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The objectives of this study were to perform an in-lab validation of the Minnesota Easy Culture System II bi-plate method as compared to standardized laboratory culture methods and to describe inter-reader agreement for bi-plate culture results., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2006

Lago et al (2008) reported that the adoption of an on-farm culture (OFC) system to guide strategic treatment decisions resulted in a reduction in antibiotic use, but no decrease in bacteriological cure risk for mild or moderate cases of clinical mastitis (CM). The objective of this abstract is to describe the effect of the aforementioned treatment program on other short and long term outcomes after CM., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2009

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) alone, or the CMT and on-farm culture (OFC) in series, to diagnose and treat subclinical mastitis after calving., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2009

Bovine mastitis is caused by a variety of pathogens, and treatment of bovine mastitis accounts for the greatest usage of antimicrobials on dairy farms. The possibility of increased resistance caused by usage of antimicrobials for treatment of bovine mastitis is a potential concern for veterinarians. The objective was to describe antimicrobial resistance of gram-positive mastitis pathogens isolated from cases of bovine mastitis., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2009

Mastitis remains the most costly infectious disease, and the most frequent cause of antibacterial use on commercial dairy farms. As such, research should continue on the development and validation of new management tools that will help reduce the health and economic impact of this disease, while at the same time promoting the judicious and strategic use of antimicrobials on dairy farms. The adoption of on-farm culture systems may allow producers to make more strategic mastitis treatment decisions, potentially reducing antimicrobial use while maintaining the future production potential of the cow. The objective of this study was to describe the effect of using an on-farm culture system to guide strategic treatment of clinical mastitis cases on intramammary antibiotic use and bacteriological cure rates in affected quarters., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2008

Identifying and eliminating subclinical intramammary infections (IMI) present at the time of calving could result in milk quality, cow health and production benefits throughout the future lactation. A multi-site, multi-herd, controlled field study aims to validate the efficacy, and to quantify the cost-benefit of incorporating on-farm culture systems into both clinical and subclinical mastitis monitoring and treatment programs. The objective of this manuscript is to present preliminary results describing the prevalence, etiology and self cure rates of subclinical IMI in fresh cows and quarters., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2007

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a metaphylactic prepartum intramammary infusion of 200 mg cephapirin sodium (Cefa-Lak®) per quarter in heifers and mature dairy cows. Treated and control animals from a large, well-managed herd were evaluated for selected production parameters during the immediate post calving period., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2005

Results of two large national studies indicate that the national preweaning mortality rate in dairy heifers has improved very little over the past ten years (10.8% in National Animal health Monitoring Systems (NAHMS), 1993, 8. 7% in NAHMS, 2002). Failure to reduce mortality in preweaned dairy heifers is partially attributable to poor colostrum management practices. In 1993 (NAHMS), 41 % of 2177 calves sampled between 24 and 48 hrs of age suffered from failure of passive transfer (FPT), or low serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations. Numerous studies have demonstrated that failure of passive transfer (FPT; calf serum IgG concentration< 10 mg/ml) is associated with a significant increase in risk for morbidity and mortality in the period between birth and weaning (Fowler, 1999; Wells et al, 1996). Conventional factors considered to be important in an effective colostrum management program have included quantity of colostrum fed, quality of colostrum fed (IgG concentration) and quickness (or age at first feeding). Offering a second feeding of colostrum is also frequently recommended. Recently, calf management experts have also begun to evaluate colostrum cleanliness (total bacteria count or total coliform count) as another potentially important factor. Limited studies have suggested that bacteria counts in colostrum not only serve as a pathogen source, but may also reduce efficiency oflgG absorption in the gut. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the relationship between serum IgG concentrations in dairy calves and the aforementioned colostrum management factors (colostrum quantity, quality, quickness, cleanliness)., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2004

The practice of blanket dry cow antibiotic therapy has been very successful in eliminating many existing infections at dry-off and in preventing new intramammary infections (IMI) during the dry period. However, many new intramammary infections still occur during the dry period due to factors such as delays in keratin plug formation, poor sensitivity of some invading pathogens to intramammary antibiotic preparations, and decreases in antibiotic concentrations near the end of the dry period. The primary objective of this study was to describe whether quarters treated with an internal teat sealant in addition to an antibiotic (treated) at dry-off would develop fewer new intramammary infections during the dry period and early lactation, as compared to quarters treated with antibiotic alone (control). Secondary objectives were to describe the effect of treatment on the prevalence of intramammary infection after calving, the incidence of clinical mastitis events between dry-off and 60 days in milk (DIM), and linear score (LS) after calving., American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2003

SummaryGabexate mesilate (GM), a synthetic serine protease inhibitor with a short half-life time of approx. 80 sec, was applied as the exclusive anticoagulant in small scale extracorporeal circulation in narcotized dogs and sheep. The animals underwent a veno-venous bypass. As the blood was drawn out of the femoral vein, GM was infused immediately into the extracorporeal system. GM was greatly reduced because of its short half-life time before the blood reentered the animal via a brachial vein. In order to control the coagulatory state of the blood, the Activated Clotting Time (ACT), Partial Thromboplastine Time (PTT) and Recalcification Time (RT) were measured in regular intervals. In addition, a screen pressure test device was used to monitor on line during ECC the tendency of blood clotting. It was shown that the blood of the extracorporeal system was sufficiently anticoagulated by an infusion of 0.03 mg/ml/min GM. During two hours ECC, simultaneously measured ACT - values of the animals only differed up to 10 percent from the native values. Pilot studies have shown that the results of these model investigations could be successfully transferred to extracorporeal circulation with membrane oxygenators and pumps as they are clinically used.

Extracorporeal CO2-removal promises to be an efficient alternative to the conservative treatment of advanced lung diseases. Extracorporeal CO2-removal is achieved in a veno-venous bypass in combination with low frequency ventilation. Positive clinical results in the treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are encouraging. In order to prove the applicability of this method to different kinds of respiratory insufficiency, physiological studies using animal models are necessary. We report here on experiments with dogs and sheep undergoing a veno-venous bypass employing a CO2-eliminator. The experimental results are compared with theoretical values which predict the important relationships between blood flow rate of the extracorporeal circulation (ECC), the CO2-elimination capacity of the CO2-eliminator and the low ventilation rate (down to apnea for 5 h) of the natural lung. It was shown that the blood gas data as well as acid base status could be maintained within physiological ranges.