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3 results on '"Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology"'

1. Update on World Health Organization HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Assessment Strategy: 2004–2011

Author

Silvia Bertagnolio, A. De Luca, James H McMahon, Joseph H. Perriëns, Alexandra Calmy, Diane V. Havlir, Elliot Raizes, Lynn Morris, Michael R. Jordan, Andrew N. Phillips, C P Archibald, Martine Peeters, Donlad Sutherland, Jean B. Nachega, Mark A. Wainberg, Annemarie M. J. Wensing, Craig McClure, Steven Y. Hong, Neil Parkin, Scott M. Hammer, Paul Sandstrom, N. Dedes, Chunfu Yang, Diane E Bennett, and Elvin Geng

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Gerontology, HIV Infections/drug therapy, Drug Resistance, Developing country, Supplement Articles, HIV Infections, 030312 virology, Settore MED/17 - MALATTIE INFETTIVE, Global Health, World Health Organization, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Environmental health, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Global health, Humans, Viral, 030212 general & internal medicine, Developing Countries, Health policy, Accreditation, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Warning system, business.industry, Health Policy, medicine.disease, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, General partnership, World Health, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology, business, HIV drug resistance
Abstract

The HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) prevention and assessment strategy, developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in partnership with HIVResNet, includes monitoring of HIVDR early warning indicators, surveys to assess acquired and transmitted HIVDR, and development of an accredited HIVDR genotyping laboratory network to support survey implementation in resource-limited settings. As of June 2011, 52 countries had implemented at least 1 element of the strategy, and 27 laboratories had been accredited. As access to antiretrovirals expands under the WHO/Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS Treatment 2.0 initiative, it is essential to strengthen HIVDR surveillance efforts in the face of increasing concern about HIVDR emergence and transmission.

Published
2012

2. Predictors for the Emergence of the 2 Multi-nucleoside/nucleotide Resistance Mutations 69 Insertion and Q151M and their Impact on Clinical Outcome in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

Author

Sabine Yerly, Alexandra U. Scherrer, Thomas Klimkait, Beda Joos, Bruno Ledergerber, Viktor von Wyl, Philippe Bürgisser, Jürg Böni, Huldrych F. Günthard, University of Zurich, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, CA., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, HH., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., de Tejada BM., Taffé, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Subjects
10028 Institute of Medical Virology, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Cause of Death, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Didanosine, Cause of death, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, Mutation, biology, Mortality rate, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Lentivirus, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Switzerland, Cohort study, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use, Case-Control Studies, Didanosine/pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral/genetics, HIV Infections/drug therapy, HIV Infections/mortality, HIV-1/drug effects, HIV-1/genetics, Humans, Logistic Models, Switzerland/epidemiology, Anti-HIV Agents, 610 Medicine & health, Major Articles and Brief Reports, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Viral, Internal medicine, medicine, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Case-control study, 2725 Infectious Diseases, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, Immunology, HIV-1, 570 Life sciences, business
Abstract

The 69 insertion and Q151M mutations are multi-nucleoside/nucleotide resistance mutations (MNR). The prevalence among 4078 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced individuals was

Published
2011

3. Impact of Previous Virological Treatment Failures and Adherence on the Outcome of Antiretroviral Therapy in 2007

Author

Marie Ballif, Bruno Ledergerber, Manuel Battegay, Matthias Cavassini, Enos Bernasconi, Patrick Schmid, Bernard Hirschel, Hansjakob Furrer, Martin Rickenbach, Milos Opravil, Rainer Weber, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, HC., Bürgisser, P., Calmy, A., Cattacin, S., Cavassini, M., Dubs, R., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fischer, M., Flepp, M., Fontana, A., Francioli, P., Furrer, H., Fux, C., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Hirsch, H., Hirschel, B., Hösli, I., Kahlert, Ch., Kaiser, L., Karrer, U., Kind, C., Klimkait, T., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez, B., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Opravil, M., Paccaud, F., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schmid, P., Schultze, D., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Taffe, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., Yerly, S., University of Zurich, and Ledergerber, B

Subjects
Male, HIV Infections/ drug therapy, Public Health and Epidemiology/Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, 10234 Clinic for Infectious Diseases, Cohort Studies, Epidemiology, ddc:576.5, Treatment Failure, lcsh:Science, Multidisciplinary, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology/ therapeutic use, Infectious Diseases/HIV Infection and AIDS, Viral Load, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral/genetics, Adult, Anti-Retroviral Agents/pharmacology, Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, HIV Infections/drug therapy, HIV-1/drug effects, Humans, Medication Adherence, Patient Selection, Switzerland, Viral Load/drug effects, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Virology/Immunodeficiency Viruses, RNA, Viral, Viral load, Research Article, Cohort study, Cart, medicine.medical_specialty, 610 Medicine & health, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Pharmacotherapy, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Internal medicine, medicine, 1000 Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, Surgery, Clinical trial, Regimen, HIV-1, lcsh:Q, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) has been very successful, especially among selected patients in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to describe outcomes of cART on the population level in a large national cohort. METHODS: Characteristics of participants of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study on stable cART at two semiannual visits in 2007 were analyzed with respect to era of treatment initiation, number of previous virologically failed regimens and self reported adherence. Starting ART in the mono/dual era before HIV-1 RNA assays became available was counted as one failed regimen. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for virological failure between the two consecutive visits. RESULTS: Of 4541 patients 31.2% and 68.8% had initiated therapy in the mono/dual and cART era, respectively, and been on treatment for a median of 11.7 vs. 5.7 years. At visit 1 in 2007, the mean number of previous failed regimens was 3.2 vs. 0.5 and the viral load was undetectable (4 previous failures compared to 1 were 0.9 (95% CI 0.4-1.7), 0.8 (0.4-1.6), 1.6 (0.8-3.2), 3.3 (1.7-6.6) respectively, and 2.3 (1.1-4.8) for >2 missed cART doses during the last month, compared to perfect adherence. From the cART era, odds ratios with a history of 1, 2 and >2 previous failures compared to none were 1.8 (95% CI 1.3-2.5), 2.8 (1.7-4.5) and 7.8 (4.5-13.5), respectively, and 2.8 (1.6-4.8) for >2 missed cART doses during the last month, compared to perfect adherence. CONCLUSIONS: A higher number of previous virologically failed regimens, and imperfect adherence to therapy were independent predictors of imminent virological failure.

Published
2009
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