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BACKGROUND Several techniques of nasogastric tube (NGT) insertion have been described in the literature with different success rates. AIM To systematically search the literature and conduct a meta-analysis comparing the success rates, insertion time and complications associated with different techniques of NGT insertion in anesthetized and intubated patients. METHODS An electronic search of the PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and Google Scholar databases were performed up to October 31, 2019. We included 17 randomized controlled trials with 2500 participants in the meta-analysis. RESULTS As compared to the conventional method, successful insertion of the NGT on first attempt was higher with modified techniques such as the reverse Sellick’s maneuver [relative risk (RR) 1.94; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62-2.31], use of a frozen NGT (RR 1.55; 95%CI: 1.13-2.13), inserting the NGT with neck flexion and lateral neck pressure (RR 1.64; 95%CI: 1.10-2.45), endotracheal tube-assisted (RR 1.88; 95%CI: 1.52-2.32) and video-assisted placements (RR 1.60; 95%CI: 1.31-1.95). All the modified techniques also led to comparatively higher insertion success rates than the conventional technique. CONCLUSION The use of modified techniques of NGT insertion such as the reverse Sellick’s maneuver, neck flexion with lateral neck pressure, frozen NGT, endotracheal tube-guided or video-assisted methods result in a significantly better chance of successful tube insertion at first attempt as compared to the conventional technique. All modified techniques also significantly improve the overall chance of successful NGT placement as compared to the conventional method.

Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a bulge from the weak area in the wall of cerebral blood vessels and can cause serious diseases, such as hemorrhagic stroke and other neurologic diseases. Experimental...

2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) have been frequently detected in the environment, whereas studies in food are scare. The European Food Safety Authority has requested data for their risk assessment. Herein, dietary exposure and hazard quotient (HQ) were studied based on the 5th (2009-2012) and 6th (2015-2018) Chinese total diet studies (TDSs). EHTBB was found in 61.1 and 75.9% of the two TDS sample sets, respectively. The concentrations of EHTBB in animal-derived food were higher than those in plant-derived food. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were 1.33 and 0.97 ng/kg bw/day, and vegetables contributed to 48.5 and 39.2% of the EDIs based on the 5th and 6th TDS, respectively. The dietary exposure to EHTBB was similar to that to hexabromocyclododecane, brominated diphenyl ether-209, and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). The HQ for EHTBB was similar to that for decabromodiphenyl ethane and surpassed that for TBBPA. Therefore, EHTBB warrants further study in food.

In this study, a numerical model of a partial wellbore is developed by coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the discrete element method (DEM) in order to simulate the operation of a double-circulation system (DCS) in coalbed methane (CBM) well drilling, which is a novel technique used for cuttings transport. The values of the flow field are computed by a fluid solver and the motions of the particle phase are calculated by the DEM, for which an additional multi-sphere particle model is integrated. After verification of the model, the analysis centers on the working mechanism, the DCS parameters, and optimization of the angle θ of the injection nozzles, which is the most critical parameter affecting the efficiency of the DCS. Simulations reveal the working details of the DCS and prove its applicability to cuttings transport, especially in the curved and horizontal parts of the well. The effects of viscosity and particle size are investigated, and a low-viscosity drilling fluid is recommended. The optimal range for θ is obtained as 30° to 50°. This work provides a reference for the engineering application of DCSs, and by feedback from drilling sites the reliability of the results can be verified.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and incurable autoimmune neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Although the symptoms of MS can be managed by vitamin D3 treatment alone, this condition cannot be completely eradicated. Thus, there might be unknown factors capable of regulating the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Genome-wide analysis showed that miRNAs were associated with VDRs. We sought to determine the role and mechanism of action of miRNA-125a-5p and VDRs in a model of MS, mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which was induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35–55 peptides. EAE mice showed decreased mean body weight but increased mean clinical scores compared with vehicle or control mice. And inflammatory infiltration was found in the lumbosacral spinal cord of EAE mice. In addition, VDR expression was significantly lower while the expression of miR-125a-5p was markedly higher in the spinal ventral horn of EAE mice than in vehicle or control mice. Importantly, activation of VDRs by paricalcitol or inhibition of miR-125a-5p by its antagomir markedly decreased the mean clinical scores in EAE mice. Interestingly, VDR and miR-125a-5p were co-localized in the same neurons of the ventral horn. More importantly, inhibition of miR-125a-5p remarkably blocked the decrease of VDRs in EAE mice. These results support a critical role for miR-125a-5p in modulating VDR activity in EAE and suggest potential novel therapeutic interventions.

Due to the specificity of coal rock containing CBM (coal bed methane), large-sized cuttings from coal bed drilling present abnormal appearances which make the transport of cuttings more troublesome. Simulations of the transport of large-sized and non-spherical drilling cuttings in the horizontal well-bore annulus possesses both theoretical challenges and engineering worth. In this work, a coupled CFD-DEM model is developed and a multi-sphere method is adopted to construct the non-spherical cuttings particles including cubic and long flaky particles. Validation with the experimental data reveals the well applicability of the developed CFD-DEM model. The movements as well as the sedimentations of cuttings are discussed in detail. The influences of fluid velocity and particle shapes on the transport efficiency of cuttings are studied and more attention is paid to flaky cuttings. The results show that, with a consistent equivalent volume, relatively good performance happens to the 20 mm spherical particles while local piled bed appears to the flaky particles; however, cuttings in cubic particles behave the worst. In the chosen conditions, transport efficiency drops dramatically when the volume fraction of the flaky cuttings exceeds 10%. Work in this paper is expected to be able to be applied to CBM drilling engineering.

