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Background: Post partumhemorrhage (PPH) is an important cause of maternal mortality accounting for nearly 15-20% of maternal deaths in India. Oxytocic drugs like oxytocin, ergot alkaloids, and various prostaglandins are being used for active management of third stage of labour. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Al Ameen Medical College, Vijayapur, in 400 women. Patients were randomized into four groups of 100 each and were given oxytocic within 60 seconds of delivery anterior shoulder of the baby. Oxytocics used were 10 IU intramuscular oxytocin,125 µg intramuscular carboprost, 0.2 mg intravenous methylergometrine, and 800 µg tablet misoprostol per rectally in groups A, B, C and D respectively. Results: Duration of third stage of labor recorded was minimum with carboprost with mean duration of 3.84+/-0.99 minutes and was maximum with methylergometrine with mean duration of 5.04+/-1.02 minutes. Amount of blood loss observed was minimum with carboprost (mean 131 +/-72.037 ml) and maximum with Methylergometrine (mean 435+/-147.578 ml). Hemoglobin drop was also seen more with Methylergometrine with mean drop of 0.872+/-0.458 gm% and minimally with carboprost with mean drop of 0.236 +/-0.221 gm%. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that carboprost is the uterotonic of choice followed by oxytocin for active management of third stage of labor.

Background: Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) with extensive coronal destruction are more prone to fracture, so restoring these teeth with techniques that will not compromise the integrity of remaining tooth structure with the use of Post and core systems to retain full and final crown restorations seems mandatory. Anatomic posts have been introduced which have better adaptability to the canal anatomy and conserve more amount of tooth structure. Aim: This study was done to compare the fracture resistance of ETT restored with two anatomic post systems elastic FRC post (everStick) and self adapting PFS (Spirapost). Materials and Methods: Twenty single rooted maxillary central incisors were selected for the study. All the samples were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10) according to the post system used (PFS post – Group I, FRC– Group II). In all the samples, post space preparation was done and the posts were luted using dual cure resin cement (Para core, Coltene, Mumbai, India).The remaining core was built using composite resin (Filtek, 3M, ESPE, USA). The samples were stored in saline for one week. All the samples were thermocycled for 500 cycles from 5 to 55 0 c ±5 0 c with a dwelling time of 30 seconds in each bath and a transfer time of five seconds. Fracture resistance of the samples was measured using universal testing machine. The obtained data was statistically analyzed by using independent t test. Results: There was no statistically siginificant difference between fracture resistance values of FRC and PFS groups. 30% and 70% of the samples of PFS and FRC showed favourable fractures respectively. Conclusion: In this study it was concluded that fracture resistance of PFS was comparable to that of FRC post. However FRC group showed predominantly more number of favourable fractures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among adolescent girls and to associate the PMS with demographic variables.Methods: Quantitative approach and non-experimental descriptive research design was used. The data collection included three parts. Part A: Demographic variables, Part B: Clinical variables, and Part C: A structured questionnaire to assess the prevalence of PMS among adolescent girls. A total of 100 students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were chosen as samples using non-probability convenient sampling technique. The study was conducted at SRM College of Nursing, SRM University, Kattankulathur.Results: The data were analyzed and interpreted based on the objectives using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study concluded that 26 (26%) of adolescent girls have mild level of PMS; 55 (55%) have moderate level of PMS; and 19 (19%) have severe level of PMS and there is no association between the “demographic variables” and the “levels of PMS.”Conclusion: PMS is an issue that every girl and woman has to deal with in her life. There is a lack of information on the process of menstruation and the physical and psychological changes associated with this and proper requirements for managing PMS. The current study proved that most of the adolescent girls were suffering from PMSs.Keywords: Premenstrual syndrome, Physical, Cognitive-affective and behavioral symptoms, Menstruation.

An experiment was carried out to reevaluate the response of LiF TLD-100 rods (1 mmx1 mmx6 mm) at different depths in a water substituting phantom to provide an answer to a prevailing controversy about the over-response of LiF to the softened photon spectra of 192Ir HDR source at depths in phantom due to its photon energy dependence. Claims of some authors that LiF TLDs over-responds by 8.5% at 10 cm depth in phantom, necessitating depth-dependent correction factors even for an 192Ir source and of some others for no over-response were evaluated. The over-response of LiF TLD-100 rods, against a calibrated ion chamber having a photon energy-independent response within 2%, was found to be not exceeding 2.5% at a depth of 10 cm in the phantom as compared to a depth at 1 cm, for a precision of the order of +/- 1% (1sigma) in the TLD measurements. By using ISO equivalent photon beams, photon energy dependence of the dosimeters was evaluated and for LiF TLD-100 rods it was found to be in close agreement (within 3%) with the ratios of mass energy absorption coefficients of LiF and water in the range of effective photon energy from 26 keV to 1.25 MeV. Parameters that could contribute to the discrepancy in the reported values of experimental results have been discussed.

Objective To compare the diagnostic performance of an artificial intelligence deep learning system with that of expert neuro-ophthalmologists in classifying optic disc appearance. Methods The deep learning system was previously trained and validated on 14,341 ocular fundus photographs from 19 international centers. The performance of the system was evaluated on 800 new fundus photographs (400 normal optic discs, 201 papilledema [disc edema from elevated intracranial pressure], 199 other optic disc abnormalities) and compared with that of 2 expert neuro-ophthalmologists who independently reviewed the same randomly presented images without clinical information. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Results The system correctly classified 678 of 800 (84.7%) photographs, compared with 675 of 800 (84.4%) for Expert 1 and 641 of 800 (80.1%) for Expert 2. The system yielded areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96-0.98), 0.96 (95% CI = 0.94-0.97), and 0.89 (95% CI = 0.87-0.92) for the detection of normal discs, papilledema, and other disc abnormalities, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the system's classification of optic discs were similar to or better than the 2 experts. Intergrader agreement at the eye level was 0.71 (95% CI = 0.67-0.76) between Expert 1 and Expert 2, 0.72 (95% CI = 0.68-0.76) between the system and Expert 1, and 0.65 (95% CI = 0.61-0.70) between the system and Expert 2. Interpretation The performance of this deep learning system at classifying optic disc abnormalities was at least as good as 2 expert neuro-ophthalmologists. Future prospective studies are needed to validate this system as a diagnostic aid in relevant clinical settings. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:785-795.