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Recent surveys have indicated that the most difficult task for entrepreneurial structures is the selection and training of staffers whose qualities are in keeping with the realities of Russia. Contributing to this difficulty, according to this author, is the fact that the traditional forms and methods of training in colleges and universities are not only failing to foster but are in many ways inhibiting the development of the abilities that young people already had when they enrolled. Hence, the problem of searching for up-to-date forms of organizing the teaching and learning process in higher educational institutions takes on special urgency. In this paper, the author defines the basic qualities that are essential for entrepreneurial activity and presents proposals to revise the basic teaching process and the activities of college and university instructors.

The College of Business and Economics at the University of Idaho conducted a pilot study that used commercially available encryption software called Securexam to deliver computer-based examinations. A multi-step implementation procedure was developed, implemented, and then evaluated on the basis of what students viewed as valuable. Two key aspects in this procedure raised some concern. First, the faculty team conducting the study (the authors of this article) preferred that the encryption software itself not negatively affect students (for example, their score on an examination or their individual psychological response). Second, the authors wanted to provide meaningful support in the form of help with the technology for students to facilitate their use of the encryption software while not biasing their exam scores. The authors based the conceptual links between faculty support activities and the students' examination performance and psychological attributes on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The purpose of this research was not to empirically test the model but to provide the conceptual linkages between practical methods faculty can employ and outcomes associated with students' use of examination encryption software. The results of this study show that giving students the opportunity to practice using encryption software before taking an examination reduces their anxiety, improves their attitudes toward the software, and improves their perceptions of their performance on the examination. Faculty encouragement in using the encryption software also positively affected student attitudes toward the software. Furthermore, none of the faculty activities influenced student grades on the examination, implying that these faculty activities do not bias performance on the exam despite their positive effects on student attitudes. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure, and 14 endnotes.)

I will argue in what follows, following the insights of James Marshall on busno-cratic power, that resistance to this new power is already well underway, and that this resistance is potentially problematic and potentially transgressive (in Marshall's words "a reflective reconstitution"). The self is not only a chooser in busno-cratic land, it is also re-commodifying itself and in so doing, beginning to struggle at the limits of its commodified situation. I will argue that commodified selves, as much as they are constrained, are also potent sites for resistance. Part of that resistance is being waged in the terrain of the high stakes test, where the self that could "choose" runs headlong into a product that definitively limits its range of choice. In order to engage critically with this resistance, I examine the cracks in the monolithic power of testing, cracks that point to the uncertainty of numbers and the ambivalent anxieties of test takers.

The aim of this study is to determine whether the perception of leisure time management and anxiety levels of veterinary faculty students are related or not. For this purpose, among students attending veterinary faculties during the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year, 822 students (410 females and 412 males) randomly participated in a survey. In study, correlation analyses, the independent two-group t test, ANOVA test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis are used. In result, a significant positive correlation is detected between the anxiety level and scheduling, whilst significant negative correlations are determined between the anxiety level and leisure time management behavior, anxiety level and goal setting and measurement, and anxiety level and strategy. It is concluded that male students suffer from a higher anxiety level than female students, and both the geographic region and unit of residence affect leisure time management.

The purpose of this paper is to establish the possible influence of personal and reactive anxiety on personality characteristics, cognitive abilities and performance of basketball actions of basketball players. An empirical study is conducted with basketball players (which are also students at University of Economics – Varna - UEV) in 2016, playing basketball at the Sports Club at the UEV. To establish the level of effectiveness of the students’ game actions, their performances in 9 meetings (10 units of observation) are recorded. ANOVA is used to determine differences in basketball performance measures for individuals with relatively high levels of anxiety and for individuals with relatively low levels of anxiety. One of the indicators is “personal anxiety” (Q6). Another indicator is available. It is “reactive anxiety” (Q7). PSPP is used to analyze the dataset. The ANOVA test shows that there is a statistically significant difference (p

