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Aim: To determine the reference values of strong ion difference (SID), effective SID (SIDe), unmeasured anions (UMA), tissue acids (TA), lactate and Chloride-Sodium (Cl-Na) ratio of umbilical cord blood, and to evaluate the impact of delivery mode on these parameters. Methods: This prospective study was performed on healthy term newborn infants that had normal progress throughout the first and second stages of labor during normal spontaneous delivery (NSD) and cesarean section (C/S). Immediately after birth, 1ml and 2 ml of umbilical venous cord blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis and blood chemistry respectively. The Cl-Na ratio, anion gap (AG), albumin corrected AG (AGCorr), SID, SIDe, UMA and TA were calculated in NSD and C/S groups.. Results: A total of 181 healthy newborn infants were included the study. Fifty-one infants were delivered by NSD and 130 infants by C/S. The pH and PCO2 values were similar in both groups. The mode of delivery had a significant impact on the umbilical cord AG, AGCorr, SID, lactate, UMA, and TA levels. All these values were significantly higher in NSD than C/S group. Conclusion: Umbilical cord blood gas analysis is a common practice to evaluate fetal status at delivery. The calculation of blood gas parameters in perinatal problems according to Stewart’s method may lead further understanding how perinatal conditions of the mother influence the fetus and newborn infant.

This study was conducted to determine the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, platelet/lymphocyte ratio; and to evaluate the effect of phototherapy on the peripheral blood cells in newborns with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. A total of 180 newborns consisting of 119 hyperbilirubinemic newborns, who received phototherapy; and 61 healthy newborns were included in the study. A statistically significant difference was present only between the patient group and healthy newborn white blood cell values after phototherapy. The differences found for pre-phototherapy neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio values were statistically significant, but no statistical significance was present for the values after phototherapy. These results suggest that phototherapy may have an effect on peripheral blood cells by directly decreasing both the cytokine and bilirubin levels. The decrease in neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio after phototherapy could potentially be used in the evaluation of phototherapy's effect on peripheral blood cells. New studies on this subject are, therefore, required. Key Words: Newborn, Phototherapy, Inflammation, Peripheral blood cells.

Araştırmanın amacı, Manisa Büyükşehir Belediyesindekispor politikalarının incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın deseni nitel araştırmayöntemlerinden olgu bilim (fenomeloji) desenidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2019yılı Mart ayı itibariyle Manisa ilinde spor yapılanması ile ilgili birimlerdeçalışan, spor konusundaki etkinlikleri düzenleyen ve organizasyonları yapanalanında uzman 5 yöneticidir. Araştırmada, veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmetekniği kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Görüşmeler, ses kayıt cihazı ve not alma yöntemleri kullanılarakgerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan görüşme soruları açık uçlu sorumetoduyla oluşturulmuş ve analiz kısmında betimsel veri analizi yöntemindenyararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucu çalışma beş kategori altındatoplanmıştır. Bu kategoriler sırasıyla; belediyelerin spor politikası, sporhizmetleri, kurum ve kuruluşlarla iş birliği, spor örgüt yapısı ve tesislerdir.Araştırmanın sonucunda, Manisa Büyükşehir Belediyesinin spor politikasının,kanun ve mevzuatla sınırlandırılmış yetki ve görevler çerçevesinde sporpolitikaları olduğu görülmektedir. Bununla beraber, yerel halkı spora teşviketmek, talep ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak, tesis, malzeme ve ulaşım ile ilgilidestek sağladıkları görülmektedir. İldeki sporun işlerliği bakımından ise diğerkurum ve kuruluşlara koordineli olarak çalıştıkları sonucuna varılmaktadır., Purposeof this research is investigation of the sport policies in Manisa MetropolitanMunicipality. Phenomenology, which is one of the qualitative research methodswas used as research design. As of March2019, the working group of the research consists of 5 people working in thedepartments of sports structuring in Manisa, organizing activities andorganizing sports activities. In the research, the data were obtained by usingsemi-structured interview technique. Interviews conducted by using voicerecorders and note-taking methods. The interview questions which used in theresearch was formed by the open-ended question method and the content analysisand descriptive data analysis method was used in the analysis part. As a resultof the interviews with the participants; the views of the participants weregrouped under five headings. These are; sports policy of municipalities, sportsservices, cooperation with institutions and organizations, sports organizationstructure and facilities. At the end of the study, it is seen that ManisaMetropolitan Municipality’s sports policies are within the framework of powersand duties limited by law and legislation. However, it is seen thatmunicipality encourage local people for sports, meet their demands and needsfor sports, and provide support for facilities, materials and transportation.It is concluded that municipality work in coordination with other institutionsand organizations in terms of the functioning of sports in the province.

