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Malignant thyroid teratoma in adults is a rare tumour with less than 40 cases reported worldwide. Our case is of a 29-year-old man who presented with a thyroid lump and compressive symptoms. He underwent multiple investigations before being diagnosed with a malignant thyroid teratoma. There are no established guidelines in the management of this tumour yet. In this case report, we discuss the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of the patient and reflect on the published literature on this tumour.

Heterotopic Salivary Gland Tissue (HSGT) of the larynx is an extremely rare pathology, with only 8 cases reported in English literature. We are reporting 2 cases of HSGT in the larynx which we encountered in our practice. The first one is a unique presentation of a 45 year old female with HSGT in bilateral false vocal cords. While the second case is 50-year-old male patient with HSGT in the left false vocal cord and subglottic region. With these 2 cases, we would be discussing about the clinical presentation of this rare anomaly and add to the literature.

OBJECTIVE To show the efficiency of using transmastoid atticotomy (TMA) endoscopy on the outcome of ossiculoplasty in patients with cholesteatoma. TMA is often performed as part of the surgical management of patients with middle ear cholesteatoma extending to the epitympanum. TMA can also be used as an access for endoscopic view to confirm the right alignment and stability of the ossicular prosthesis because the reconstruction of the tympanic membrane will obscure the visualization of the prosthesis. METHODS A retrospective study was done at a tertiary referral institute, including 133 ears with cholesteatoma that underwent canal wall-up tympanomastoidectomy (CWU) with ossicular reconstruction using titanium prosthesis between August 2013 and August 2015. Post packing of the ear canal and position, stability, and axis of the prosthesis were checked using endoscope positioned in the attic through TMA. A postoperative pure-tone average air-bone gap (ABG) of 20 dB or less was considered as a successful hearing result. Results are compared with historical control groups. RESULTS Of the 133 ears, 88 patients underwent reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP), whereas the rest (45 patients) had total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP). A postoperative ABG ≤ 20 dB was obtained in 77.4% of all the patients (79.5% for PORP; 73.3% for TORP). CONCLUSION Endoscopic assessment of the ossicular prosthesis via the attic, after repositioning of the tympanomeatal flap and packing the ear canal, decreases the risk of immediate ossiculoplasty failure and improves the functional outcome after ossicular chain reconstruction in cholesteatoma surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Laryngoscope, 129:2754-2759, 2019.

A 40-year-old woman underwent a tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis and previous left peritonsillar abscess. During the surgery, it was noticed that the left-side tonsil was adherent to the tonsillar fossa. Intubation, surgery and the recovery period were uneventful. The next morning, the patient developed left-side facial and neck swelling extending to the midline. Clinical examination showed non-tender soft swelling and crepitus with no shortness of breath nor trismus. Neck X-rays confirmed the diagnosis of surgical emphysema (figure 1A,B). Consequently, the patient was kept nothing by mouth and fed through a nasogastric tube. Intravenous antibiotics and steroids were initiated along with instructions to avoid straining …

Olfactory aplasia is an uncommon cause of anosmia, and it should be suspected in young patients with lifelong decreased sense of smell. The aim of this article was to remind readers about this condition that need to be part of the differential diagnosis in similar clinical scenario, to avoid unnecessary investigation and overtreatment for these patients.

Frequent falls and dizziness are common complaints in children. These symptoms can be caused by wide range of underlying pathologies including peripheral vestibular deficits, cardiac disease, central lesions, motor skills delay and psychogenic disorders. We report three paediatric cases who presented with complaints of repeated falls and imbalance. MRI scan revealed underlying brain lesions (frontal lobe arteriovenous malformation, exophytic brain stem glioma and cerebellomedullary angle arachnoid cyst with cerebellar tonsillar ectopia). By reporting these cases, we would like to emphasise the importance of a thorough assessment of children with similar symptoms by detailed clinical history, physical examination and maintaining low threshold for investigations, including radiological imaging. Taking in consideration, the wide range of differential diagnosis, the challenge of obtaining detailed history and difficulty of performing reliable physical examination in this age group. Management of underlying disorders can be medical, surgical or just observational.

Background. Angiofibroma is a benign tumor, consisting of fibrous tissue with varying degrees of vascularity, characterized by proliferation of stellate and spindle cells around the blood vessels. It most commonly arises from the nasopharynx, although it may rarely arise in extranasopharyngeal sites. Case Report. A 46-year-old male presented with left side nasal obstruction and epistaxis for one month. Clinical nasal examination revealed left sided polypoidal mass arising from the vestibular region of the lateral nasal wall. Results. CT scan and MRI showed highly vascular soft tissue mass occupying the anterior part of the left nostril. Preoperative selective embolization followed by transnasal excision was performed. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnoses of nasal vestibular angiofibroma. Conclusion. Extranasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a very rare pathology. It should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis with any unilateral nasal vestibular mass causing nasal obstruction and epistaxis. A biopsy without further investigation can cause life threatening bleeding in the patient.