Antimicrobial agents have been used in meat production for decades and its consumption is considered an key driver for the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, large-scale studies on AMR changes in animal isolates since the introduction of antimicrobial usage remain scarce. We applied whole genome sequencing analysis to 982 animal-derived Escherichia coli collected in China from 1970s to 2019 and found increasing trends for the presence of numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), including those conferring resistance to critically important agents for veterinary (florfenicol and norfloxacin) and human medicine (colistin, cephalosporins, and meropenem). Extensive diversity and increasing complexity of ARGs and their associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as plasmids were also observed. The plasmids, IncC, IncHI2, IncK, IncI, IncX and IncF played a key role as highly effective vehicles for disseminating ARGs. Correlation analysis also revealed an association between antimicrobial production and emergence of ARGs at a spatial and temporal level. Prohibiting or strictly curtailing antimicrobial use in animals will potentially negate the current trends of AMR as the bacterial genome is highly changeable and using different drugs of the same class, or even unrelated classes, may co-select for MGEs carrying a plethora of co-existing ARGs. Therefore, limiting or ceasing antimicrobial use in animals to control AMR requires careful consideration.

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogues (BPs) are suspected posing potential endocrine disrupting properties. They might migrate into foodstuffs through food packaging materials or contaminated water and soil. Dietary exposure is of paramount importance way for human health. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) lowered the value of tolerable daily intake (TDI) from 50 μg/kg bw/day (d) to a temporary (t) TDI (t-TDI) of 4 μg/kg bw/d. In this study, the Chinese total dietary samples were analyzed for assessing the exposure risk of BPs by diets. BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were found in 12 kinds of food samples except for bisphenol B (BPB). A deterministic approach was used to calculate the dietary intakes of 4 kinds of compounds. For different age and gender groups, the exposure levels of BPA (178.440-403.672 ng/kg bw/d) was the highest, followed by BPS (21.372-52.112 ng/kg bw/d), BPF (20.641-50.507 ng/kg bw/d), and BPAF (0.434-1.210 ng/kg bw/d). Based on the t-TDI set by EFSA (4 μg/kg bw/d for BPA), the BPs through dietary intake pose low risks on the Chinese general population even summarization exposure levels of different BPs. However, human can be exposed to multiple endocrine disrupting chemicals rather than BPs alone; combined exposure risks should be further considered.

Breast milk is a unique biological sample that reflects the exposure levels of both lactating mothers and infants. The exposure levels of BPA due to breast milk consumption for infants can be estimated easily, but the method to estimate the total daily intake (TDI) of lactating mothers from breast milk has not yet been established. In this study, BPA concentrations were detected in breast milk samples from 149 lactating mothers from Hunan, China. The median concentration of BPA in breast milk was 0.053 μg/L with a range of 0.001-2.535 μg/L, and a temporal decline trend was found for BPA concentrations in breast milk (p 0.05). The median intake of BPA via breast milk was 26.8 ng/kg bw/day for 0-3-month-old infants and 7.0 ng/kg bw/day for 4-12-month-old infants. Based on the predicted concentrations of BPA in urine and blood via the conversion coefficients from breast milk, the TDIs of lactating mothers were estimated. The TDIs estimated from the simulated urine concentration were 84.0 ± 175.2 ng/kg bw/day for 0-3-month-old infants' mothers and 36.9 ± 80.8 ng/kg bw/day for 4-12-month-old infants' mothers. The dietary daily intakes estimated from the simulated blood concentration were 579.6 ± 370.8 ng/kg bw/day for 0-3-month-old infants' mothers and 280.1 ± 195.2 ng/kg bw/day for 4-12-month-old infants' mothers. When assuming the dietary daily intakes in Hunan of the fifth total diet study (TDS) as the "true" total dietary intake of our population, the contribution of diet was estimated to be 63.7%, which suggested that non-dietary BPA exposure may be underestimated.

Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are widely used as antimicrobial compounds in consumer products. TCS and TCC are frequently found in waste water and sewage. In this study, we investigate the potential impact of exposure to triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) on fetal abnormalities. We measured TCS and TCC levels in maternal and umbilical cord blood samples from 39 pregnant women diagnosed with fetal or post-birth abnormalities at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. 52 pregnant women who gave birth to healthy neonates during the same period of time were included as controls. Applying ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, TCS and TCC concentrations were measured in maternal and fetal sera. Significantly increased levels of TCS were detected in maternal sera from mothers with abnormal births. Similar levels of TCS or TCC were found in maternal and cord sera in control group. The concentrations of TCS or TCC in maternal sera correlated with those in umbilical cord sera (r=0.649, P

Background: Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a major contributor to the development of heart failure. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie this process remain elusive. Inadequate angiogenesis in the myocardium leads to a transition from cardiac hypertrophy to dysfunction, and our previous study showed that Ang II significantly impaired the angiogenesis response. The current study was designed to examine the role of Jagged1-Notch signaling in the effect of Ang II during impaired angiogenesis and cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Ang II was subcutaneously infused into 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 200 ng·kg−1·min−1 for 2 weeks using Alzet micro-osmotic pumps. N-[N-(3, 5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine tert-butyl ester (DAPT), a γ-secretase inhibitor, was injected subcutaneously during Ang II infusion at a dose of 10.0 mg·kg−1·d−1. Forty mice were divided into four groups (n = 10 per group): control group; Ang II group, treated with Ang II; DAPT group, treated with DAPT; and Ang II + DAPT group, treated with both Ang II and DAPT. At the end of experiments, myocardial (left ventricle [LV]) tissue from each experimental group was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance test followed by the least significant difference method or independent samples t-test. Results: Ang II treatment significantly induced cardiac hypertrophy and impaired the angiogenesis response compared to controls, as shown by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry for CD31, a vascular marker (P < 0.05 for both). Meanwhile, Jagged1 protein was significantly increased, but gene expression for both Jag1 and Hey1 was decreased in the LV following Ang II treatment, compared to that in controls (relative ratio for Jag1 gene: 0.45 ± 0.13 vs. 0.84 ± 0.15; relative ratio for Hey1 gene: 0.51 ± 0.08 vs. 0.91 ± 0.09; P < 0.05). All these cellular and molecular effects induced by Ang II in the hearts of mice were reduced by DAPT treatment. Interestingly, Ang II stimulated Hey1, a known Notch target, but did not affect the expression of Hey2, another Notch target gene. Conclusions: A Jagged1-Hey1 signal might mediate the impairment of angiogenesis induced by Ang II during cardiac hypertrophy.

With the rapid development of Internet, information grows explosively, and traditional search engine have failed to meet the needs of users. This paper proposes a customer service automatic answering system with a high-quality knowledge base. First of all, based on unsupervised learning algorithm, this system extracts the question and answer pairs from documents and store them in the knowledge base. Then employing semantic analysis module and the method of Natural Language Processing (NLP), this system gains the meaning of the customers' question accurately, then retrieve the knowledge base and return a high-resolution answer to the user. Furthermore, we construct a dialog management module, which makes reasonable guesses on issues that cannot be matched, and records the dialogue history so that the question-answering system can give more intelligent responses. Finally, due to the diversity of the document structure and the complexity of Chinese natural language, this system adds an edifying function that can add, delete, and modify the question and answer pair in the knowledge. Therefore, our customer service automatic answering system can be more intelligent and efficient than the existing question and answer system.

Bike-sharing as a common public transportation has been booming in China in recent years. Previous studies showed that the surfaces of public transport can act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant (AR) bacteria, but AR bacterial contamination of shared bikes has not been investigated. Otherwise, the AR-Enterobacteriaceae is considered as a global health threat for humans. Herein, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of AR Enterobacteriaceae on shared bikes and examine correlations between AR Enterobacteriaceae from shared bikes and public buildings around Metro stations in Beijing. We collected 2117 samples from shared bikes at 240 Metro stations in Beijing. A total of 444 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 418 samples at 166 stations. The isolates exhibited low rates of resistance (0.5%–6.3%) to all antimicrobial agents except sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (31.5%). Three ceftazidime-resistant E. coli isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-199 and two of them were positive for carbapenemase-producing gene blaNDM-5. Multivariable logistic regression model revealed that variable “secondary/tertiary non-profit hospital nearby” was significantly (p

Nontargeted workflows for chemical hazard analyses are highly desirable in the food safety and integrity fields to ensure human health. Two different analytical strategies, nontargeted metabolomics and chemical database filtering, can be used to screen unknown contaminants in food matrices. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolutions are necessary for the detection of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of candidate ions. Analytical chemistry–based technologies, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE-MS), combined with chemometrics analysis are being used to generate molecular formulas of compounds of interest. The construction of a chemical database plays a crucial role in nontargeted detection. This review provides an overview of the current sample preparation, analytical chemistry–based techniques, and data analysis as well as the limitations and challenges of nontargeted detection methods for analyzing complex food matrices. Improvements in sample preparation and analytical platforms may enhance the relevance of food authenticity, quality, and safety.