Recent studies have shown that the oxidative state plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammatory diseases. Determination of erythrocyte arginase, and catalase (CAT), and also plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) malondialde- hyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were measured to establish differences between antioxidant state and lipid peroxidationto assess prognosis in neuroinflammatory disease. Three groups were studied, meningitis ( n = 28), encephalitis (n = 30), and a control group (n = 40) for the spectrophotometric measurements of arginase, and CAT activities in erythrocytes, thiosemicarbazide diacetylmonoxime, and Aebi methods were used respectively. Plasma and CSF MDA levels were analyzed with a modified Yagi method and NO levels were assessed using spectrophotometric methods using the Griess reaction. Levels of erythrocyte arginase, erythrocyte CAT, and CSF NO differed between meningitis and encephalitis ( P< 0.05). While levels of erythrocyte CAT, and CSF MDA, plasma NO and CSF NO concentrations differed between the meningitis group and controls ( P< 0.05). Concentrations of erythrocyte arginase, CSF MDA and plasma NO differed between encephalitis and control groups ( P< 0.05). All tests in the study except erythrocyte arginase and plasma MDA differed between meningitis cases and controls ( P< 0.05). In the meningitis and encephalitis cases, studied oxidative states in blood, and CSF were affected at different levels, meningitis being more severe.

Aim Despite extensive research, there is still controversy regarding the time at which sucking and swallowing functions mature in preterm infants. This study aimed to evaluate maturation using the noninvasive method of swallowing sound. Methods We compared 52 preterm infants of between 27 and 36 weeks' gestational age with a control group of 42 healthy full-term infants. Feeding performance was based on swallowing data collected during two-minute audio recordings. The following variables were generated for each evaluation: total number of swallows, total number of rhythmic swallows, total number of resting intervals, average time between resting intervals, average time between swallows, average time between rhythmic swallows, maximum number of rhythmic swallows and volume of milk ingested. The dependency of the variables on postmenstrual age was also investigated. Results The volume of milk ingested by the preterm infants and the maximum number of rhythmic swallows were positively correlated with postmenstrual age (PMA). The preterm infants reached the 10th percentile of the control infants at 34–35 weeks' PMA and were not significantly different from the control infants at 38–40 weeks' PMA. Conclusion Swallowing sound can be used to assess feeding maturation in preterm infants during neonatal intensive care unit follow-up.

Oculo-aurikulo-vertebral syndrome also referred to as Goldenhar Syndrome is a rare condition described initially by Goldenhar in 1952. Goldenhar Syndrome is a wide spectrum of congenital anomalies that involves structures arising from the first and second branchial arches. The syndrome is characterized by anomalies of the ear, hemifacial microsomia, and defects of the vertebral column. The etiology of this rare syndrome is not understood completely and seems to be heterogeneous. Management of Goldenhar syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide most appropriate treatment. Here we report a newborn with Goldenhar Syndrome who presented all classical signs of this rare condition., Goldenhar sendromu olarak da bilinen okülo-aurikulo-vertebral sendrom, ilk kez 1952 yılında Goldenhar tarafından tanımlanmıştır. Goldenhar sendromu birinci ve ikinci brankiyal yarıktan köken alan yapıların konjenital anomalilerini içerir. Kulak anomalileri, hemifasiyal mikrosomi ve vertebral kolon anomalileri ile karakterizedir. Sendromun nedeni tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte heterojen kaynaklı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Goldenhar sendromunun yönetimi, en uygun tedaviyi sağlamak için multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektirir. Burada sendromun tüm klasik bulgularına sahip Goldenhar sendromlu yenidoğan vakası sunuldu.

