno, D. Lo Presti, Emanuele Leonora, Sebastiano Aiello, C. Pugliatti, Fabrizio Romano, C. Stancampiano, G. V. Russo, G.A.P. Cirrone, Monica Lo Russo, and Valeria Sipala

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Design flow, Pharmaceutical Science, Cosmic ray, Tracking (particle physics), Charged particle, Optics, Complementary and alternative medicine, Medical imaging, Electronic engineering, Pharmacology (medical), business, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract

This paper presents the design flow of a detector for tracking charged particles together with the characterization techniques developed to extract the main design specifications. The goals for the final detector are to achieve real-time imaging, a large detection area and a high spatial resolution particularly suitable for medical imaging applications. The main concepts have been patented by the INFN. This paper describes the prototype tracker, which has a 20x20 cm2 sensitive area consisting of two crossed ribbons of 500 µm square scintillating fibers. The track position information is real-time extracted in an innovative way, using a reduced number of read-out channels to obtain a very large detection area but with moderate costs and complexity. The performance of the tracker has been investigated using s sources, cosmic rays, and a 62 MeV proton beam.

Published
2013

25. A large area cosmic ray detector for the inspection of hidden high-Z materials inside containers

Author

S Riggi, V Antonuccio, M Bandieramonte, U Becciani, F Belluomo, M Belluso, S Billotta, G Bonanno, B Carbone, A Costa, G Fallica, V La Monaca, P La Rocca, E Leonora, F Longhitano, D Lo Presti, P Massimino, M Mazzillo, G S Pappalardo, C Petta, A Piana, C Pistagna, C Pugliatti, M Puglisi, N Randazzo, F Riggi, G V Russo, D Sanfilippo, G Santagati, G Valvo, and A Zaia

Subjects
Physics, History, COSMIC cancer database, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, Particle detector, Computer Science Applications, Education, Optics, Measuring instrument, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Angular resolution, business, Lepton
Abstract

Traditional inspection methods are of limited use to detect the presence of fissile (U, Pu) samples inside containers. To overcome such limitations, prototypes of detection systems based on cosmic muon scattering from high-Z materials are being tested worldwide. This technique does not introduce additional radiation levels, and each event contributes to the tomographic image, since the scattering process is sensitive to the charge of the atomic nuclei being traversed. A new Project, started by the Muon Portal Collaboration, plans to build a large area muon detector able to reconstruct muon tracks with good spatial and angular resolution. Experimental tests of the individual detection modules are already in progress. The design and operational parameters of the muon portal under construction are here described, together with the preliminary simulation and test results. Due to the large acceptance of the detector for cosmic rays, coupled to the good angular reconstruction of the muon tracks, it is also planned to employ such detector for cosmic ray studies, complementing its detection capabilities with a set of trigger detectors located some distance apart, in order to measure multiple muon events associated to extensive air showers.

Published
2013

26. Development of a scintillation-fiber detector for real-time particle tracking

Author

S. Reito, Emanuele Leonora, V. Giordano, N. Randazzo, Sebastiano Aiello, M. Russo, G.A.P. Cirrone, G.V. Russo, Danilo Bonanno, Fabrizio Romano, C. Pugliatti, D. Lo Presti, Fabio Longhitano, Valeria Sipala, and C. Stancampiano

Subjects
Physics, Scintillation, Medical diagnostic, Optical fiber, Offset (computer science), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, law.invention, Particle tracking detectors, Data reduction methods, Instrumentation for particlebeam therapy, Optics, law, Systems architecture, business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The prototype of the OFFSET (Optical Fiber Folded Scintillating Extended Tracker) tracker is presented. It exploits a novel system for particle tracking, designed to achieve real-time imaging, large detection areas, and a high spatial resolution especially suitable for use in medical diagnostics. The main results regarding the system architecture have been used as a demonstration of the technique which has been patented by the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN). The prototype of this tracker, presented in this paper, has a 20 × 20 cm2 sensitive area, consisting of two crossed ribbons of 500 micron square scintillating fibers. The track position information is extracted in real time in an innovative way, using a reduced number of read-out channels to obtain very large detection area with moderate enough costs and complexity. The performance of the tracker was investigated using beta sources, cosmic rays, and a 62 MeV proton beam.