Background Studies on the hypertensive effect of long-term exposure to air pollution are mixed, and sparse evidence exists regarding its effects on homocysteine (Hcy), another crucial risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We collected data from 23,256 participants aged 18–74 years at baseline (years 2017–2018) from a community-based cohort in China. A linear combination of concentrations from monitoring stations at the participants’ home and work addresses, weighted by the time, was used to estimate two-year exposures to particulate matter with fine particles≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), aerodynamic diameter≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Generalized linear regressions and logistic regressions were conducted to examine the associations between air pollution and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), Hcy, hypertension and co-occurrence of hypertension and hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). Results The results showed that each interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 (16.1 μg /m3), PM10 (19.3 μg /m3) and SO2 (3.9 μg /m3) was significantly associated with SBP (changes: 0.64–1.86 mmHg), DBP (changes: 0.35–0.70 mmHg) and Hcy (changes: 0.77–1.04 μ mol/L) in the fully adjusted model. These air pollutants were also statistically associated with the prevalence of co-occurrence of hypertension and HHcy (ORs: 1.22–1.32), which were stronger than associations with the prevalence of hypertension (ORs: 1.09–1.19). The hypertensive effects of exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and SO2 were more pronounced among elder participants, obese participants, those with established CVD or a high 10-year CVD risk and those with a family history of hypertension. However, interaction analyses of Hcy showed different patterns. Additionally, moderate level of physical activity and active travel mode benefited individuals in resisting the health impacts of air pollution on both blood pressure (BP) and Hcy. Conclusions Our study supports a positive relationship between air pollution and BP and Hcy among adults in Beijing, and close attention to vulnerable populations and healthy lifestyles could effectively benefit further cardiovascular health.

Lithium ion batteries have attracted wide attention due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness and are widely used in electrical vehicles. An accurate and reliable battery model is needed in battery management systems (BMS) to monitor battery operating conditions, including state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), etc. This paper presents a state-space model with non-integer order derivatives for electrochemical batteries with a constant phase element (CPE) in order to accurately describe battery dynamics. The proposed model is a combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the 1-RC model. The Oustaloup recursive approximation was selected for model parametric identification and potential implementation. A particle-swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to identify three model parameters by using time-domain test data. The model accuracy and robustness were validated by using datasets from different driving cycles, aging levels and cells of the same chemistry. The proposed FOM showed good accuracy and robustness. It is suitable for research on battery reliability, including issues like SOC estimation, SOH prediction, and charging control.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients have a considerably increased risk for noncommunicable diseases, which poses a serious burden on public health. The effects of different elements on MetS have received increasing attention in the field of noncommunicable diseases over the past decade. These elements can exert adverse or favourable effects on human health by synergistic or antagonistic actions. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the relationship between multiple-element exposure and MetS. Method: A total of 2095 MetS patients and 2039 controls free of major cardiovascular disease at baseline and follow-up visits were frequency matched for age (±5 years) and sex. The internal exposure levels of 15 elements in serum were investigated. Logistic regression models were employed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) of MetS for element concentrations categorized according to quartiles in the controls. Result: Magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), barium (Ba) and mercury (Hg) were significantly associated with MetS in the multi-element exposure model. The ORs for the extreme quartiles of Mg, Se, Ba, and Hg were 0.29 (95% CI: 0.23–0.37, P-trend

The arthropod-transmitted chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a flu-like disease that is characterized by incapacitating arthralgia. The re-emergence of CHIKV and the continual risk of new epidemics have reignited research in CHIKV pathogenesis. Virus-specific antibodies have been shown to control virus clearance, but antibodies present at sub-neutralizing concentrations can also augment virus infection that exacerbates disease severity. To explore this occurrence, CHIKV infection was investigated in the presence of CHIKV-specific antibodies in both primary human cells and a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. Enhanced attachment of CHIKV to the primary human monocytes and B cells was observed while increased viral replication was detected in RAW264.7 cells. Blocking of specific Fc receptors (FcγRs) led to the abrogation of these observations. Furthermore, experimental infection in adult mice showed that animals had higher viral RNA loads and endured more severe joint inflammation in the presence of sub-neutralizing concentrations of CHIKV-specific antibodies. In addition, CHIKV infection in 11 days old mice under enhancing condition resulted in higher muscles viral RNA load detected and death. These observations provide the first evidence of antibody-mediated enhancement in CHIKV infection and pathogenesis and could also be relevant for other important arboviruses such as Zika virus.

The objective of this study was to reveal the relationships of mental health, social support, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) as well as their dimensions in HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV-positive MSM were interviewed by a cross-sectional study design using the world Health Organization quality of life bref scale, social support rating scale, and self-rated anxiety and depression scales. Canonical correlation analysis and structural equation model (SEM) were utilized to analyze to the collected data. Three first pair of canonical variables that was statistically significant (P

With the growing increase of data processing and Hadoop data center construction requirements, simulations of large scale Hadoop data centers with high precision are becoming a great challenge. In this paper, a new simulator which integrates baseline test and multi-layered network model is introduced and implemented. With baseline test, we can predict precisely the execution time for each MapReduce task. The network model considers the complexity of data center network and it can provide more accurate prediction of data transfer delay. The experimental test is implemented in a large scale data center to evaluate the performance of our simulator. Three experimental environments with 35 nodes, 47 nodes and 80 nodes are configured in the data center, and Terasort, Wordcount and Hive are selected as benchmarks with maximum 100 TB input data. The experiments show that the error comparing between the simulator results and experimental environment results in most cases is less than 10%. The comparison with YARNsim confirms that our simulator is capable to achieve precise simulation for a large scale data center and the baseline test model is suitable to optimize the execution time simulation for any type of Hadoop applications.