Objective: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a clinical syndrome, characterized by maternal pruritus and biochemical cholestasis. Epidemiologic surveys show significant regional differences in the incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. In this study, we evaluated the frequency of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and perinatal/neonatal outcomes in our hospital. Methods: Twenty patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and their 22 newborn babies (3 twins), and one intrauterine exitus with unknown etiology were included in this retrospective analysis. Ursodeoxycholic acid was given to 50%of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy patients. Fifteen (65.2%) of the newborn babies were ≤37 weeks. Eight (34.7%) of newborns had transient respiratory support, 2 with continuous positive airway prssure. None of the babies had diagnosed respiratory distress syndrome, thus none of them required surfactant. One case of intrauterine exitus has occured with unknown etiology. Results: We conducted a retrospective study about frequency and perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy between June 2007-August 2010 at Baskent University Ankara Hospital. Perinatal/neonatal outcomes were retrospectively studied by medical chart review. Conclusion: In our study intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy was present in 1.4% of pregnancies, that was similar to the European population. Increased risk of preterm delivery and respiratory distress syndrome were reported in literature, in our study group, none of the babies had RDS or other serious neonatal complications of preterm labor despite high rate of preterm birth rate and rather high levels of maternal serum bile acid levels.

Modernization in the food sector have been promoting the use of advanced technology. Halva is usually produced according to the conventional methods. A new technique for halva production applications is put into practice and a system prototype equipped with automation technology was manufactured. System can perform mixing, kneading, shaping, cutting, and cooling of halva without hand touch. Airflow used for cooling can control the temperature, conveyor belt speed, guillotine cutting time, shovels, and the mixing time. Cooling tunnel calculations and pipeline analysis were carried out to reduce the center point temperature of production line whose working fluid temperature is approximately 80 degrees C and the production band which is 19 x 45 x 78 mm and 80g of mass, to 34.9 and 39.1 degrees C (cooling at similar to 416 and 597s, respectively). Halva production process which takes 12-15hr by traditional methods, is reduced to 10-20 min with the designed new cooling system.

This study covers two main subjects: (i) The experimental and theoretical analysis: the Cutting forces and indirectly cutting tool stresses, affecting the cutting tool life during machining in metal Cutting, are One Of very important parameters to be necessarily known to select the economical cutting conditions and to Mount the workpiece on machine tools securely. In this paper, the cutting tool stresses (normal, shear and von Mises) in machining of nickel-based Super alloy Inconel 718 have been investigated in respect of the variations in the cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut). The cutting forces were measured by a series of experimental measurements and the stress distributions on the cutting tool were analysed by means of the finite element method (FEM) using ANSYS software. ANSYS stress results showed that in point of the cutting tool wear, especially from von Mises stress distributions, the ceramic cutting insert may be possible worn at the distance equal to the depth of cut on the base cutting edge of the cutting tool. Thence, this wear mode will be almost such as the notch wear, and the flank wear on the base cutting edge and grooves in relief face. In terms of the cost of the process of machining, the cutting speed and the feed rate values Must be chosen between 225 and 400 m/min, and 0.1 and 0, 125 mm/rev, respectively. (ii) The mathematical modelling analysis: the use of artificial neural network (ANN) has been proposed to determine the cutting tool Stresses in machining of Inconel 718 as analytic formulas based on working parameters. The best fitting set was obtained with ten neurons in the hidden-layer using back propagation algorithm. After training, it was found the R(2) values are closely 1. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the frequency and seasonal characteristics of dermatological problems of juvenile outpatients in the dermatology polyclinic. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Children under the age of 17 treated in an outpatient setting in our polyclinic within a 10-year period were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: The study registered a total of 3244 patients, of whom 1651 (50.90%) were females, and 1593 (49.10%) were males. The largest group was infectious diseases, with 1031 patients (31.78%). This was followed by the dermatitis group with 635 patients (19.57%). The months when the number of presentations at the hospital was the highest were August and November, and the months with the lowest number of presentations were January and July. CONCLUSION: In the present study we found that the most frequent cause of hospital visits of juvenile outpatients at our polyclinic was infectious diseases and dermatitis, and that there was significant correlation between diseases and seasons.

