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1. Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy

Author

Melazzini, Federica, Colaneri, Marta, Fumoso, Federica, Freddi, Giulia, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Pieri, Teresa Chiara, Piloni, Davide, Noris, Patrizia, Pieresca, Carla, Preti, Paola Stefania, Russo, Mariaconcetta, Corsico, Angelo, Tavazzi, Guido, Baldanti, Fausto, Triarico, Antonio, Mojoli, Francesco, Bruno, Raffaele, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Aronico, Nicola, Bergamaschi, Gaetano, Bertolino, Giampiera, Codega, Silvia, Costanzo, Filippo, Cresci, Roberto, Delliponti, Angela, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Stefano, Michele, Falaschi, Francesco, Iadarola, Carmine, Lovati, Elisabetta, Lucotti, Pietro Carlo, Martignoni, Alessandra, Mengoli, Caterina, Miceli, Emanuela, Mugellini, Amedeo, Muggia, Chiara, Pagani, Elisabetta, Palumbo, Ilaria, Pecci, Alessandro, Perrone, Tiziano, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Siciliani, Luisa, Staniscia, Andrea, Vjera, Francesca Torello, Achilli, Giovanna, Agostinelli, Andrea, Antoci, Valentina, Ballesio, Alessia, Banfi, Francesco, Barteselli, Chiara, Benedetti, Irene, de Andreis, Federica Borrelli, Brattoli, Michele, Calabretta, Francesca, Cambiè, Ginevra, Canta, Roberta, Conca, Federico, Coppola, Luigi, Cremonte, Elisa Maria, Croce, Gabriele, Del Rio, Virginia, Di Terlizzi, Francesco, Ferrari, Maria Giovanna, Ferrari, Sara, Fiengo, Anna, Forni, Tommaso, Frigerio, Chiara, Fusco, Alessandra, Gabba, Margherita, Garolfi, Matteo, Gentile, Antonella, Gori, Giulia, Grandi, Giacomo, Grimaldi, Paolo, Lampugnani, Alice, Lapia, Francesco, Lepore, Federica, Lettieri, Gianluca, Mambella, Jacopo, Mercanti, Chiara, Merli, Stefania, Mordà, Francesco, Nardone, Alba, Pace, Luca, Padovini, Lucia, Parodi, Alessandro, Pellegrino, Ivan, Pitotti, Lavinia, Reduzzi, Margherita, Rigano, Giovanni, Romito, Giovanni, Rotola, Giorgio, Sabatini, Umberto, Salvi, Lucia, Santacroce, Giovanni, Savioli, Jessica, Soriano, Simone, Spataro, Carmine, Stefani, Debora, Aliberti, Anna Rita, Amatu, Alessandro, Anfossi, Laura, Arisi, Eric, Baldi, Chiara, Belliato, Mirko, Bellini, Lorenzo, Benzi, Alberto, Bichisao, Germana, Bolongaro, Antonia, Bottazzi, Andrea, Broglia, Federica, Bruschi, Giacomo, Caneva, Luca, Capaccio, Emanuele, Carboni, Valeria, Cavalloro, Fabrizio, Ciceri, Maria, Civardi, Luca, Delmonte, Maria Paola, Domenegati, Elisa Lucia, Ferrari, Federica, Ferrari, Fiorenza, Ferrari, Marta, Fuardo, Marinella, Gerletti, Maddalena Margherita, Gualdana, Simonetta, Ilardi, Marcella, Lo Coco, Claudia, Maggio, Giuseppe, Mascia, Maria Benedetta, Mencherini, Simonetta, Merati, Paola Maria, Mongodi, Silvia, Mori, Anna Maria, Morgante, Federica, Niebel, Thekla Larissa, Noli, Silvano, Orlando, Anita, Pagani, Michele, Passador, Debora, Pellicori, Simona, Perotti, Luciano, Picchioni, Raffaella, Poma, Silvia, Pozzi, Marco, Preti, Emanuela, Puce, Roberta, Radolovich, Danila Katia, Ragni, Gianluca, Repossi, Filippo, Riccardi, Francesca, Rizzardi, Roberto, Rodi, Giuseppe, Roldi, Emanuela, Rossi, Cristina, Sala Gallini, Giuseppe, Sciutti, Fabio, Sportiello, Debora, Ticozzelli, Giulia, Visconti, Federico, Zizzi, Silvia, Bagliani, Alessandro, Belotti, Corrado, Bossi, Chiara, Colombo, Andrea, Colombo, Costanza Natalia Julia, Cremascoli, Luca, Dammassa, Valentino, Discepoli, Roberto, Garlando, Maria Adelaide, Grandini, Filippo, Pellegrini, Andrea, Quaranta, Cecilia, Stella, Andrea, Torresani, Francesco, Mondelli, Mario, Brunetti, Enrico, Di Matteo, Angela, Seminari, Elena, Maiocchi, Laura, Zuccaro, Valentina, Pagnucco, Layla, Mariani, Bianca, Ludovisi, Serena, Lissandrin, Raffaella, Parisi, Aldo, Sacchi, Paolo, Patruno, Savino F. A., Michelone, Giuseppe, Gulminetti, Roberto, Zanaboni, Domenico, Novati, Stefano, Maserati, Renato, Orsolini, Paolo, Vecchia, Marco, Asperges, Erika, Di Filippo, Alessandro, Sambo, Margherita, Biscarini, Simona, Lupi, Matteo, Roda, Silvia, Gallazzi, Ilaria, Sachs, Michele, Valsecchi, Pietro, Ferrari, Alessandra, Bosio, Matteo, Cascina, Alessandro, Conio, Valentina, Di Domenica, Rita, Donnetta, Anna, Fraolini, Elia, Gualtieri, Giuseppe, Mangiarotti, Patrizia, Mariani, Francesca, Meloni, Federica, Oggionni, Tiberio, Pasturenzi, Lidia, Ronzoni, Vanessa, Saracino, Laura, Stella, Giulia, Tomaselli, Stefano, Abbate, Tommaso, Accordino, Giulia, Bertuccio, Francesco, Burattini, Cecilia, Cacciatore, Elisa, Cattaneo, Elena, Chino, Vittorio, Coretti, Manuela, Della Zoppa, Matteo, Infusino, Cristina, Lettieri, Sara, Maccabruni, Valeria, Mancinelli, Silvia, Tirelli, Claudio, and Vertui, Valentina