Lysyl oxidase‐like 2 (LOXL2) has shown to promote metastasis and poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Also, we have previously reported that vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is associated with invasion, metastasis and poor survival in HCC patients. In the present study, we investigated molecular function of LOXL2 in HCC and VM. We used the immunohistochemical and CD31/periodic acid‐Schiff double staining to detect the relationship between LOXL2 and VM formation. We performed the gain and loss of function studies and analysed the migratory, invasion and tube formation in HCC cell lines. We analysed the function of LOXL2 in VM formation and HCC metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. We have showed that LOXL2 was overexpression in HCC and was positively correlated with tumour grade, metastasis, VM formation and poor survival in 201 HCC patients. Secondly, our studies have showed that LOXL2 overexpression in HCC cells significantly promoted migration, invasion and tube formation. Finally, we found that LOXL2 may increase SNAIL expression, thereby enabling VM. Our study indicated that LOXL2 may promote VM formation and tumour metastasis by collaborating with SNAIL in HCC. What's more, the overexpression of LOXL2 indicated a poor prognosis in HCC patients.

Unlike most areas of China, HIV transmission via men who have sex with men (MSM) is increasing rapidly, and has become the main route of HIV transmission in Harbin city. The purpose of the current study was to elaborate the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of the new HIV epidemic. Eighty-one HIV-1 gag gene sequences (HXB2:806-1861) from local HIV infections were isolated; CRF01_AE predominated among HIV infections (71.6%), followed by subtype B (16.5%), CRF07_BC (6.2%), and unique recombinant strains (URFs; 6.2%). URFs were most often identified in the MSM population, which consisted of a recombination of CRF01_AE with subtype B or CRF07_BC. Six clusters were formed in this analysis; clusters I and II mainly circulated in southwest China. Clusters III and IV mainly circulated in southwest, southeast, and central China. Clusters V and VI mainly circulated in north and northeast China. Clusters III and IV may facilitate the transmission of the CRF01_AE strain from the southwest to the north and northeast regions of China. HIV subtypes are becoming diverse with the persistent epidemic in this geographic region. In brief, our results indicate that the molecular epidemiology of HIV is trending to be more complex. Thus, timely molecular epidemiologic supervision of HIV is necessary, especially for the MSM population.

Due to the increase in the prevalence and incidence of allergic diseases, improving the sensitivity and specificity of screening indexes is critical. Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a traditional index for judging allergic diseases, while its specificity is relatively poor. Serum-specific IgE (sIgE) is an objective index with high specificity in the diagnosis of allergic diseases. In the present research, the total IgE and sIgE of 3,721 patients with allergic diseases were analyzed to further illuminate the association between them. The data were derived from 3,721 patients. The serum-sIgE to 14 types of common allergens and total IgE were detected. A total of 2,419 cases (65.0%) of 3,721 patients exhibited increasing total IgE and 1,215 patients (32.7%) exhibited positive sIgE. The consistency rate of the two indexes was 60.4%, and the κ-value was 0.28. In 135 patients with normal total IgE, 82.2% exhibited one sIgE positive and 17.8% exhibited two or more sIgE positive. While the number of positive sIgE increased and the detecting level enhanced, the number of positive total IgE markedly increased. Patients (84.1%) with increasing total IgE were associated with positive sIgE, but the increase of total IgE could not be completely explained by the total accumulation of sIgE. Total IgE may play an important role on screening allergic disease while sIgE could be used as crucial evidence for allergy diagnosis. Although the consistency of the two methods was poor, neither total IgE nor sIgE could replace each other. Combining the two indexes with clinical manifestations together will improve the method.

Concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol (NP) were measured in food samples from the 2007 Chinese total diet study (TDS). BPA and NP were detected in 72 and 143 of 144 TDS samples, respectively, with concentrations ranging from 20 ng/kg to 267 μg/kg and 30 ng/kg to 1,268 μg/kg, respectively. BPA was highest in Hebei (HB) province for most food groups. NP was much higher in milk than in other foods across all the provinces. Mean exposures to BPA and NP were estimated to be 43 ng/kg bw/day and 520 ng/kg bw/day for a Chinese adult, respectively, well below the tolerable daily intake (TDI). Mean exposure to NP from formula for infants aged 0-6 years ranged from 300 ng/kg bw/day to 17 μg/kg bw/day. For infants aged 0-1 year, intakes ranged from 5 to 17 μg/kg bw/day, which is above the TDI.

Rhamnolipids are the most promising biosurfactants, have widespread applications in many fields. However, low yield and productivity in fermentation caused a high production cost and thus prohibited the bulk applications of rhamnolipids in industry. In this study, a sequential fed-batch fermentation process with fill-and-draw operation was developed to improve rhamnolipids production. By utilizing this strategy, the total produced rhamnolipids reached over 150 g/L, had a 163% and 102% increase over the traditional batch and fed-batch processes, respectively. This remarkable high production efficiency was achieved by the well-maintained high productivity of 0.4 g/L h for a period of 17 d. Astonishingly, the conversion yield was high as 84%, while this value was only 53.2% and 42.7% in the traditional batch and fed-batch process, respectively. The high-efficiency rhamnolipids production in this sequential fed-batch fermentation could be largely explained by a high presence of cell coupled with the replenishment of nutrients and dilution of toxic byproducts via fill-and-draw operation. In all, this validated fermentation strategy offers a great prospect for high-efficiency production of rhamnolipids in industry.