To evaluate the expression of lymphocyte subsets in newborns diagnosed as culture proven or culture negative sepsis and to investigate the differentiation. The aim of this study is to explore neonatal immunology in newborns diagnosed as culture proven or culture negative neonatal sepsis and to identify their place in the diagnosis. This prospective study was performed in newborns who were diagnosed as neonatal sepsis and hospitalized in a tertiary care hospital and who were classified as culture proven sepsis (n = 12), as culture negative sepsis (n = 21) and healthy (n = 17). Lymphocyte subsets were obtained at time of diagnosis. Culture proven sepsis had statistically significant increase of WBC compared to culture negative sepsis and control groups (p < 0.05). Significant decreases were observed of percentage of lymphocyte, when compared to culture negative sepsis and control group (p < 0.05). Percentage of CD4+ was lower in culture proven sepsis and absolute count of CD4+ was lower in culture negative sepsis (p < 0.05). Percentage and absolute count of CD45RA+ were lower in culture negative sepsis than control and percentage of CD45RA+ was lower in culture proven sepsis than control (p < 0.05). Percentage of CD45RO+ was higher in culture proven sepsis than control group (p < 0.05). It is clear that during neonatal sepsis lymphocyte subsets are different from healthy controls. Whether the described abnormalities represent the absence of a normal maturation process, rather, pathological events is still not clear.

Cutting forces affecting the cutting tool during machining in metal cutting are one of very important parameters necessarily known to select the economical cutting conditions and to mount the workpiece on machine tools securely. In this paper, the effects of the feed rate in machining of nickel-based super alloy Inconel 718, used in aircraft and spacecraft industries, nuclear power systems and steam generators, etc., on the cutting tool stresses have been investigated. Cutting forces were measured by a series of experimental measurements while stress distributions on the cutting tool were analysed using a commercial finite element method (FEM) (ANSYS). The results obtained show that the feed rate is the most relevant cutting parameter affecting cutting tool stresses. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Aim. To determine serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in neonatal sepsis at the time of diagnosis and after therapy, and to show the meaningful on the follow up. Methods. This prospective study was performed on newborns who were hospitalized for neonatal sepsis and who were classified as culture-proven sepsis (n=12), as culture-negative sepsis (n=21), and as healthy newborns (n=17). Results. At the time of diagnosis, serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels of culture-proven sepsis were significantly higher than those of the control groups (P

Precision hard machining is an interesting topic in manufacturing die and mold, automobile parts, and scientific research. While the hard machining has benefit advantages such as short cutting cycle time, process flexibility, and low surface roughness, there are several disadvantages such as high tooling cost, need of rigid machine tool, high cutting stresses, and residual stresses. Especially, tool stresses should be understood and dealt with to achieve successful performance of finish hard turning with ceramic cutting tool. So, the influence of cutting parameters on cutting stresses during dry finish turning of hardened (52 HRC) AISI H13 hot work steel with ceramic tool is investigated in this paper. For this aim, a series finish turning tests were performed, and the cutting forces were measured in tests. After literature procedure about finite element model (FEM), FEM is established to predict cutting stresses in finish turning of hardened AISI H13 steel with Ceramic 650 grade insert. As shown, effect of the cutting parameters on cutting tool stresses in finish turning of AISI H13 steel is obtained. The suggested results are helpful for optimizing the cutting parameters and decreasing the tool failure in finish turning applications of hardened steel.

Background: Sandifer Syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity characterized by gastroesophageal reflux, irritability and abnormal movements of the body and contortions of the neck. The majority of paroxysmal cases, in particular, tend to show an association with epilepsy. Methods: The clinical, laboratory and 6-month observation results of the four patients (two boys, two girls) have been presented. Results: The 6-month prospective observation/treatment of four patients aged between 2 and 14 months (mean age, 6.5 ± 5.2 months) with a diagnosis of Sandifer Syndrome has been investigated. Due to paroxysmal extensor jerks, two of the patients were misdiagnosed with infantile spasm and they were treated accordingly. In the clinical observations of the patients, abnormal neurobehavioral attacks (irritability, crying, head/eye version, torticollis, extensor spasm and dystonic posture) 5–10 times daily were observed. In two of the patients, motor growth retardation was observed, in one patient, bronchospasm attacks were observed, and in all the patients iron deficiency anemia was observed. The electroencephalograms of the patients which were taken during the routine, sleepless and paroxysmal behaviors were normal; the gastroesophageal scintigraphies were positive in the manner of reflux. Management of the infant with gastroesophageal reflux disease, in addition to nonpharmacological interventions pharmacologic therapy, including metoclopramide HCl and Fe (6 mg/kg per day, oral) was useful for the patients, and their paroxysmal attacks decreased dramatically (0–2 attacks/day). Conclusion: These findings suggest that infants or children with these atypical movements should be evaluated for Sandifer Syndrome. Expensive and comprehensive neurologic examination may be unnecessary. Early diagnosis permits prompt treatment and relief of the problem. Medical management is usually successful.