Mobile health (mHealth) screening tools for autism are gaining in prevalence, and have benefits such as video content and direct resources linkage. However, it is unclear whether such tools will ameliorate autism inequities or will help only those already advantaged in autism care. To investigate this issue, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 18 primary care and Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education providers in six US states. Providers were given hypothetical scenarios in which a family presents to care with results from one of 9 mHealth autism screening tools. Providers discussed their clinical approach and assessed the tool's fit with their patient/client population. Each transcript was audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded; a phenomenological approach was used to develop key themes. 4 themes and 18 subthemes emerged. These included Clinical and business factors (e.g. scope of practice concerns and clinical efficiency), Validity and trustworthiness (e.g. familiarity, data privacy/security), Family interaction quality (e.g. supporting family advocacy, provision of information, affecting family anxiety, and emotional support), and Accessibility (e.g. English proficiency/language issues, cultural inclusivity, and literacy/educational level). Providers suggested modifications to enhance equity, such as portraying diverse families, reducing the reading level of text, and making tools shorter to better fit clinical context. Families may find information about autism online, and health care and education providers may use online tools to screen for autism. However, we do not know if online autism screening tools are easily used by families and providers. We interviewed primary care and educational providers, asking them to review results from online tools that screen for autism. Providers had concerns about how usable and accessible these tools are for diverse families and suggested changes to make tools easier to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of Pro Writing Aid (PWA) and the BASDELL model in business English writing classes for management sciences students. The study aimed to enhance students' business English writing skills and reduce writing anxiety. The experiment involved an experimental group and a control group, and the results showed that the use of PWA and the BASDELL model led to improvements in writing skills and reduced anxiety. The article emphasizes the importance of teaching business writing in a way that aligns with technological advancements and the needs of the business field. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the association of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths with mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms for the USA, the UK, India and worldwide using Google Trends. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between relative search volumes (RSVs) and mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms, with the total confirmed COVID-19 cases as well as deaths in the USA, UK, India and worldwide. The sample period starts from the day 100 cases were reported for the first time, which is 7 March 2020, 13 March 2020, 23 March 2020 and 28 January 2020 for the US, the UK, India and worldwide, respectively, and ends on 25 June 2020. Findings: The results indicate a significant increase in anxiety, depression and stress leading to sleeping disorders or insomnia, further deteriorating mental health. The RSVs of employment are negatively significant, implying that people are hesitant to search for new jobs due to being susceptible to exposure, imposed lockdown and social distancing measures and changing employment patterns. The RSVs for financial terms exhibit the varying associations of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the stock market, loans, rent, etc. Research limitations/implications: This study has implications for the policymakers, health experts and the government. The state governments must provide proper medical facilities and holistic care to the affected population. It may be noted that the findings of this study only lead us to conclude about the relationship between COVID-19 cases and deaths and Google Trends searches, and do not as such indicate the effect on actual behaviour. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA, UK and India and at the global level and RSVs for mental health-related, job-related and financial keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using primarily comparative evidence of mental health situation during the COVID-19 pandemic between a Southeast Asian and a European Country, this study was conducted among public and private schools in the Philippines and Latvia, Europe, amidst the COVID-19 pandemic utilizing a standardized Depression, Anxiety, and Stress (DAS) questionnaire. Findings revealed that Latvian teachers experienced higher cases of depression, anxiety, and stress than Filipino teachers. In contrast, Latvian students exhibit lower cases of depression and anxiety than Filipino students. Thus, mental health conditions of both teachers and students of both countries must be prioritized by conducting various programs and activities which further demands that mental health must be considered in academic institutions because when human resource knows how to deal with depression, anxiety, and stress, they also make better choices in life which will make them corollarily become even more productive at work.