Published
2013

27. Comparative timing performances of S-CVD diamond detectors with different particle beams and readout electronics

Author

Gabriele Chiodini, Marzio De Napoli, Nunzio Randazzo, Simon Kwan, Giacomo Cuttone, Sebastiano Aiello, C. Stancampiano, V. Giordano, Valeria Sipala, Lorenzo Uplegger, G.A.P. Cirrone, Luigi Moroni, C. Pugliatti, Fabio Longhitano, Domenico Lo Presti, Cristina Tuve, Emanuele Leonora, Ryan Rivera, and Valentina Scuderi

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Amplifier, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector, Electrical engineering, Background noise, Optics, Nuclear electronics, Rise time, Particle physics experiments, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

One of the particular characteristics of diamond detectors is their fast charge collection time. This feature makes these detectors very attractive for timing measurements in both nuclear and particle physics experiments. The charge collection time in these detectors is of the order of a few hundred ps, therefore the timing performance depends greatly on the electronics readout of the detector. In this work we present comparative measurements made using a single crystal diamond detector and two different electronic readout chains. In particular, we used a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) with a 100 MHz bandwidth and a voltage amplifier with a 2 GHz bandwidth. In order to evaluate the performance of the detector for charge signals generated by particles with energies below minimum ionizing, measurements were taken using 62 MeV proton beam at the INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud. Another set of measurements was made with a 120 GeV proton beam at FNAL in order to evaluate the performance with MIP. The timing performance depends on the rise time of the signal and the Signal to Noise ratio. Both these characteristics are inversely related to the electronic readout bandwidth. The charge collection with the 62 MeV proton beam was about 130 Ke-. A SIN ratio of about 80 was obtained with the CSA, while the SIN ratio was approximately 4 with the 2 GHz broad-band amplifier. This resulted in a comparable time distribution value of around 70 ps RMS in both cases. However, charge collection is much smaller with minimum ionizing particles, and while it was possible to perform measurements with the CSA, with the broadband amplifier it was not possible to separate signals from the background noise. In this work we present and discuss the set-up used and the complete set of measurements, with final considerations regarding range of use to which these detector can be utilized.

Published
2012

28. Design of a large area tomograph to search for high-Z materials inside containers by cosmic muons

Author

D. Lo Presti, V. Antonuccio, M. Bandieramonte, U. Becciani, F. Belluomo, M. Belluso, S. Billotta, A. Blancato, D.L. Bonanno, G. Bonanno, B. Carbone, A. Costa, G. Fallica, V. Indelicato, V. La Monaca, P. La Rocca, E. Leonora, F. Longhitano, P. Massimino, M. Mazzillo, G.S. Pappalardo, C. Petta, A. Piana, C. Pistagna, C. Pugliatti, M. Puglisi, N. Randazzo, F. Riggi, S. Riggi, G.V. Russo, D. Sanfilippo, G. Santagati, G. Valvo, A. Zaia, and G. Zappala'

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, COSMIC cancer database, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, Cosmic ray, Radiation, Muon collider, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Angular resolution, Aerospace engineering, business, Event (particle physics)
Abstract

