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Background: Emerging evidence shows that clopidogrel is greatly affected by non-functioning alleles measured by P2Y12 or platelet reactivity units (PRU). Cardiac events during short in-hospital stays have been inconclusively suggested as the main causes of discrepancies. Objectives: Evaluate the impact of CYP2C19 allele * 2 and allele * 3 on PRU and the potential clinical consequences of such interaction. To establish a rough estimation for the safe PRU limits for short in-hospital stay following PCI. Method: A short-term experimental study was conducted with 90 patients who underwent coronary angioplasty with drug eluting stents at the Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, Buraidah. All the patients received an initial loading dose of 300 mg clopidogrel, followed by 75 mg daily. Blood samples were used for DNA extraction for cytochrome P450 (CYP) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for genotyping. PRU and inhibition rate were tested by Verifynow®. All in-hospital cardiac events were recorded until patients were discharged. Results: Genotypes 1/1, 2/2, and 1/2 were expressed by 60, 28, and two patients (67, 32, and 3%), respectively. The PRU of the female patients was significantly higher than that of the male patients was (255.6 ± 68.8 and 177.7 ± 66.6, p = 0.000, respectively). There was no significant difference in PRUs (193 ± 79 and 212 ±55.4, respectively, p = 0.349), nor inhibition (17.9 ± 18.80 and 13.88 ± 11.5, p = 0.135) in wild and resistant variants, respectively. We only reported one cardiac in-thrombosis events. Conclusion: Genotype differences may not explain variations in the PRU of patients during short-term in-hospital stays. Although it is difficult to confirm, 117–267 units may be a safe PRU range for such patients, with emphasis on attaining higher PRU values in females.

The expansion in diabetes frequency, joined with its drawn out entanglements, will extraordinarily increment in the weight of heath care. Subsequently, training on self-care of individual with diabetes and forestalling its confusions could diminish the weight of the illness later on. This examination intended to survey the impact of diabetes self-care instructive program on control of non-insulin subordinate diabetes mellitus NIDDM utilizing HgbA1c as an intermediary pointer.

Background: Due to the lack of data and studies concerning about measurement of population awareness about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in Al Majmaah city, this study aims at determining the level of population awareness among Al Majmaah adult population in Saudi Arabia. Aims: To study the awareness of CTS among adult population in Al Majmaah city, Saudi Arabia, and to estimate the overall prevalence of CTS. In addition, to look for the relationship between CTS and chronic disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 386 individuals were covered, both males and females in the targeted areas. A standardized questionnaire was used to cover 11 different aspects concerning CTS. SPSS package was used to analyze the data collected from the sample. Results: The result of scoring system shows that 54 of participants (14.0%) have CTS. Approximately, 30% of them are thought that the main symptom is pain in wrist. However, 26.7% think that tingling and numbness in fingers is the main manifestation. The most causes that population think that leads to the CTS are trauma, repeated hand physical activities such as using computer, taping, and wrist fracture or dislocation by 33.8%, 29.1%, and 21.4% respectively. There is relationship between patients who had chronic diseases and CTS [sig = 0.000]. CTS cause a strong effect on social life by 79.01% of participant though that CTS could affect patient sleep and job performance. Conclusion: The awareness of community was sufficient among adult population in Al Majmaah city, and the prevalence of CTS is 14%.

Background Clopidogrel has been known for its variable response due to genetic variations. Several researchers have suggested genetic testing and or platelet function test (PFT) routinely. Aim: To find out the value of genotyping and PFT in Saudi patient with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methodology Thirty Saudipatients with ACS underwent coronary angioplasty with drug eluting stents wereconsecutively enrolled. Patients received clopidogrel as per usual dose of 300mgloading and 75mg per day as maintenance dose. Pre-procedure arterial bloodsample was taken from every patient for assessment of high on treatment PFT (Verify Now P2Y12 point-of-care assay).Ten patients underwent Real time PCR test for CYP2C19 variants. In hospital clinical events (one month F/U) were monitored for all patients. Results The mean baseline platelet reactivity was 196 ± 58u (107:341).The mean P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) was found 188 ± 61u (88:362). High platelet reactivity (HPR) on clopidogrel defined as PRU more than 240 was found in 5 patients (17%); whereas, the mean percent of platelets inhibition was 12 %(range 0%: 48%). Analysis of CYP2C19 variants revealed 8 patients have mild variant 1/1 and 2 patients have moderate resistant variant 2/2. We couldn’t detect allele 3 probably as our sample was small. No in-hospitalclinical events were encountered, including death,MI, stroke or repeatedrevascularization. Conclusion We found a little impact of the usual dose of clopidogrel on the percentage of platelet inhibition. Twenty percent of those underwent CYP2C19 analysis showed modest resistant gene. Irrespectivly weencountered no in-hospital events in our patients.