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Single Center, Tertiary referral hospital, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Mean platelet volume, biology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Pulmonary embolism, C-reactive protein, Anticoagulants, Thrombosis, equipment and supplies, medicine.disease, Im - Original, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biology.protein, Emergency Medicine, Observational study, business
Abstract

Preliminary evidence supports the notion that COVID-19 patients may have an increased susceptibility to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the magnitude of this association still needs to be defined. Furthermore, clinical predictors of thrombogenesis, and the relationship with the inflammatory status are currently unknown. On this basis, we conducted a retrospective, observational study on 259 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy between March 19th and April 6th, 2020. Records of COVID-19 patients with a definite VTE event were reviewed for demographic information, co-morbidities, risk factors for VTE, laboratory tests, and anticoagulation treatment. Twenty-five cases among 259 COVID-19 patients developed VTE (9.6%), all of them having a Padua score > 4, although being under standard anticoagulation prophylaxis since hospital admission. In the VTE subcohort, we found a significant positive correlation between platelet count (PLT) and either C reactive protein (CRP) (p p = 0.0013), while a significant inverse correlation was observed between PLT and mean platelet volume (p p p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively). No significant difference was found in d-dimer levels between VTE and non VTE patients, while significantly higher levels of LDH (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.04) were observed in VTE patients in comparison to non-VTE patients. In conclusion, our findings showed a quite high prevalence of VTE in COVID-19 patients. Raised inflammatory indexes and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines should raise the clinical suspicion of VTE.