In recent years the need to have a better control of potentially dangerous materials across the borders has raised the opportunity to search for alternative detection techniques. In particular, to detect the presence of hidden high-Z materials inside containers, traditional techniques based on X-rays or neutron scattering are of limited use, and prototypes of detection systems based on cosmic muon scattering from high-Z materials are being tested worldwide to overcome these limitations. The use of this method is particularly suited to this aim, since it does not introduce additional radiation levels to the already existing natural dose. Since the technique is based on the scattering process of muons and not on their absorption, each event may in principle contribute to produce the tomographic image. A new Project has recently started by the Muon Portal Collaboration, which plans to build a large area muon detector, able to reconstruct muon tracks with good spatial and angular resolution. The design and operational parameters of the tomograph under construction are here described, together with preliminary simulation and test results of the individual detection modules. Due to the large acceptance of the detector for cosmic rays, coupled to the good angular reconstruction of the muon tracks, it is also planned to employ such detector in the future for cosmic ray studies, complementing its detection capabilities with a set of trigger detectors located some distance apart, in order to measure multiple muon events associated to extensive air showers.

Published
2012

29. Strip detectors for a portal monitor application

Author

P. La Rocca, Emanuele Leonora, Fabio Longhitano, D. Lo Presti, G. Santagati, V. Indelicato, A.A. Blancato, N. Randazzo, Danilo Bonanno, C. Pugliatti, G.V. Russo, Francesco Riggi, and G. Zappalà

Subjects
Physics, Scintillation, Traverse, COSMIC cancer database, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, STRIPS, Scintillator, Charged particle, law.invention, Optics, law, Deflection (engineering), business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

A design for a new equipment for non intrusive inspection of containers in ports is described. The project involves the construction of a ~ 125 m3 cosmic muon-tracking detector, to measure the deflection of cosmic muons when traversing high-Z materials. The apparatus consists of four X-Y charged particle detector planes, two placed below and two above the container to be inspected. The detection planes are segmented into 300 cm long, 1 cm2 square plastic scintillating strips with embedded WLS fibers that transport the scintillation light to photo-sensors (SiPMs) at one end of the fiber. Detailed GEANT4 simulations have demonstrated the possibility of reconstructing a 3D image of the container volume in a reasonable amount of time, compatible with the requirements of a fast inspection technique.

Published
2014

30. Effect of diazepam on liver function of rats

Author

Amalia Guaitani, C. Pugliatti, J. Kvĕtina, and E. Veneroni

Subjects
Male, Liver perfusion, medicine.medical_specialty, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, In Vitro Techniques, Sulfobromophthalein, Bile flow, Hemoglobins, Liver Function Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Bile, Urea, Phospholipids, Transaminases, Triglycerides, Pharmacology, Diazepam, business.industry, Proteins, General Medicine, Rats, Endocrinology, Cholesterol, Glucose, Liver, Liver function, business, medicine.drug
Published
1969