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited disorder caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome. It is associated with developmental or behavioral symptoms and various degrees of mental retardation. Morphologic abnormalities and altered perfusion of various brain areas can underlie these functional disturbances. The aim of this study was to investigate the cerebral perfusion state in patients with fragile X syndrome using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Structural and functional assessment was also performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Eight boys with cytogenetically confirmed fragile X syndrome (mean age 8.8 ± 4.4 years, range 5–18 years), were included. All patients had mental retardation, with a mean IQ of 58.9 ± 8.8 (range 40–68), and additional neurobehavioral symptoms. SPECT revealed cerebral perfusion abnormalities in six patients (75%), most commonly in the frontoparietotemporal area and prominent in the right hemisphere. The SPECT and EEG findings were concordant: hypoperfused areas in SPECT corresponded to regions of persistent slow-wave paroxysms on EEG. On the other hand, cranial MRI was abnormal qualitatively only in two patients (25%) showing cerebellar and vermal hypoplasia and cerebral hemispheric asymmetry. Our results indicate that cerebral perfusion abnormalities, which are correlated with electrophysiologic findings but not necessarily with anatomic abnormalities, can underlie the pathogenesis of the clinical findings observed in fragile X syndrome.

In this paper, the effect of feed rate on the cutting forces was investigated when machining St 44 steel workpiece material. The machining tests were carried out on a shaper. For cutting force measurement, a test setup that was previously designed and constructed for cutting force measurement was used. The beam type load cells were used to construct the setup and cutting force measurement readings were recorded on a computer during the tests. In the measurement of the cutting forces, elastic deflections of the cutting tool due to the cutting forces were measured by means of the load cells located suitable position on the cutting tool. Machining tests were performed at various cutting speeds and feed rates while the depth of cut was held as constant. The results show that cutting force decreased with increasing speed while increasing feed rate increased cutting forces. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000361632500007, PubMed ID: 25792430, To date, no study has evaluated changes in oral labial angle as preterm infants mature. The main purpose of this study was to document goniometer measurements of the labial angle of the mouth in preterm infants, to assess changes with development, to compare to findings in healthy term infants, and also evaluate oral motor reflexes in these groups. Seventy-eight preterm infants and 45 healthy term infants were recruited for the prospective study. Labial angle was assessed via goniometer, and oral motor reflexes and the volume of milk ingested were evaluated. There was significant difference between term and preterm infants' labial angles (P < .01). The distribution of preterm infants' angles were similar to term infants' by 36 to 40 weeks' postmenstrual age. Goniometer measurements of the oral labial angle may reveal oral motor performance in preterm infants and may be relevant for feeding skills assessment in this group of infants.

Background Oral administration of probiotics in newborn preterm infants has been shown to be helpful, especially ın reducıng the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and overall mortality rates.Objective To evaluate the effect of probıotıc supplementation on ıntestınal colonization by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm infants receiving antibiotics in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods The prospective, randomized trial was performed ın preterm infants who were hospitalized in the NICU at Baskent University Ankara Hospital between January 2011 and February 2012. A total of 51 infants were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 (n=27) received probiotic therapy and Group 2 (n=24) did not receive probiotics. The probiotic used was Lactobacillus reuteri (Biogaia® AB, Sweden). Subjects underwent weekly nasal swab and stool cultures for a maxımum of 6 weeks, and at the tıme of dıscharge ıf thıs was prıor to 6 weeks. All posıtıve cultures were further tested for culture-specıfıc ıdentıfıcatıon and antıbıotıc suceptibility.Results A total of 607 cultures were evaluated. Posıtıve cultures were found ın 37.9% from Group 1 and 35.2% from Group 2. Intestınal colonızatıon by antıbıotıc-resıstant bacterıa dıd not sıgnıfıcantly dıffer between groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Oral supplementation with probiotics do not prevent the intestınal colonization of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms in preterm NICU patıents who receıved antıbıotıc treatment.

