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Equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF) is a recently described form of interstitial pneumonia associated with equine herpesvirus type 5 (EHV-5). This disease has been reported in North and South America, Europe and Oceania but not, to our knowledge, in horses in Japan. We diagnosed EMPF in two Thoroughbred horses in Japan on the basis of gross and histopathological findings. In both cases, significant gross lesions, restricted to the lungs, consisted of numerous firm and coalescing nodules widely distributed throughout the lung. The nodules were3 cm in diameter and pale white to tan in colour. Microscopically, they showed severe interstitial fibrosis and infiltration of macrophages, neutrophils, lymphocytes and a few eosinophils. The residual alveoli were lined by cuboidal epithelial cells (type II pneumocytes) and filled with many macrophages, which rarely displayed oval eosinophilic to amphophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies. Polymerase chain reaction and sequence analyses identified the glycoprotein H gene of EHV-5, and in-situ hybridization detected EHV-5 in the alveolar macrophages in the lesions. In one case, electron microscopy revealed herpesvirus-like particles and EHV-5 was isolated from pulmonary lesions.

Serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), a marker of equine cryptorchidism, is detectable in intact and cryptorchid stallions but not in geldings because it is secreted from Sertoli cells. A 4-year-old uncastrated Thoroughbred racehorse had no visible testes; therefore, the horse was considered a bilateral cryptorchidism. However, the serum AMH was undetectable (

One of the most important issues in semiconductor manufacturing is to suppress variation of characteristics in semiconductor devices within a wafer, in order to enhance production yield. In this report, an intentional two-dimensional (2D) nonuniform ion implantation system, named the “MIND System”, is introduced and the effects of the system on suppression of some kind of variations are reviewed.

spread of pathogens to other patients or surfaces. Therefore cleaning and disinfection are paramount for keeping the environment and fomites safe for animals andhumans in ahospital and field environments. Studies in humans and veterinary settings have shown that contaminated environment and fomites (stethoscopes, thermometers, etc.) are routinely found, thus posing a risk for disease transmission. Furthermore routine cleaning and disinfection has been shown to be effective in decreasing the bioburden on environmental surfaces, thus decreasing the chances of disease transmission. Practices such as improved education and training, checklists to assure that all surfaces and equipment/devises are treated and assessment of environmental cleanliness with feedback to the environmental service worker have been shown in human medicine to improve frequency of adequate cleaning by 71 to 77%. Practices like these, with the added environmental surveillance cultures for Salmonella spp.were instituted by the author with success in the past in both the field and hospital environments. Even though studies have shown that environmental cleaning and disinfection reduces pathogen loads, thesemeasures should be complementedbyother interventions that strengthen and complement it. For example monitoringof Salmonella shedderswill enhanced infection control practices byperformingamore thorough cleaninganddisinfection of high risk areas. Moreover biosecurity education of personnel involved with animal care would increase engagement and compliance, thus strengthening infectious control measures.

Background As we reported previously, Getah virus infection occurred in horses at the Miho training center of the Japan Racing Association in 2014. This was the first outbreak after a 31-year absence in Japan. Here, we report a recurrent outbreak of Getah virus infection in 2015, sequential to the 2014 one at the same site, and we summarize its epizootiological aspects to estimate the risk of further outbreaks in upcoming years. Results The outbreak occurred from mid-August to late October 2015, affecting 30 racehorses with a prevalence of 1.5 % of the whole population (1992 horses). Twenty-seven (90.0 %) of the 30 affected horses were 2-year-olds, and the prevalence in 2-year-olds (27/613 [4.4 %]) was significantly higher than that in horses aged 3 years or older (3/1379 [0.2 %], P

To clarify the factors causing an outbreak in 2014 of Getah virus infection among racehorses at the Miho training center, Japan, we isolated virus strains and performed an epizootiological investigation of affected horses and related horse populations. Three Getah virus isolates were recovered from clinical samples, and one of them (14-I-605) was used in a virus-neutralizing test. Of the affected horses ( n = 33), 20 (60.6%) were 2-year-olds. We investigated the histories of Getah virus vaccination of the affected horses and the whole population at the Miho training center. Among the 2-year-old population, the prevalence of the disease in horses that had been vaccinated once was 14.1%. This was significantly higher than that in horses that had been vaccinated twice or more (1.3%; P < 0.01). Among horses that had entered the training center from farms in Ibaraki Prefecture surrounding the training center and from neighboring Chiba Prefecture, the rate of seropositivity for Getah virus was 13.0% in September 2014 and 42.9% in October 2014; that in the corresponding periods in 2010 and 2013 was 0%. In conclusion, we identified two possible causes of the outbreak of Getah virus infection in the training center in 2014: (i) the existence of susceptible horses that had received only one dose of vaccination before the outbreak and (ii) increased risk of exposure to the virus because of epizootic Getah virus infection among horses on surrounding farms in Ibaraki and Chiba prefectures.

Needless to say, productivity of ion implantation processes is a very important issue for economical device fabrication. Reduction of implant areas is one of the essential keys to increase a beam utilization factor for high-current ion implanters. SEN already developed the X-, Y-, D-, and F-SAVING system to address this issue. This time, another SAVING system, the O-SAVING, has been developed for the SHX-III/S. In result, the system reduces implant time in 40% from the original implant and more than 10% from the F-SAVING. This system can freely change the beam scan widths and positions, keeping the beam scan frequency constant. In this manner not only good uniformity is ensured but also a shape of implant area can be freely selected from arbitrary shapes such as a circle, a triangle, a semicircle, and so on.