31. The optical modules of the phase-2 of the NEMO project

Author

Aiello, S., Leonora, E., Fabrizio, Ameli, Anghinolfi, M., Anzalone, A., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Bersani, A., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bonori, Maurizio, Bouhadef, B., Bozza, C., Cacopardo, G., Capone, Antonio, Caruso, F., Ceres, A., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Costa, M., D'Amico, A., De Asmundis, R., DE BONIS, Giulia, Rosa G., De, De Vita, R., Giulia De Bonis, De Rosa, G., Distefano, C., Fermani, Paolo, Flaminio, V., Fusco, L. A., Garufi, F., Giordano, V., Giovanetti, G., Grella, G., Grimaldi, A., Habel, R., Imbesi, M., Kulikovsky, V., Lattuada, D., Leotta, G., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lo Presti, D., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martini, A., Masullo, Rocco, Maugeri, F., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Minutoli, S., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, CARLO ALESSANDRO, Orlando, A., Papaleo, R., Pappalardo, V., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, Chiara, Piattelli, P., Pugliatti, C., Pulvirenti, S., Raffaelli, F., Raia, G., Randazzo, N., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Russo, A., Russo, G. V., Sapienza, P., Sciliberto, D., Sedita, M., Sgura, I., Shirokov, E., Simeone, Francesco, Sipala, V., Sollima, C., Spina, M., Spurio, M., Stefani, F., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Vicini, P., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Aiello, S, Leonora, E, Ameli, F, Anghinolfi, M, Anzalone, A, Barbarino, G, Barbarito, E, Barbato, F, Bersani, A, Beverini, N, Biagi, S, Bonori, M, Bouhadef, B, Bozza, C, Cacopardo, G, Capone, A, Caruso, F, Ceres, A, Chiarusi, T, Circella, M, Cocimano, R, Coniglione, R, Cordelli, M, Costa, M, D'Amico, A, De Asmundis, R, De Bonis, G, De Rosa, G, De Vita, R, Distefano, C, Fermani, P, Flaminio, V, Fusco, La, Garufi, F, Giordano, V, Giovanetti, G, Grella, G, Grimaldi, A, Habel, R, Imbesi, M, Kulikovsky, V, Lattuada, D, Leotta, G, Lonardo, A, Longhitano, F, Lo Presti, D, Maccioni, E, Margiotta, A, Marinelli, A, Martini, A, Masullo, R, Maugeri, F, Migliozzi, P, Migneco, E, Minutoli, S, Miraglia, A, Mollo, C, Mongelli, M, Morganti, M, Musico, P, Musumeci, M, Nicolau, Ca, Orlando, A, Papaleo, R, Pappalardo, V, Pellegrino, C, Perrina, C, Piattelli, P, Pugliatti, C, Pulvirenti, S, Raffaelli, F, Raia, G, Randazzo, N, Riccobene, G, Rovelli, A, Russo, A, Russo, Gv, Sapienza, P, Sciliberto, D, Sedita, M, Sgura, I, Shirokov, E, Simeone, F, Sipala, V, Sollima, C, Spina, M, Spurio, M, Stefani, F, Taiuti, M, Terreni, G, Trasatti, L, Trovato, A, Vicini, P, Viola, S, Vivolo, D, S Aiello, E Leonora, F Ameli, M Anghinolfi, A Anzalone, G Barbarino, E Barbarito, F Barbato, A Bersani, N Beverini, S Biagi, M Bonori, B Bouhadef, C Bozza, G Cacopardo, A Capone, F Caruso, A Cere, T Chiarusi, M Circella, R Cocimano, R Coniglione, M Cordelli, M Costa, A D'Amico, R De Asmundi, G De Boni, G De Rosa, R De Vita, C Distefano, P Fermani, V Flaminio, L A Fusco, F Garufi, V Giordano, G Giovanetti, G Grella, A Grimaldi, R Habel, M Imbesi, V Kulikovsky, D Lattuada, G Leotta, A Lonardo, F Longhitano, D Lo Presti, E Maccioni, A Margiotta, A Marinelli, A Martini, R Masullo, F Maugeri, P Migliozzi, E Migneco, S Minutoli, A Miraglia, C Mollo, M Mongelli, M Morganti, P Musico, M Musumeci, C A Nicolau, A Orlando, R Papaleo, V Pappalardo, C Pellegrino, C Perrina, P Piattelli, C Pugliatti, S Pulvirenti, F Raffaelli, G Raia, N Randazzo, G Riccobene, A Rovelli, A Russo, G V Russo, P Sapienza, D Sciliberto, M Sedita, I Sgura, E Shirokov, F Simeone, V Sipala, C Sollima, M Spina, M Spurio, F Stefani, M Taiuti, G Terreni, L Trasatti, A Trovato, P Vicini, S Viola, D Vivolo, S., Aiello, E., Leonora, F., Ameli, M., Anghinolfi, A., Anzalone, Barbarino, Giancarlo, E., Barbarito, Barbato, FELICIA