Congenital hyperinsulinism is the most frequent cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infancy. We present the case of a preterm, large-for-gestation-age infant with congenital hyperinsulinism who was found to have a novel p.Q392H homozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene. The patient had severe brain damage, despite early diagnosis and appropriate management. The new mutations may provide an understanding of the prognosis and treatment of the disease. In addition, the data will help the family make informed decisions about future pregnancies.

Purpose: Smoking during pregnancy has several effects and risks on the neonates. The aim is to assess the effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy on the antioxidant status of their neonates. Design: In cord blood samples of 116 healthy newborns which were classified into groups according to mothers smoking status (active, passive or non-smoker), the activities of paraoxanase 1 and aryl esterase, concentrations of free sulfhydryl groups and total antioxidant response were studied using appropriate methods. Results: Different parameters indicating antioxidant status had similar values in cord blood of term and preterm neonates of active or passive smoke or non-smoker mothers. Only, concentrations of total antioxidant response were statistically different between cord blood of neonates of active or passive smoker mothers and cord blood of term or preterm neonates of non-smoker mothers (1.12 ± 0.1, 1.10 ± 0.08 and 1.28 ± 0.12 mmol trolox equivalent/L, for term neonates, 0.95 ± 0.0, 1.07 ± 0.13 and 1.22 ± 0.02 mmol trolox equivalent/L, for preterm neonates, respectively). Conclusions: Neonates of active or passive smoker mothers have decreased antioxidant levels in cord blood and may be exposed to an oxidative stress greater.

Cantrell syndrome is a rare syndrome of congenital defects involving the abdominal wall, sternum, diaphragm, pericardium and the heart. The spectrum of anomalies varies widely. Less than 160 cases have been described in the world literature. We reported a premature infant, with the syndrome. The case with a rare congenital malformation consisting of a pentad of findings: ectopia cordis and absent pericardium and a midline supraumbilical wall defect, evisceration of the intestines and liver, and short sternum. We presented this case because of its rarity and discuss the pathologic findings.

Objective To evaluate analgesic effects of acupuncture in preterm neonates during minor painful procedures. Methods Ten preterm neonates requiring heel prick for blood gas analysis were enrolled in the study, which had a crossover design. Oxygen saturation, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate, and crying duration were recorded before and after heel prick. Babies were given expressed breast milk before each procedure. Patients were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture or not, and the groups were crossed over on the following day, so that patients who had received acupuncture received only breast milk, and the previous breast milk only group received both acupuncture and breast milk. The neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) was used for pain evaluation. Results Crying duration and NIPS pain scores during heel prick were lower in the neonates who had received acupuncture. Conclusion Acupuncture is an effective method for the treatment of pain in neonates.

In this study, the influence of different chip breaker geometries on cutting forces and tool stresses developed during turning was investigated experimentally. For this purpose, turning tests in accordance with ISO 3685 were carried out on AISI 1050 steel using uncoated and coated cemented carbide cutting tools with different chip breaker geometries. The tests were carried out at different cutting parameters. The cutting forces were measured using a Kistler 9257B type dynamometer The effect of cutting force variation on tool stresses was analysed using finite element analysis software (ANSYS). The analyses results showed that the coated tools were subjected to higher stresses than the uncoated ones. However the stresses on the uncoated tools were found to be higher than those on the coated tools at the heavy cutting conditions. In addition, the chip breaker geometry was also found to result in variation in the stresses acting on the tools. (C)2011 Journal of Mechanical Engineering. All rights reserved.

Background: Prolidase, a specific iminopeptidase involved in collagen turnover, is especially active in growing tissues. Objectives: To investigate the relationship between cord blood prolidase activity and both birth weight and gestational age. Methods: Cord blood was collected consecutively from 50 healthy newborns (35 term, 15 preterm). Prolidase activity was measured in the samples using standard methods. Results: Themean ± SD cord blood prolidase activity was 41.4 ± 6.9 U/l in term infants and 35.2 ± 8.0 U/l in preterm infants and these were significantly different (p < 0.01). There were positive correlations between cord blood prolidase and both birth weight (r = 0.533, p < 0.01) and gestational age (r = 0.806, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Cord blood prolidase activity may be a good indicator of fetal maturation and gestational age.