Objetivo: Este estudo visa desenvolver um modelo para explicar como o risco percebido e a ansiedade afetam a intenção de fazer transações online. Métodos: Aplicamos uma pesquisa online composta por 285 respondentes válidos. Os dados são analisados por modelagem de equações estruturais usando Smart-PLS 3.2.8 com a aplicação do modelo PLS-PM por meio da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que os riscos sociais, físicos e de desempenho não foram significativos para explicar a intenção de realizar transações online. Apesar da relevância desses riscos, o tempo, a ansiedade e os riscos psicológicos foram significativamente influentes. Contribuições teóricas: Embora a literatura demonstre que a ansiedade do uso de tecnologia pode ser um catalisador de riscos percebidos, esta pesquisa constatou que a tecnologia não afetou fortemente a amostra de consumidores analisada. Assim, os respondentes se sentem positivamente mais seguros ao realizar transações financeiras online. Esta pesquisa avança nas discussões sobre os consumidores que realizam uma transação online enfrentando riscos emocionais, físicos e financeiros. Contribuições práticas: Este estudo evidencia que o comportamento do consumidor tem sido menos afetado por fatores emocionais como ansiedade e percepção de risco oriundos do uso das tecnologias digitais para realizar transações online. Um aspecto relevante a ser explorado por gestores e tomadores de decisão e explorar mais o fator conveniência em suas ações, o que diminuirá mais ainda os efeitos da percepção de risco e ansiedade na realização de transações online. Assim, ao compreender como o consumidor se comporta durante uma transação online, eles poderão melhorar as ações para favorecer uma transação bem-sucedida.

The goal of this study was to empirically evaluate the association between perceived threat and anxiety on coping behaviors (protective action, seeking help, avoidance) of Kebumen district e-banking users. By disseminating surveys via a Google form, 121 study samples were acquired. Purposive sampling was utilized in this study, with the criteria of respondents obtained by e-banking. In this work, structural equation modeling is used to evaluate hypotheses using the WarpPLS version 7.0 program. The findings of hypothesis testing demonstrate that perceived threats and anxiety have an influence on coping behavior; however, there is no evidence that perceived threats lead to avoidance. According to the findings of this study, threats have no effect on respondents' usage of e-banking because it has become a daily requirement.