For analysis of bearing mechanism of the composite floor formed with thin-walled steel and lightweight aggregate concrete, the static load test of a composite floor was put forward. The specimen is simply supported at the two shorter sides of the floor and the other two sides free. The uniform loads and partial loads are applied to the floor through load blocks. The vertical displacements of the floor, the relative slips of concrete panels and steel beam and strains of specimens were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the new lightweight composite floor has better bearing capacity and there was not cracks in lightweight aggregate concrete panels while the applied loads are much larger than the normal loads. It is concluded that variation of strains of secondary beams and concrete panels has similar development trend as the equivalent uniform load is close the value of 6 kN/m2.

For study of mechanical property of a fabricated composite floor consisting of thin-walled steel I beams and lightweight aggregate concrete panels, the static load experiment of the new composite floor was presented and the results was discussed. The specimen was simply supported at the two shorter sides and the other two longer sides free. The equivalent uniform loads are applied to the floor through setting the load blocks on the supper surface of the floor. The vertical displacements, slips between steel beam and concrete panel and strains of the specimen were measured. It was shown that the strain at the bottom of the concrete panel is quite close to the strain at the top flange of the main beam and the strain at bottom flange of the main beam is much larger than the value at top flange.

For study of mechanical performance and bearing mechanism of the fabricated composite floor consisting of thin-walled steel beams and lightweight aggregate concrete panels, the static load experiment of a composite floor was finished and presented. The specimen is simply supported at the two shorter sides and the other two longer sides free. The equivalent uniform loads are applied to the floor through setting the load blocks on the supper surface of the floor. The vertical displacements and strains of the specimen were measured and analyzed. The experimental results show that the new composite floor has greater bearing capacity and better elasticity. It is concluded that although there is combined action between the main beam and the concrete panel, there is also evident slip between top flange of the main beam and the concrete panel.

For analysis of mechanical property and bearing mechanism of the composite floor consisting of cold-formed thin-walled steel beams and lightweight aggregate concrete panels, the static load test of a composite floor was presented. The floor specimen is simply supported at the two shorter sides of it and the other two sides free. The equivalent uniform loads are applied to the floor through piling up the load blocks on the supper surface of the floor. The displacements of the floor and strains of specimens were measured and analyzed. It is denoted that the vertical displacements of the floor varied linearly with the load while it is less than 8kN, but the slips of main beam and concrete panel vary nonlinearly during the whole loading process. It was seen that there were not evident cracks in the concrete panels while the applied loads are much larger than the normal loads.

To investigate the age, gender, time, and etiology differences of traumatic lower limb fractures (TLLFs) in a population of children (≤18 years old), we retrospectively reviewed 936 children who had TLLFs and who came to our university-affiliated hospitals from 2001 to 2010. This study enrolled 657 males (70.2%) and 279 females (29.8%) aged (11.6 ± 4.9) years old. The most common etiologies and fracture sites were motor vehicle collisions (MVCs, 440, 47.0%) and tibias (376, 40.2%). A total of 126 (13.5%) patients suffered neurological deficits (NDs), 127 (13.6%) patients sustained associated injuries (ASOIs), and 78 (8.3%) patients sustained complications. During all periods the occurrence increased with increasing age group and a male preponderance was observed in all age groups. With increasing age, the proportion of injuries due to different etiologies increased and the proportion of femur fracture decreased from 65.2% to 34.5%. With increasing year of admission, the proportion of injuries due to MVCs decreased. The most common fracture sites were tibias in MVCs, femurs in low fall, high fall, and struck by object, feet in sprain. Male patients presented with significantly higher proportions of injuries due to struck by object and sprain, significantly lower proportions of pelvis fracture than the female patients. MVCs and tibias were the most common etiologies and fracture sites. Prevention and treatment should be taken according to the pattern of TLLFs which have specific annual, gender, and age characteristics.

Background Ventricular fibrillation is the main cause of sudden cardiac death among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Substantial benefits could be obtained by both researchers and practitioners if an AMI reperfusion-ventricular fibrillation-cardiac arrest model were established. Methods Twenty swine were anesthetized and underwent occlusion of the left anterior descending branch for 90 minutes prior to blood reperfusion. Throughout this process, continuous 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG) was used to monitor heart rate, rhythm, and electrocardiogram alteration. Thereafter, AMI was confirmed by ECG and left ventricular angiography. Heart tissue was collected for pathological analysis, and for evaluation of the establishment of a model of AMI reperfusion. Results Seven swine died during the model establishment, and the 13 surviving swine were proven to have myocardial infarction; nine of those survivors had ventricular fibrillation–cardiac arrest after reperfusion based on the electrocardiograph and pathological examination. Conclusion Blocking the left anterior descending branch by inflation of an over-the-wire coronary balloon catheter in swine can result in successful establishment of a swine model of AMI and reperfusion–ventricular fibrillation–cardiac arrest, with good reproducibility and a high survival rate.