Published
2020
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2. Anemia in patients with Covid-19: pathogenesis and clinical significance

Author

Bergamaschi, Gaetano, Borrelli de Andreis, Federica, Aronico, Nicola, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Barteselli, Chiara, Merli, Stefania, Pellegrino, Ivan, Coppola, Luigi, Cremonte, Elisa Maria, Croce, Gabriele, Mordà, Francesco, Lapia, Francesco, Ferrari, Sara, Ballesio, Alessia, Parodi, Alessandro, Calabretta, Francesca, Ferrari, Maria Giovanna, Fumoso, Federica, Gentile, Antonella, Melazzini, Federica, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Bertolino, Giampiera, Codega, Silvia, Costanzo, Filippo, Cresci, Roberto, Derosa, Giuseppe, Stefano, Michele Di, Falaschi, Francesco, Iadarola, Carmine, Lovati, Elisabetta, Lucotti, Pietro Carlo, Martignoni, Alessandra, Mengoli, Caterina, Miceli, Emanuela, Mugellini, Amedeo, Muggia, Chiara, Noris, Patrizia, Pagani, Elisabetta, Palumbo, Ilaria, Pecci, Alessandro, Perrone, Tiziano, Pieresca, Carla, Preti, Paola Stefania, Russo, Maria Concetta, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Siciliani, Luisa, Staniscia, Andrea, Vjera, Francesca Torello, Achilli, Giovanna, Agostinelli, Andrea, Antoci, Valentina, Banfi, Francesco, Benedetti, Irene, Brattoli, Michele, Cambiè, Ginevra, Canta, Roberta, Cococcia, Sara, Conca, Federico, Delliponti, Mariangela, Rio, Virginia Del, Terlizzi, Francesco Di, Fiengo, Anna, Forni, Tommaso, Freddi, Giulia, Frigerio, Chiara, Fusco, Alessandra, Gabba, Margherita, Garolfi, Matteo, Gori, Giulia, Grandi, Giacomo, Grimaldi, Paolo, Lampugnani, Alice, Lepore, Federica, Lettieri, Gianluca, Mambella, Jacopo, Mercanti, Chiara, Nardone, Alba, Pace, Luca, Padovini, Lucia, Pitotti, Lavinia, Reduzzi, Margherita, Rigano, Giovanni, Rotola, Giorgio, Sabatini, Umberto, Salvi, Lucia, Santacroce, Giovanni, Savioli, Jessica, Soriano, Simone, Spataro, Carmine, and Stefani, Debora

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Comorbidity, Gastroenterology, Hemoglobins, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Cholinesterases, Hematology, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Anemia, Iron-Deficiency, Oxygen partial pressure/oxygen concentration, Anemia, General Medicine, Middle Aged, C-Reactive Protein, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Original Article, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood Sedimentation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Red blood cell distribution width, Internal medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Aged, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, C-reactive protein, COVID-19, Correction, medicine.disease, Ferritin, Oxygen, 030104 developmental biology, Ferritins, biology.protein, Erythrocyte Count, Hemoglobin, business, Anemia of inflammation, Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous
Abstract

COVID-19 patients typically present with lower airway disease, although involvement of other organ systems is usually the rule. Hematological manifestations such as thrombocytopenia and reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil numbers are highly prevalent in COVID-19 and have prognostic significance. Few data, however, are available about the prevalence and significance of anemia in COVID-19. In an observational study, we investigated the prevalence, pathogenesis and clinical significance of anemia among 206 patients with COVID-19 at the time of their hospitalization in an Internal Medicine unit. The prevalence of anemia was 61% in COVID-19, compared with 45% in a control group of 71 patients with clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of COVID-19, but nasopharyngeal swab tests negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA (p = 0.022). Mortality was higher in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. In COVID-19, females had lower hemoglobin concentration than males and a higher prevalence of moderate/severe anemia (25% versus 13%, p = 0.032). In most cases, anemia was mild and due to inflammation, sometimes associated with iron and/or vitamin deficiencies. Determinants of hemoglobin concentration included: erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum cholinesterase, ferritin and protein concentrations and number of chronic diseases affecting each patient. Hemoglobin concentration was not related to overall survival that was, on the contrary, influenced by red blood cell distribution width, age, lactate dehydrogenase and the ratio of arterial partial oxygen pressure to inspired oxygen fraction. In conclusion, our results highlight anemia as a common manifestation in COVID-19. Although anemia does not directly influence mortality, it usually affects elderly, frail patients and can negatively influence their quality of life.