Background: The physical and mental health of corporate employees is equally important, especially for international salespeople in the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical device industry. The rapid growth of the IVD market is driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among international salespeople in China's IVD industry and identify the association of socio-demographic, occupational, organizational, and psychosocial factors with mental health outcomes for depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms in Chinese IVD international salespeople. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional survey of international salespeople (ISs) in IVD companies officially registered in China. An online survey was designed to collect data through email contact with IVD companies and social media between August 2022 and March 2023. Measured factors included effort-reward imbalance (ERI), health-promoting leadership (HPL), health climate (HC), inner strength (IS), and perceived social support (PSS). Mental health outcomes assessed using the Core Symptom Index (CSI) were depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms. Results: A total of 244 salespeople responded to the survey. CSI scores indicated that 18.4% (n = 45) and 10.2% (n = 25) of the respondents had symptoms of major depression and anxiety, respectively. ERI was positively correlated, while the IS and PSS were negatively correlated with major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (p < 0.01). The health climate was negatively correlated with major depression (p < 0.05). Education background was associated with somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). ERI, IS, and gender were significant predictors of major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression and anxiety in China's IVD international salespeople was considered low compared with the prevalence in Chinese populations during COVID-19 but higher than those before the pandemic. Effort–reward imbalance, inner strength, and gender were significant factors in major depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms among IVD international salespeople. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing studies show that the COVID‐19 pandemic influences employee outcome in the work domain. However, the impact of business threat due to COVID‐19 on employee daily insomnia remains unexplored. Addressing this research gap can help scholars understand the risks of COVID‐19 in the non‐work domain. Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we explore how and when business threat due to COVID‐19 triggers employee insomnia. Using an experience sampling methodology where 89 employees are surveyed for 7 workdays, our multilevel analyses show that employee daily hope and workplace anxiety mediate the effects of business threat due to COVID‐19 on employee insomnia. Furthermore, socially responsible human resource management (SRHRM) practices weaken the negative relationship between business threat due to COVID‐19 and employees' hope and mitigate the positive relationship between business threat due to COVID‐19 and their workplace anxiety. We also find that SRHRM practices influence the indirect effect of business threat due to COVID‐19 on employee insomnia via workplace anxiety. Our study helps understand the underlying mechanisms in the relationship between business threat due to COVID‐19 and employee insomnia and further sheds light on the role of SRHRM in mitigating the destructive effect of business threat due to COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Omnichannel is not just a marketing, e-commerce, or customer support buzzword. This future customer engagement platform helps businesses communicate with customers through centralized channels on a smart interface. It is difficult to achieve customer loyalty when the risk in online transactions, which creates anxiety, exists in all transaction processes in an omnichannel system. Hence, the purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of anxiety on relationships when clients purchase from an omnichannel platform using the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) paradigm. To fulfill study aims, qualitative and quantitative research approaches were used. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used to acquire qualitative data, while survey responses from 485 participants were used to collect quantitative data. This study’s results revealed relationships between consumer psychology factors such as perceived mental benefits, hedonic value, and anxiety. Moreover, customer anxiety in omnichannel can be measured as a novel and exact concept in marketing science and have a moderating role in the effect of perceived mental benefits on electronic loyalty and perceived mental benefits on hedonic value in omnichannel systems. As a result, enterprises were also offered various managerial implications to develop their omnichannel system.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a scale to measure coronavirus shopping anxiety. Numerous studies have developed a scale for measuring coronavirus anxiety and fear, notably absent is a concerted effort to review and assess the impact of coronavirus on the shopping anxiety of consumers. This scale fulfills this gap. Design/methodology/approach – The steps taken for checking the various psychometrics of the scale include item generation, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) through SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis through AMOS. The data were collected from over 208 respondents. Findings – This study resulted in the development of a nine-item scale with robust psychometric properties. The scale resulted in highlighting two factors related to anxiety: in-store shopping anxiety and online shopping anxiety. Research limitations/implications – The scale developed has the desirable reliable and valid properties that could be used by aspiring researchers. Practical implications – The scale developed highlighted that the restrictions in shopping impact the mental health and psychology of consumers. The scale resulted in analyzing the factors related to shopping anxiety, which could give top management a perspective and vision to look into the minds of the consumer's shopping anxiety behaviors. Social implications – Companies, firms, health professionals and marketers could use this scale to investigate the various shopping anxiety perceptions among consumers in society. Originality/value – This research fills the gap by developing a first nine-item scale based on the qualitative research and quantitative assessment for measuring shopping anxiety caused due to the pandemic. 研究目的 – 本研究擬設計一個等級表、以量度新型冠狀病毒肺炎肆虐期間之購物焦慮和不安。至目前為止,已有很多研究成功設計等級表、以量度人們對新型冠狀病毒肺炎的焦慮和恐懼。唯就學術研究而言,顯然缺乏協同一致的努力、去仔細審核和評估新型冠狀病毒肺炎對消費者購物焦慮的影響。本研究擬設計一個有關的等級表,以填補這個研究缺口。 研究設計/方法/理念 – 研究人員檢查其設計之等級表的各個心理測量學時所採用的步驟包括:項目生成,以及透過統計產品與服務解決方案軟件 (SPSS) 而進行的探索性因素分析、和透過AMOS而進行的驗證性因素分析。數據取自208名以上的受訪者。 研究結果 – 本研究成功設計了一個具有嚴格心理測量特性的九項目等級表。這個等級表、使人注意到與焦慮相關的兩個因素,就是:店內購物的焦慮和網絡購物的焦慮。 研究的原創性/價值 – 本研究透過定性研究和定量評估、設計了首個九項目等級表、來量度大流行病導致的購物焦慮; 就此而言,本研究填補了有關的研究缺口。

Sports are generally competitive and stressful. Competitive sport anxiety in athletes affects sports self-efficacy. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of competitive anxiety and mindfulness with sports self-efficacy of male athletes mediated by family cohesion. The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study covered all male athletes in Masjed Soleyman, Iran in 2021, and a sample of 258 athletes was selected using convenience sampling. The research tools included the Sports Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Competitive Sports Anxiety Questionnaire, the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport, and the Family Cohesion Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis, and indirect correlations were tested with bootstrapping. The results suggested that all direct paths to sport self-efficacy were significant except athletic mindfulness (p