Malignant infantile osteopetrosis is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by presentation in the first few months of life with manifestations relating to an underlying defect in osteoclastic bone resorption. This report describes a 10 day-old boy in whom neonatal hypocalcemia was present and whose brother had died with the diagnosis of osteopetrosis.

No comparative studies have addressed the oxidant and antioxidant states of blood and cerebrospinal fluid. To reveal this differential state, the study was designed to identify the seizure type with the worse prognosis by determining erythrocyte arginase and erythrocyte catalase, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde, and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide levels. Study groups were classified as febrile (group 1, n = 21), afebrile (group 2, n = 21), and control (group 3, n = 41, subdivided as 3a, febris positive, convulsion negative, and 3b, febris negative, convulsion negative). Levels of erythrocyte arginase, erythrocyte catalase, plasma malondialdehyde, cerebrospinal fluid malondialdehyde, plasma nitric oxide, and cerebrospinal fluid nitric oxide levels were determined for all groups. A difference was detected between the control and febrile seizure groups with respect to erythrocyte catalase and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of nitric oxide (P < 0.05). Both febrile states and convulsions influence oxidative mechanism. Oxidative stress-generating potential differs for febrile and afebrile seizures. In afebrile seizures, greater levels of oxidative stress might affect prognosis adversely. This phenomenon can be interpreted in terms of fever as a protective factor against possible neurological damage during convulsive seizures.

PubMedID: 15949201 Objective: Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) is an herbaceous annual plant with worldwide distribution. The seeds contain the glycoside carboxyatractyloside, which is highly toxic to animals. We describe nine cases of carboxyatractyloside poisoning in humans which, to our knowledge, has not previously been reported. The clinical, laboratory and histopathological findings and our therapeutic approach are also discussed. Subjects and methods: The patients presented with acute onset abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, drowsiness, palpitations, sweating and dyspnoea. Three of them developed convulsions followed by loss of consciousness and death. Results: Laboratory findings showed raised liver enzymes, indicating severe hepatocellular damage. BUN and creatinine levels were raised, especially in the fatal cases who also displayed findings of consumption coagulopathy. CPK-MB values indicative of myocardial injury were also raised, especially in the fatal cases. Three of the patients died within 48 hours of ingesting carboxyatractyloside. Post-mortem histopathology of the liver confirmed centrilobular hepatic necrosis and renal proximal tubular necrosis, secondary changes owing to increased permeability and microvascular haemorrrage in the cerebrum and cerebellum, and leucocytic infiltrates in the muscles and various organs including pancreas, lungs and myocardium. Conclusions: Carboxyatractyloside poisoning causes multiple organ dysfunction and can be fatal. Coagulation abnormalities, hyponatraemia, marked hypoglycaemia, icterus and hepatic and renal failure are signs of a poor prognosis. No antidote is available and supportive therapy is the mainstay of treatment. © 2005 The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine.

PubMedID: 15469533 Objectives: Newborns, particulary preterm infants, have limited antioxidant protective capacity. The organism's defence system against reactive oxygen species including vitamins A, E and C, trace element selenium (Se) and enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) are essential components of the antioxidant system against the oxidative injury to the cellular membranes of erythrocytes. In this study, our aim was to compare the oxidant nitric oxide (total plasma nitrite level as an indicator of nitric oxide (NO)), antioxidant vitamins and selenium and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in premature babies with hyperbilirubinaemia with healthy preterms. Methods: Twenty preterm infants with newborn jaundice were included in the study group, while 15 preterm infants without jaundice were enrolled in the control group. We evaluated the mean plasma levels of, respectively, the total nitrite as an indicator of NO, bilirubin, vitamins A, E, C and selenium, and the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and GSH-Px of preterm infants with idiopathic hyperbilirubinaemia and compared to those of the control group. Results: The mean plasma total nitrite and total serum bilirubin levels and blood reticulocyte counts of the study group were found to be significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (all P < 0.001) and the mean plasma levels of the antioxidant vitamins A, E, and C (P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) and selenium (P < 0.001) of the study group were all found to be significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: We hypothesize that low antioxidants in pretem babies may predispose them to increased oxidative stress, and cause hyperbilirubinaemia.