Outdoor clothing may vary multiple styles by means of opening, closing or replacing zipper and display different exterior profiles and functions in order to better satisfy the needs of outdoor activities. Using zipper as the transformation medium in synchronous transformation experiment for outdoor clothing and bag in style and function, this study realizes the perfect combination of practicality, functionality, aesthetics and enjoyment of products, extends the design concept of functional outdoor clothing and gives suggestions on ecological development of outdoor clothing.

Chloramphenicol-resistance genes could be propagated to the surrounding environment via agricultural application of swine waste. This study investigated the potential risks of chloramphenicol-resistance genes from swine feedlots and their surrounding environment. We applied a culture-independent method to investigate levels of chloramphenicol-resistance genes in the wastewater from swine feedlots and the correspondingly impacted agricultural fields in Beijing. The cmlA, floR, fexA, cfr, and fexB genes were present in all samples, with the highest absolute concentrations of 1.50 × 10(6) copies/g in soil and 6.69 × 10(6) copies/mL in wastewater. The concentration of chloramphenicol residue was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), with the highest concentrations of 0.83 ng/g in soil and 11.5 ng/mL in wastewater. Significant correlations were found between chloramphenicol-resistance genes and chloramphenicol residues (r = 0.79, p = 0.0008) as well as between chloramphenicol-resistance genes in swine feedlots and corresponding agricultural soils (r = 0.84, p = 0.02). Consequently, swine feedlot wastewater could become a source of chloramphenicol-resistance genes, which could then lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance and eventually pose a risk to public health. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the occurrence of floR, fexA, cfr, and fexB genes in the environment using a culture-independent method.

Underwater acoustic communication network (UACN) has been considered as one of the main technologies for underwater communication. But underwater environmental is complex, water is a worse communication medium than the air, and in limited bandwidth. Thus, it is necessary to explore higher communication and network intelligence such as cognitive radio (CR) in UACN. In this paper, a concept of environment-adaptive CR-based UACN is proposed. Furthermore, the design of cross-layer network architecture, cognitive system processing cycle and the obstacle of CR-based UACN realization are described and discussed.

In view of the product development situation in the apparel industry characterized by high consumption of raw materials, the author proposes to use raw materials for one garment to satisfy the function of raw materials for two or more garments. By determining the orientation of experimental products through market research, and using pattern transformation technology experiment of garments and related supplies, the author has designed and made the combination enabling mutual transformation of outdoor clothing and outdoor tent, thus extended the ecological philosophy of garment product development. Furthermore, the author leads consumers to ecological consumption through the eco-product development, and gives suggestions on virtuous cycle of low-carbon production and consumption in the apparel industry.

Users' online behavior, generated from endpoints of e-commerce website and app, is regarded as big data which can create large business value by mining them to acquire insights of users' preference, inclination and purpose. A good ranking result of product search and product assortment in online category classification can lift user's click rate, increase purchasing conversion rate and improve customer online experience. In this paper, we will introduce an online product based learning to rank model to intelligently learn product ranking. A big data architecture will also be introduced to implement this learning to rank model which analyzes huge amount of users' online behavior.

Many areas in China, e.g., Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area, have been suffering from severe air pollution problem in recent years. The haze has jeopardized people's health and aroused deep concern from the public. To understand residents concerns better and leverage the power of the crowd, the government encourages organizations and individuals to participate in environmental protection activities. In this paper, we describe a decision supporting system with a set of algorithms implemented to extract insights from fused physical data (Air Quality Index, AQI) and social data (social buzz). The system provides insights for the government to closely improve its public services to curb the air pollution, including understanding the correlation between AQI and residents sentiment, spot and remove illegal sources of air pollution.

Underwater wireless network (UWN) has been considered as one of the very important technologies for underwater communication, which widely used in scientific research, environmental survey, commercial, military domains, etc. But underwater environmental is complex, water is a worse communication medium than the air, and time-varying in nature. Thus, it is necessary to explore higher communication and network intelligence such as cognitive radio (CR) in UWA. In this paper, a novel environment-adaptive CR-based UWA is proposed. Furthermore, the design of network architecture, cognitive system processing cycle and model of node module are described and discussed.

The dynamic separation of two parallel microplates with an intervening liquid meniscus is studied theoretically. The dynamic model considering the meniscus force and the viscous force between the plates in the separation process was developed. With typical simulation parameters, the magnitudes of various forces were compared before the separation of two parallel plates occurs. It was found that the meniscus force decreases gradually with the increase of separation distance. However there is a sudden jump of the viscous force before it gradually increases, then it decreases dramatically. The influences of various parameters on the separation time were investigated. It was found that the separation time increases with the mass of the upper plate, surface tension, viscosity and volume of the liquid. The separation time decreases with the initial distance and the contact angles of the liquid.