Published
2020

3. Impact of COVID-19 on liver function: results from an internal medicine unit in Northern Italy

Author

Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Borrelli de Andreis, Federica, Pellegrino, Ivan, Klersy, Catherine, Merli, Stefania, Miceli, Emanuela, Aronico, Nicola, Mengoli, Caterina, Di Stefano, Michele, Cococcia, Sara, Santacroce, Giovanni, Soriano, Simone, Melazzini, Federica, Delliponti, Mariangela, Baldanti, Fausto, Triarico, Antonio, Corazza, Gino Roberto, Pinzani, Massimo, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Bergamaschi, Gaetano, Bertolino, Giampiera, Codega, Silvia, Costanzo, Filippo, Cresci, Roberto, Derosa, Giuseppe, Falaschi, Francesco, Iadarola, Carmine, Lovati, Elisabetta, Lucotti, Pietro Carlo, Martignoni, Alessandra, Mugellini, Amedeo, Muggia, Chiara, Noris, Patrizia, Pagani, Elisabetta, Palumbo, Ilaria, Pecci, Alessandro, Perrone, Tiziano, Pieresca, Carla, Preti, Paola Stefania, Russo, Mariaconcetta, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Siciliani, Luisa, Staniscia, Andrea, Torello Vjera, Francesca, Achilli, Giovanna, Agostinelli, Andrea, Antoci, Valentina, Ballesio, Alessia, Banfi, Francesco, Barteselli, Chiara, Benedetti, Irene, Brattoli, Michele, Calabretta, Francesca, Cambiè, Ginevra, Canta, Roberta, Conca, Federico, Coppola, Luigi, Cremonte, Elisa Maria, Croce, Gabriele, Del Rio, Virginia, Di Terlizzi, Francesco, Ferrari, Maria Giovanna, Ferrari, Sara, Fiengo, Anna, Forni, Tommaso, Freddi, Giulia, Frigerio, Chiara, Fumoso, Federica, Fusco, Alessandra, Gabba, Margherita, Garolfi, Matteo, Gentile, Antonella, Gori, Giulia, Grandi, Giacomo, Grimaldi, Paolo, Lampugnani, Alice, Lapia, Francesco, Lepore, Federica, Lettieri, Gianluca, Mambella, Jacopo, Mercanti, Chiara, Mordà, Francesco, Nardone, Alba, Pace, Luca, Padovini, Lucia, Parodi, Alessandro, Pitotti, Lavinia, Reduzzi, Margherita, Rigano, Giovanni, Rotola, Giorgio, Sabatini, Umberto, Salvi, Lucia, Savioli, Jessica, Spataro, Carmine, and Stefani, Debora

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Acute respiratory failure, Chronic liver disease, Hepatitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intensive care, Internal medicine, Patients' Rooms, medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Liver injury, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Im - Original, Coronavirus, Hospitalization, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Italy, Liver, Emergency Medicine, Female, Liver function, Coronavirus Infections, business, Liver function tests, Liver Failure
Abstract

Little is known regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical spectrum in non-Asian populations. We herein describe the impact of COVID-19 on liver function in 100 COVID-19 consecutive patients (median age 70 years, range 25–97; 79 males) who were admitted to our internal medicine unit in March 2020. We retrospectively assessed liver function tests, taking into account demographic characteristics and clinical outcome. A patient was considered as having liver injury when alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > 50 mU/ml, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) > 50 mU/ml, or total bilirubin > 1.1 mg/dl. Spearman correlation coefficient for laboratory data and bivariable analysis for mortality and/or need for intensive care were assessed. A minority of patients (18.6%) were obese, and most patients were non- or moderate-drinkers (88.5%). Liver function tests were altered in 62.4% of patients, and improved during follow-up. None of the seven patients with known chronic liver disease had liver decompensation. Only one patient developed acute liver failure. In patients with altered liver function tests, PaO2/FiO2

Published
2020
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4. Correction to: Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19: a single center experience from an academic tertiary referral hospital of Northern Italy