CARLA TIZIANA, A., Bersani, N., Beverini, S., Biagi, M., Bonori, B., Bouhadef, C., Bozza, G., Cacopardo, A., Capone, F., Caruso, A., Cere, T., Chiarusi, M., Circella, R., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, M., Cordelli, M., Costa, A., D'Amico, R., De Asmundi, G., De Boni, DE ROSA, Gianfranca, R., De Vita, C., Distefano, P., Fermani, V., Flaminio, L. A., Fusco, Garufi, Fabio, V., Giordano, G., Giovanetti, G., Grella, A., Grimaldi, R., Habel, M., Imbesi, V., Kulikovsky, D., Lattuada, G., Leotta, A., Lonardo, F., Longhitano, D., Lo Presti, E., Maccioni, A., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martini, R., Masullo, F., Maugeri, P., Migliozzi, E., Migneco, S., Minutoli, A., Miraglia, C., Mollo, M., Mongelli, M., Morganti, P., Musico, M., Musumeci, C. A., Nicolau, A., Orlando, R., Papaleo, V., Pappalardo, C., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, P., Piattelli, C., Pugliatti, S., Pulvirenti, F., Raffaelli, G., Raia, N., Randazzo, G., Riccobene, A., Rovelli, A., Russo, G. V., Russo, P., Sapienza, D., Sciliberto, M., Sedita, I., Sgura, E., Shirokov, F., Simeone, V., Sipala, C., Sollima, M., Spina, M., Spurio, F., Stefani, M., Taiuti, G., Terreni, L., Trasatti, A., Trovato, P., Vicini, S., Viola, Vivolo, Daniele, Aiello, S., Leonora, E., Ameli, F., Anghinolfi, M., Anzalone, A., Barbarino, G., Barbarito, E., Barbato, F., Bersani, A., Beverini, N., Biagi, S., Bonori, M., Bouhadef, B., Bozza, C., Cacopardo, G., Capone, A., Caruso, F., Ceres, A., Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Cocimano, R., Coniglione, R., Cordelli, M., Costa, M., D'Amico, A., De Asmundis, R., De Bonis, G., De Rosa, G., De Vita, R., Distefano, C., Fermani, P., Flaminio, V., Fusco, L. A., Garufi, F., Giordano, V., Giovanetti, G., Grella, G., Grimaldi, A., Habel, R., Imbesi, M., Kulikovsky, V., Lattuada, D., Leotta, G., Lonardo, A., Longhitano, F., Lo Presti, D., Maccioni, E., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martini, A., Masullo, R., Maugeri, F., Migliozzi, P., Migneco, E., Minutoli, S., Miraglia, A., Mollo, C., Mongelli, M., Morganti, M., Musico, P., Musumeci, M., Nicolau, C. A., Orlando, A., Papaleo, R., Pappalardo, V., Pellegrino, C., Perrina, C., Piattelli, P., Pugliatti, C., Pulvirenti, S., Raffaelli, F., Raia, G., Randazzo, N., Riccobene, G., Rovelli, A., Russo, A., Russo, G. V., Sapienza, P., Sciliberto, D., Sedita, M., Sgura, I., Shirokov, E., Simeone, F., Sipala, V., Sollima, C., Spina, M., Spurio, M., Stefani, F., Taiuti, M., Terreni, G., Trasatti, L., Trovato, A., Vicini, P., Viola, S., and Vivolo, D.

Subjects
Physics, Photomultiplier, Instrument optimisation, business.industry, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, Single component, Cherenkov detectors, Electrical engineering, Phase (waves), Optical coupling, Optical Module, Optical detector readout concepts, optical detector readout concept, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physic, instrument optimization, large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, cherenkov detectors, business, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov detector, Voltage
Abstract

A 13-inch Optical Module (OM) containing a large-area (10-inch) photomultiplier was designed as part of Phase-2 of the NEMO project. An intense R&D activity on the photomultipliers, the voltage supply boards, the optical coupling as well as the study of the influences of the Earth's magnetic field has driven the choice of each single component of the OM. Following a well-established production procedure, 32 OMs were assembled and their functionality tested. The design, the testing and the production phases are thoroughly described in this paper. © 2013 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab srl.

Published
2013

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