According to medical and physiology study of human health, combined with the authoritative media chronicle , it can be sure that the crawl is a very comprehensive range of whole body movement.This design is based on ergo- new crawl exercise machine. it uses software such as Matlab and ansys ug into Structure design and load analysis , the check and Practical application,it is proved to satisfy a 150 kilograms user’s need. it provides the user with a variety of modes, such as the exercise forwardly or exercise passively. At the same time, it is equipped with the safety precautions and voice control and other perfect facilities.The crawl exercise machine can be used extensively in the family, the hospital, the fitness club, etc.

With the application of ANSYS finite element analysis software and environmental data in ChengDao oil field, a nonlinear finite element model of suspended submarine pipeline coupled with sea-floor soil is developed. Discarding the traditional and imprecise pipeline model with double clamped or simply supported ends, the model is founded on the theory of elastic foundation beam, in which the nonlinear effect between pipeline and sea-floor soil is considered. Base on the model we developed, the influences of span length and shear strength of soil at the ends of span on the span’s natural frequency are discussed. And the effects of span length, shear strength of soil and current velocity on the dynamic response of span are also analyzed in this paper. The model we developed in this paper fits the actual structure better, and the analysis is instructive for preventing and controlling the suspending of submarine pipeline.

Local thinning of submarine pipeline always exists due to the complexity and dynamic of marine environment loads. However, the location and extent of thinning areas are random. Mechanical research on the randomness of local thinning of submarine pipelines is significant for pipeline’s stress analysis and failure evaluation. In this paper, finite element model of locally thinned submarine pipeline is established and based on the Monte-Carlo method, the effect of input random variables on the submarine pipeline’s reliability is analyzed. Probability distribution ranges of equivalent stresses are got and further, relationship equation between confidence level and stress limit has been obtained. The result more accurately reveals the relationships of locally thinned pipeline and its elastic modulus with equivalent stress, which can provide foundation for safety analysis of locally thinned submarine pipeline with internal pressure.

To investigate the effects of aluminum (Al) exposure on peritoneal macrophages of Wistar rats, four groups of ten rats each were orally exposed to 0, 13, 26, and 52 mg kg(-1) Al(3+) in form of aluminum trichloride (AlCl(3)) in drinking water for 120 days. At the end of the experimental period, the Al concentration in serum, the adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis capacity of peritoneal macrophages were determined. The results showed that the Al concentration in serum significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner; the adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis capacity of peritoneal macrophages decreased with the increase of Al dose, and present a dose-effective relationship. Further, they were significantly lower in the high-dose groups (P 0.01) compared with the control group. It indicates that Al was toxic to peritoneal macrophages of rats, and the adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis capacity of peritoneal macrophages in rats were significantly suppressed by exposure to 52 mg kg(-1) day Al(3+).

The paper analyzed the pressures and the temperatures in compression chambers to calculate the bending fatigue strength for small parameter scroll wraps, and a load model is proposed. For the small parameter scroll wraps, the pressure loads can be simplified on the mid-areas and the temperatures are equal to the temperatures of the mid-areas. The pressure loads are of π-region pressures which have a normal angle interval of π, the number of acting regions for pressure loads is equal to the number of scroll compression chamber pairs. Apart from the part situated in the center compression chamber, the temperatures of scroll wrap decrease linearly with the normal angle. Selecting the reasonable discharge, specifying the appropriate material and the parameters, and modifying the starting part of scroll wrap are significant methods to improve fatigue strength of scroll wraps in practice.

Based on analysis of different guidelines and standards for material selection of casing which belong to six companies in four countries, the main factors that influence the material selection of casing have been generalized. Through comparing the safety and corrosion resistance properties of materials recommended by different guidelines in specific conditions, a synthetic guideline has been developed, which can provide a more appropriate suggestion. The environmental conditions and materials adopted in East Sichuan region have been taken for example. By comparing the proposed results with adopted materials of field well completion, it demonstrates that the result provided by the synthetic guideline is accurate and reliable.

The pressures and the temperatures in compression chambers are analyzed, and a load model including the pressure loads and the temperatures is proposed. For the small parameter scroll wraps, the pressure loads can be simplified on the mid-areas and the temperatures are equal to the temperatures of the mid-areas. The pressure loads are of π-region pressures which have a normal angle interval of π, the number of acting regions for pressure loads is equal to the number of scroll compression chamber pairs. Apart from the part situated in the center compression chamber, the temperatures of scroll wrap decrease linearly with the normal angle. Selecting the reasonable discharge, specifying the appropriate material and the parameters, and modifying the starting part of scroll wrap are significant methods to improve fatigue strength of scroll wraps in practice.

A trace analytical procedure was developed to assay the anticancer drugs methotrexate, azathioprine, doxorubicin, doxorubicinol, vincristine, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and procarbazine in water samples from sewage treatment plants. After concentration and purification using Oasis HLB solid-phase extraction cartridges and Oasis WAX cartridges, the analytes were separated using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry operating in the positive ion mode. The method showed good precision and accuracy. Recoveries of all analytes were in the range of 45.3-108.9% with relative standard deviations between 2.4-24.5%. The limits of detection for influent and effluent sewage water were in the range of 0.6-7.0 ng/L and 0.5-3.5 ng/L, respectively. It is expected that this method will be applied to investigate the environmental occurrence of anticancer drugs in sewage water.