Author

Melazzini, Federica, Colaneri, Marta, Fumoso, Federica, Freddi, Giulia, Lenti, Marco Vincenzo, Pieri, Teresa Chiara, Piloni, Davide, Noris, Patrizia, Pieresca, Carla, Preti, Paola Stefania, Russo, Mariaconcetta, Corsico, Angelo, Tavazzi, Guido, Baldanti, Fausto, Triarico, Antonio, Mojoli, Francesco, Bruno, Raffaele, Di Sabatino, Antonio, Aronico, Nicola, Bergamaschi, Gaetano, Bertolino, Giampiera, Codega, Silvia, Costanzo, Filippo, Cresci, Roberto, Delliponti, Angela, Derosa, Giuseppe, Di Stefano, Michele, Falaschi, Francesco, Iadarola, Carmine, Lovati, Elisabetta, Lucotti, Pietro Carlo, Martignoni, Alessandra, Mengoli, Caterina, Miceli, Emanuela, Mugellini, Amedeo, Muggia, Chiara, Pagani, Elisabetta, Palumbo, Ilaria, Pecci, Alessandro, Perrone, Tiziano, Sgarlata, Carmelo, Siciliani, Luisa, Staniscia, Andrea, Vjera, Francesca Torello, Achilli, Giovanna, Agostinelli, Andrea, Antoci, Valentina, Ballesio, Alessia, Banfi, Francesco, Barteselli, Chiara, Benedetti, Irene, Borrelli de Andreis, Federica, Brattoli, Michele, Calabretta, Francesca, Cambiè, Ginevra, Canta, Roberta, Conca, Federico, Coppola, Luigi, Cremonte, Elisa Maria, Croce, Gabriele, Del Rio, Virginia, Di Terlizzi, Francesco, Ferrari, Maria Giovanna, Ferrari, Sara, Fiengo, Anna, Forni, Tommaso, Frigerio, Chiara, Fusco, Alessandra, Gabba, Margherita, Garolfi, Matteo, Gentile, Antonella, Gori, Giulia, Grandi, Giacomo, Grimaldi, Paolo, Lampugnani, Alice, Lapia, Francesco, Lepore, Federica, Lettieri, Gianluca, Mambella, Jacopo, Mercanti, Chiara, Merli, Stefania, Mordà, Francesco, Nardone, Alba, Pace, Luca, Padovini, Lucia, Parodi, Alessandro, Pellegrino, Ivan, Pitotti, Lavinia, Reduzzi, Margherita, Rigano, Giovanni, Romito, Giovanni, Rotola, Giorgio, Sabatini, Umberto, Salvi, Lucia, Santacroce, Giovanni, Savioli, Jessica, Soriano, Simone, Spataro, Carmine, Stefani, Debora, Aliberti, Anna Rita, Amatu, Alessandro, Anfossi, Laura, Arisi, Eric, Baldi, Chiara, Belliato, Mirko, Bellini, Lorenzo, Benzi, Alberto, Bichisao, Germana, Bolongaro, Antonia, Bottazzi, Andrea, Broglia, Federica, Bruschi, Giacomo, Caneva, Luca, Capaccio, Emanuele, Carboni, Valeria, Cavalloro, Fabrizio, Ciceri, Maria, Civardi, Luca, Delmonte, Maria Paola, Domenegati, Elisa Lucia, Ferrari, Federica, Ferrari, Fiorenza, Ferrari, Marta, Fuardo, Marinella, Gerletti, Maddalena Margherita, Gualdana, Simonetta, Ilardi, Marcella, Lo Coco, Claudia, Maggio, Giuseppe, Mascia, Maria Benedetta, Mencherini, Simonetta, Merati, Paola Maria, Mongodi, Silvia, Mori, Anna Maria, Morgante, Federica, Niebel, Thekla Larissa, Noli, Silvano, Orlando, Anita, Pagani, Michele, Passador, Debora, Pellicori, Simona, Perotti, Luciano, Picchioni, Raffaella, Poma, Silvia, Pozzi, Marco, Preti, Emanuela, Puce, Roberta, Radolovich, Danila Katia, Ragni, Gianluca, Repossi, Filippo, Riccardi, Francesca, Rizzardi, Roberto, Rodi, Giuseppe, Roldi, Emanuela, Rossi, Cristina, Sala Gallini, Giuseppe, Sciutti, Fabio, Sportiello, Debora, Ticozzelli, Giulia, Visconti, Federico, Zizzi, Silvia, Bagliani, Alessandro, Belotti, Corrado, Bossi, Chiara, Colombo, Andrea, Colombo, Costanza Natalia Julia, Cremascoli, Luca, Dammassa, Valentino, Discepoli, Roberto, Garlando, Maria Adelaide, Grandini, Filippo, Pellegrini, Andrea, Quaranta, Cecilia, Stella, Andrea, Torresani, Francesco, Mondelli, Mario, Brunetti, Enrico, Di Matteo, Angela, Seminari, Elena, Maiocchi, Laura, Zuccaro, Valentina, Pagnucco, Layla, Mariani, Bianca, Ludovisi, Serena, Lissandrin, Raffaella, Parisi, Aldo, Sacchi, Paolo, Patruno, Savino F. A., Michelone, Giuseppe, Gulminetti, Roberto, Zanaboni, Domenico, Novati, Stefano, Maserati, Renato, Orsolini, Paolo, Vecchia, Marco, Asperges, Erika, Di Filippo, Alessandro, Sambo, Margherita, Biscarini, Simona, Lupi, Matteo, Roda, Silvia, Gallazzi, Ilaria, Sachs, Michele, Valsecchi, Pietro, Ferrari, Alessandra, Bosio, Matteo, Cascina, Alessandro, Conio, Valentina, Di Domenica, Rita, Donnetta, Anna, Fraolini, Elia, Gualtieri, Giuseppe, Mangiarotti, Patrizia, Mariani, Francesca, Meloni, Federica, Oggionni, Tiberio, Pasturenzi, Lidia, Ronzoni, Vanessa, Saracino, Laura, Stella, Giulia, Tomaselli, Stefano, Abbate, Tommaso, Accordino, Giulia, Bertuccio, Francesco, Burattini, Cecilia, Cacciatore, Elisa, Cattaneo, Elena, Chino, Vittorio, Coretti, Manuela, Della Zoppa, Matteo, Infusino, Cristina, Lettieri, Sara, Maccabruni, Valeria, Mancinelli, Silvia, Tirelli, Claudio, and Vertui, Valentina