SEN Corporation has developed a very flexible dose pattern modulation system called “MIND+”. This system can be used for yield enhancement by compensating for variation induced by other processes. In this paper, another important feature of SEN’s single-wafer implanters is introduced. The system is called the “MILD” system, standing for “Maskless Implantation for Local Doping.” MILD provides the capability to implant dopants at any positions on a wafer without hard masks or photo-resist patterns. In this paper, MILD system operation and results will be described.

Productivity of an ion implantation process is one of the critical issues for device fabrication. Reduction of implant area is a key factor to increase beam utilization for high-current implanters. SEN has already developed the X-, Y- and D-SAVING systems to address this issue. These allow reduction of beam scan length horizontally along the center line, vertically and horizontally along the right hand side of the wafer off the center line, respectively. These SAVING systems are is use for volume manufacturing by several semiconductor fabs. The F-SAVING system is the latest development for the SHX-III. One of the most important features in the F-SAVING system is the introduction of two-dimensional information on beam size for additional reduction of implant area. In this report, detail concepts of the F-SAVING system will be discussed.

Equipment productivity is a critical issue for device fabrication. For ion implantation, productivity is determined both by ion current at the wafer and by utilization efficiency of the ion beam. Such improvements not only result in higher fabrication efficiency but also reduce consumption of both electrical power and process gases. For high‐current ion implanters, reduction of implant area is a key factor to increase efficiency. SEN has developed the SAVING system (Scanning Area Variation Implantation with Narrower Geometrical pattern) to address this opportunity. In this paper, three variations of the SAVING system are introduced along with discussion of their effects on fab productivity.

This paper presents a case of inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver in a 76-year-old female. She was admittedto the hospital because of general fatigue and low grade fever. Laboratory data showed increase in ESR and CRP, and mild impairment of liver function, but tumor markers remained normal.Image diagnosis following computedtomography, ultrasonography revealed a space occupying lesion in the right lobe of the liver. Hepatic angiographyrevealed a hypervasucular lesion surrounded with obstructed small vessels.The tumor size was found to bediminished on echography performed one month later. These findings suggested an inflammatory pseudotumor ofthe liver. Since we could not rule out the malignant tumor, subsegmentectomy (S4, S5) of the liver wasuneventfully performed. The cut surface of the tumor was yellowish-white, and 3.0×2.0×1.5cm in size.Histologically, the tumor was characterized by fibrous cell proliferation and chronic inflammatory cells, indicatingchronic inflammatory tumor.This disease should be entertain as one of probable tumor lesions of the liver andneedle biopsy can provide the definite diagnosis.The previous reports comprising 19 cases of pseudotumor of theliver in Japan are also reviewed.

For improvement of device yield within a wafer, the SEN's MIND system is powerful tool. It is found out that one can compensate variations from other manufacturing processes of semiconductor devices and can fabricate the “same” semiconductor devices with using the MIND system.

症例は57歳女性で心窩部痛, 黄疸を主訴として入院, 胆嚢総胆管結石症に伴う閉塞性黄疸と診断した.しかし術前検査にて胃粘膜下腫瘍を認めたため, 噴門側胃切除術および胆嚢摘出術, 総胆管切石術を施行した.腫瘍は胃体上部小弯側に存在, 4.5×4×2.2cmで頂部に潰瘍形成を伴っていた.組織学的には平均筋性腫瘍との鑑別が困難であったが, S-100蛋白染色陽性, Actin染色陰性を示したことから, 胃悪性神経鞘腫と診断しえた.胃神経原性腫瘍の悪性化例はきわめてまれとされており, 本報告例は本邦11例目と思われる.本症は良悪性の鑑別を含めた術前診断が困難であり, 組織診断においても平滑筋性腫瘍との鑑別に難渋する症例が存在する.しかし, 近年免疫組織化学染色の発達により, 客観的な鑑別が可能になってきた.また予後に関しては, 血行性転移の頻度が高く今後この点から治療方針を検討すべきと考えられる.

消化管原発悪性リンパ腫手術症例17例の予後因子および治療について検討した.Naqviら2) の分類では5年生存率は1, II期 (11例) 74.1%, III, IV期 (6例) 33.3% (p

Cystosarcoma phyllodes is occasionally encountered, but its diagnosis is likely to depend on histological examination after its removal. Only a few comprehensive studies concerning its noninvasive diagnosis have been reported. Therefore, focal findings in the breast and ultrasound findings of tumors were investiaged in six cases of cystosarcoma phillodes. The sizes of the tumors were 3 to 19cm in diameter, and one of them had extensive skin ulceration, which is rare, but differential diagnosis from other malignant diseases with skin ulceration is quite important. Histological examinations revelaed benign cystosarcoma phillodes in all cases which coincided with the findings of the ultrasound examination. The characteristic findings of ultrasound examination were solid and sometimes cystic patterns with smooth and well defined tumor margins with no acoustic attenuation. Cystosarcoma phillodes can be diagnosed preoperatively with the combination of careful observation of its clinical manifestations and the use of ultrasound examination.

This paper proposes a new non-expansive convolution for nonlinear-phase paraunitary filter banks (NLPPUFBs). First, we present that any NLPPUFBs can be implemented by connecting several block transforms. Next, we show a signal extension method at the analysis bank by exploiting the characteristics of that structure. Furthermore, we prove that the signal can be reconstructed at the synthesis bank without any redundant signals. Finally, we apply the proposed extension to image coding to validate our method