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In 17 patients, signs of retroperitoneal gas accumulations were assessed on two planes by plain radiographs, and also by means of sonography and computed tomography. In some cases, diagnosis is possible via the plain radiographs if one knows the retroperitoneal compartments and the typical paths of propagation of both gas and inflammatory processes. Provided that conditions of examination are favourable, sonography can help to determine the seat and aetiology of the disease. In any case, however, computed tomography is clearly superior to both methods. Besides enabling the definite identification of gas accumulations, it provides a means for the exact localization in the retroperitoneal area, and in most cases also for arriving at the final diagnosis. This is important for effective treatment planning.

The possible effectiveness of methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and adriamycin was tested in a phase I/II study of patients with metastasising gastric carcinoma. complete of partial remission occurred in 19 of 30 patients (approximately 63%). Two of 30 patients had complete remission. Median survival time of patients with remission cannot as yet be determined: about 68% are still alive after 17 months. Median survival time of patients with advanced tumour was only five months. The difference in survival curve is statistically significant (P less than 0.05). The study is continuing.

Chapter 9 HP Labs’ Business Optimization Lab is a group of researchers focused on developing innovations in business analytics that deliver value to HP. This chapter describes several activities of the Business Optimization Lab, including work in product portfolio management, prediction markets, modeling of rare events in marketing, and supply chain network design.

369 pneumonectomies carried out within the years 1981 to 1988 and their empyema complications form the basis for a retrospective analysis to assess the outcome of treating pneumonectomy cavity empyema by window healing. During the same period 31 empyema after 322 pneumonectomies to treat bronchial carcinoma are investigated in more detail as far as their therapeutic modalities are concerned. 20 patients received a thoracic window. 18 of 31 patients (58%) could be cured, and 9 of these were in the thoracic window group. The hospital mortality of empyema patients after pneumonectomy amounted to 42%. In an historical comparison no progress could be recognized in the treatment of this septic complication.

The difficulties in the differential diagnosis of jaw cysts are demonstrated by 10 selected case studies. Panorama radiographies are basic for radiodiagnosis. Supplementary radiographs, including CT, are often necessary. In general, the final diagnosis can be given after synopsis of clinical, radiographic and patho-histological findings.

Acute appendicitis is primarily not a radiologically established diagnosis. In atypical abdominal symptoms plain radiographs and additive real-time ultrasonography may often show typical findings especially in complications of acute appendicitis (perforation, abscess formation and ileus). In these cases the differential diagnosis is narrowed and further therapeutic steps may be modified considerably.

The diagnostic possibility of high resolution real time sonography has been investigated in 31 patients with cysts in the neck. The method is of special value preoperatively by demonstrating neighbouring structures, such as the parotid and thyroid glands and the major vessels in the neck; it contributes to differential diagnosis and surgical planning. Lateral cysts, because of their contents, may be highly echogenic and may be difficult to distinguish from lymphomas. The differential diagnosis of various cysts in the neck is discussed. An important aspect of sonography of the neck is the experience of the operator and his detailed knowledge of the local anatomy.

Using representative case studies the diagnostic problems of colonic infiltration in cases of gastric and pancreatic neoplastic or inflammatory lesions are discussed. Typical signs in both barium enema and ultrasonography lead to the detection of secondary bowel wall lesions. Characteristic intraperitoneal pathways of spread and roentgen-morphologic features are important in the attempt to differentiate inflammatory from malignant infiltrations. In these cases ultrasonography, showing a diffuse thickening of gastric or bowel wall, is a useful additional diagnostic tool, which gives further information about topographical relations in the abdomen.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August - 24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the USA. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as well as future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication. Publisher PDF

This paper covers the Rigorous Examination of Reactive Systems (RERS) Challenge 2019. For the first time in the history of RERS, the challenge features industrial tracks where benchmark programs that participants need to analyze are synthesized from real-world models. These new tracks comprise LTL, CTL, and Reachability properties. In addition, we have further improved our benchmark generation infrastructure for parallel programs towards a full automation. RERS 2019 is part of TOOLympics, an event that hosts several popular challenges and competitions. In this paper, we highlight the newly added industrial tracks and our changes in response to the discussions at and results of the last RERS Challenge in Cyprus.