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), MEDLINE, Tertiary referral hospital, Single Center, Statistics, Nonparametric, Tertiary Care Centers, Prevalence, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Academic Medical Centers, Task force, business.industry, Correction, COVID-19, Venous Thromboembolism, Middle Aged, Northern italy, Italy, Emergency medicine, Emergency Medicine, Female, business, Venous thromboembolism
Abstract

Preliminary evidence supports the notion that COVID-19 patients may have an increased susceptibility to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the magnitude of this association still needs to be defined. Furthermore, clinical predictors of thrombogenesis, and the relationship with the inflammatory status are currently unknown. On this basis, we conducted a retrospective, observational study on 259 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic tertiary referral hospital in Northern Italy between March 19th and April 6th, 2020. Records of COVID-19 patients with a definite VTE event were reviewed for demographic information, co-morbidities, risk factors for VTE, laboratory tests, and anticoagulation treatment. Twenty-five cases among 259 COVID-19 patients developed VTE (9.6%), all of them having a Padua score 4, although being under standard anticoagulation prophylaxis since hospital admission. In the VTE subcohort, we found a significant positive correlation between platelet count (PLT) and either C reactive protein (CRP) (p 0.0001) or lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0013), while a significant inverse correlation was observed between PLT and mean platelet volume (p 0.0001). Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly correlated with CRP (p 0.0001). The majority of VTE patients was male and younger compared to non-VTE patients (p = 0.002 and p = 0.005, respectively). No significant difference was found in D-dimer levels between VTE and non VTE patients, while significantly higher levels of LDH (p = 0.04) and IL-6 (p = 0.04) were observed in VTE patients in comparison to non-VTE patients. In conclusion, our findings showed a quite high prevalence of VTE in COVID-19 patients. Raised inflammatory indexes and increased serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines should raise the clinical suspicion of VTE.

Published
2021

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