Background and Aims To determine the demography, clinical manifestations and the most common organism isolated of the urinary tract infection (UTI) in the newborn infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unite (NICU). Methods Newborn infants diagnosed with UTI were investigated retrospectively, clinical and demographic characteristics of infants were collected from the medical records in the NICU. Urine cultures were obtained by suprapubic aspiration or urinary cathater. Results Fifty-one infants were included in this study. The mean (±SD) gestational age and weight of infants were 31.53±4.32 weeks, and 1724.90±902.21 g respectively. Male patients accounted for %56.9 of the study group. Infants born with cesarian section were %86.3. The median age for the urine culture was 31.53±4.3days. Klebsiella pneumania was the dominant microorganism isolated in 22 patients (43.13%), followed by Escherichia coli in 13 patients (25.4%). The most common presenting symptoms were vomitting in 39(76.5%) infants, desaturation in 34 (66.7%) infants, tachycardia in 31 (60.8%) infants, apnea in 21 (41.2%) infants and jaundice in 18 (35.3%) infants. Conclusions The incidence of UTI in newborn infants is 0.1–1% and it can be as high as 10% in low-birthweight and preterm babies. The presentation of UTI in the neonatal infants is non-specific and the most common clinical manifestations are vomitting, fever, enteral feeding intolerance, apnea and bradycardia. In this study, desaturation and tachycardia are also shown as presenting manifestations of UTI. Klebsiella pneumania was the dominant microorganism isolated in 22(43.13%) patients in our study.

Background In this study we aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels. Methods The subjects were 58 mothers and their newborns who were born between February 2012 and April 2012. Blood specimens were obtained within 72 h of birth and from mothers. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum concentrations ≤20 ng/mL. Results The mean gestational age and birth weight of preterm infants were 33.06 ± 2.2 weeks and 2125.4 ± 546 g and for term infants were 38.84 ± 1 weeks and 3470.3 ± 451 g, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics of mothers were not significantly different between groups. Twelve percent of infants born before 32 completed weeks, 16% infants born between 32–36 weeks and 28% of term infants had vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency was found in 27% mothers of preterm infants and 42% mothers of term infants. Conclusion Vitamin D receptors plays an important role in calcium absorption and bone metabolism. In the literature there are reports that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy had adverse gestational outcomes including risk of pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes. The mean vitamin D levels were normal in infants whereas their mothers had low levels of vitamin D. When we consider that all mothers in the study received vitamin D supplements, we should give appropriate vitamin D prophylaxis during pregnancy. Also we should give adequate vitamin D supplementation to the infants without any delay.

Background and Aims To investigate the effect of probiotics on colonization of resistant organisms in preterm infants receiving antibiotics. Methods This study comprised of preterm infants who were born < 36 weeks and received antibiotic treatment or prophylaxis. Preterm infants were divided into two groups according to receiving probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri). Stool culture and nasal swab culture were taken to determine colonization. Results In the group receiving probiotics, mostly colonizing the stool cultures bacteries were Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteriae spp., Staphylococcus spp. respectively, and in the group not receiving probiotic mostly colonizing the stool cultures bacteries were Klebsiella spp , Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. , Escherichia coli , Enterobacteriae spp. respectively. When probiotic receiving group compared was with not receiving group, proliferation rate of stool cultures was higher in probiotic group. In the groups receiving and not receiving probiotic, proliferation of the nose cultures were similar. Increase in the proliferation rates of weekly stool cultures in probiotic receiving group was statistically significant but there was no statistically difference in the proliferation rates of nose and other cultures that were taken weekly. There was no statistical difference in both groups in the development of resistant organisms. Conclusions The use of probiotics in neonatal intensive care unit for premature infants who received treatment with antibiotics, did not prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.

more common (p 4500 g was higher than the non-IDMs (p 4500 g (n=40), caesarean delivery (p=0.012), hypoglycemia (p=0.003) and polycythemia (p