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Background: At present, the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative disorders is based on the combination of blood or bone marrow smear morphology and immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. Immunophenotypic testing by flow cytometry technique is available only in big medical centers, which is not always convenient for a patient. Therefore, development of an available method for preliminary diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases not requiring special equipment seems relevant.Materials and methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 17 patients admitted to the hospital with suspicion of a lymphoproliferative disorder, and 17 healthy donors were studied on a cell biochip for determination of proportions of cells positive for various surface CD antigens. The diagnosis was verified by flow cytometry.Results: Compared to healthy controls and patients with T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (TCLPD), the patients with B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders (BCLPD) had significantly lower proportion of CD7+ cells (medians, 7% and 73% respectively, p=2×10-6 for comparison with healthy controls; median 7% and 93% for comparison with TCLPD, p=0.032). In addition, the patients with BCLPD had higher proportion of peripheral СD19+ mononuclear cells, compared to that in the patients with TCLPD and healthy donors (medians 84% and 13% for comparison between BCLPD and healthy control, p=2×10-5; 84% and 3% for comparison of BCLPD and TCLPD, p=0.033). The patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia had significantly higher CD5+ cells in the cell biochip compared to the patients with other BCLPD (medians 72% and 9%, p=0.024). The patients with TCLPD had significantly lower proportion of CD19+ cells than the healthy controls (medians, 3% and 13%, respectively, р=0.042).Conclusion: The study has demonstrated the potential to use the previously developed cell biochip for diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases. The biochip makes it possible to sort out white blood cells according to their surface differentiation antigen for their further morphological analysis. The cell biochip allows for the differential diagnosis between BCLPD and TCLPD and determination the lymphocyte clones based on the expression of immunoglobulin light chains.

The analysis of the current practice of financial monitoring in Russia is given. A study of the main directions, methods and forms of its implementation in the budgetary sphere and commercial organizations was carried out. The procedure for its implementation, participants, methods and techniques of verification are considered. On the basis of the comparison, common features and differences of external financial monitoring in commercial organizations and the budgetary sphere were identified, conclusions were formulated.

The article discusses the concept of “regulatory guillotine” and how its realization in the Russian Federation will affect on the field of assurance of measurement uniformity. According to the principles of the “guillotine”, regulatory requirements that negatively affect the existence and development of entrepreneurial activity should be identified and either completely eliminated or maximally simplified. The Government of the Russian Federation has developed an action plan (“roadmap”) for the realization of the “regulatory guillotine” mechanism, according to which all obsolete regulations will be repealed or no longer valid in the territory of the Russian Federation, and new ones will be developed in their place, corresponding to actual trends and realities . In addition, new systems of legal regulation will be built in the relevant areas of activity, based on the principles of openness, scientific and technical soundness, risk-based orientation, proportionality and feasibility. Since field of assurance of measurement uniformity is inextricably linked with most fields: from production and labor productivity, to ensuring defense capabilities and national security, any reforms will affect on the country's social and economic development.

In recent decades, the Russian Federation has seen an increase in the incidence of the population, including children and adolescents.Objective: to identify trends in the incidence and “to chronize” the pathology of young men in the Russian Federation. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the authors analyzed the overall and for the first time recorded incidence in 15–17-year-old men in 2000–2017. The authors noted a 35,8% increase in the overall incidence rate and a 35,4% increase in the for the first time recorded incidence rate. The maximum increase in the overall incidence is observed in the following classes: neoplasms (2,6 times), blood and bloodforming organs diseases (2 times), congenital anomalies (malformations; 1,8 times), circulatory system diseases (1,7 times), the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue diseases (1,6 times), endocrine and metabolic disorders (1,5 times). Based on theoverall and for the first time registered incidence the authors calculated the “chronicity” of diseases. With a general growth rate of this indicator of 0,3% there is a significant growth of this indicator for certain diseases: mental disorders and behavioral disorders (2,1 times), congenital anomalies (malformations; 1,9 times), endocrine system diseases, metabolic disorders (1,5 times).

The paper considers the option to reduce power consumption in the operation of the underloaded trunk pipeline by engaging additional pump units with lower rotor r.p.m. control using variable frequency drive. Under these conditions, the operating point of the pumps (delivery rate, head) approaches to the rated output, thus increasing the efficiency of the pumps and decreasing the electricity power consumption for pumping operations. The paper presents comparative calculations of operating conditions for a section of the trunk pipeline with a specified pumping capacity of 35 million t/year (60 % of the design load) when one, two and three main line pumps with variable frequency drives are engaged. The power consumption for pumping is calculated using the dependence of the variable frequency drive and motor efficiencies on the electric motor load and rotational speed. Based on the results of calculations, the electric energy saving is determined when additional pumping units are engaged. The experience has shown that when the second main line pump was engaged, the electric energy saving for pumping was 3.7% compared to the condition with one pump running. However, if the third pump is engaged, the saving is only 1.9 % – the decrease is due to lower motor and variable frequency drive efficiencies in the underloaded condition.

Production of steel rolled products by using traditional metallurgical technologies are rather material- and energyintensive and its concentration at gigantic steel plants resulted in the increased expenses for transportation of raw materials and finished products. To solve the problems, a practice of comparatively small metallurgical plants (mini-mills) construction is becoming widespread in the world steel industry. The mini-mills include modern electric arc furnaces, ladle steel treatment facilities and steel continuous casters combined with continuous rolling mills. The review complied from materials of international conferences, taken place in 2015–2019. In the review achievements in equipment and technology of metal products at mini-mills development considered, as well as analysis of modern economical methods of steel coils presented. It was shown, that the methods of strips endless rolling, widely used already at industrial scale in several countries, enable producing rather thin hot-rolled strips from liquid steel. Universal casting-rolling aggregates (CRA) developed, by which high quality strips of rather wide assortment can be produced. For a mass production of rather thin (down to 0.8 mm) hot-rolled strips, which can in many applications substitute more expensive coldrolled ones, compact aggregates of endless casting-rolling are recommended, which provide the yield of up to 98%. Concepts of the CRA elaborated for production of steel strips of wide assortment, from ultrathin strips to thick (25 mm) ones. The concepts include application of thermomechanical treatment to increase the mechanical properties of the rolled products from various steels, including low-alloyed ones.

In this Letter, we studied the photoresponse in multilayer graphene on a lithium niobate (LiNbO3) crystal under the conditions of an electric potential applied to graphene and transmission of a surface acoustic wave. The acoustoelectric current in graphene when irradiated with light is shown to either increase or decrease depending on the polarity of the potential applied to graphene. A surface acoustic wave causes the appearance of a periodic charge lattice in graphene that enhances the interaction with incident light, which leads to an increase in the photoresponse.

Hybrid structures composed of graphene films and (0001) graphene ribbons perpendicular to the surface of a graphene-like film have been produced through the catalytic decomposition of a carbon-containing gas on an Al-coated SiO2/Si substrate having Ni catalyst islands on its surface. A hybrid structure has been grown by a one-step chemical vapor deposition process, by admitting acetylene into a chamber for a short time. The hybrid structures thus produced have been used to fabricate Hall sensors with a sensitivity of 3000 Ω/T. The synthesized hybrid structures are potential candidates for use in nanoelectronic devices, energy storage systems, etc. The technique proposed for the growth of such films is compatible with technologies that are employed in the electronics industry.

Enhancing robotics sometimes overpasses even humans. This has an impact on the development of navigation systems and causes temptation to create a robot that could navigate like a human. But, to navigate like a human, a robot should see like a human, think like a human, and feel like a human. In fact, creating navigation systems in this way leads to creating a new human. The benefts of doing so hardly exceed the problems. This paper proposes another approach to creating navigation systems. Instead of making a robot a human, that is, keeping a robot a robot, it invites the robot to navigate in a simple robot’s space built in the rich human space. The approach brings valuable advantages: robots feel better in their own space and navigation systems, keeping the achieved level of accuracy, get features that were never possible before, in particular, they become universal, stable, multi-track, and scalable.

Subject of Research. The paper deals with methods and algorithms for mutual transformation of related pairs of images in order to enhance the capabilities of cross-modal multimedia retrieval (CMMR) technologies. We have thoroughly studied the problem of mutual transformation of face images of various kinds (e.g. photos and drawn pictures). This problem is widely represented in practice. Research is this area is based on existing datasets. The algorithms we have proposed in this paper can be applied to arbitrary pairs of related images due to the unified mathematical specification. Method. We have presented three image transformation algorithms. The first one is based on principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loève transform (1DPCA/1DKLT). Unlike the existing solution, it does not use the training set during the transformation process. The second algorithm assumes generation of an image population. The third algorithm performs the transformation based on two-dimensional principal component analysis and Karhunen-Loève transform (2DPCA/2DKLT). Main Results. The experiments on image transformation and population generation have revealed the main features of each algorithm. The first algorithm allows construction of an accurate and stable model of transition between two given sets of images. The second algorithm can be used to add new images to existing bases and the third algorithm is capable of performing the transformation outside the training dataset. Practical Relevance. Taking into account the qualities of the proposed algorithms, we have provided recommendations concerning their application. Possible scenarios include construction of a transition model for related pairs of images, mutual transformation of the images inside and outside the dataset as well as population generation in order to increase representativeness of existing datasets. Thus, the proposed algorithms can be used to improve reliability of face recognition performed on images of various kinds. Moreover, these techniques can be applied to address a wide variety of other CMMR problems.

The paper proves a theorem on polytopal fans and face polytopes that can be treated as an intermediate value theorem for face polytopes. According to this theorem if all fans FS obtained from a fan F by replacing one of its cones K with a subdivision S of K in some set H are polytopal, then the fan F is polytopal as well. Moreover, if PS, S ∈ H, are arbitrary face polytopes of the fans FS, then some positive combination of PS, S ∈ H, is a face polytope of the fan F. The reverse of the theorem is not true.

Introduction. The article presents the foundations of the concept of a digital simulator of pedagogical activity. Its characteristics allow us to see the possibilities of modeling pedagogical activity from the point of view of implementing the principles of the activity approach. The purpose of this research is to create a concept and methodological toolkit as a plot composition for programming a simulator of pedagogical activities for teaching to solve geometric problems. The content of one of the storylines on the topic “Orthocenter of a triangle” is shownMaterials and Methods. The modern system of higher education trains teachers for professional activities in the global information society. The development of information and digital technologies involves active use of distant education tools, which means educational technologies implemented using information and telecommunication networks with the indirect interaction of students and teachers. Due to these requirements, the paper considers the possibilities of simulation in the process of professional training of future school teachers. The following research methods were used: pedagogical experiment, observation and modeling, as well as analysis of existing simulators in the higher education system of the Russian Federation [9, 10, 11, 14] and foreign educational systems as well [20].Results. There has been developed a concept and adaptation of the mathematical content of the simulator [16] to the level of specialized secondary education. To create such a simulator, a bank of pedagogical situations and options for their solution was created, the source of replenishment of which is the pedagogical practice of students at school. We see the prospect that the interaction of the simulator should be built in such a way as to meet the potential user needs and the requirements of the professional standard [19]. The concept of a simulator for teaching to solve geometric problems is based on the theoretical foundations of elementary geometry and methods (techniques) for solving problems of increased complexity in geometry (profile level, Unified State Exam, Olympiad problems), teaching methods for geometric problems, cognitive psychology.Discussion and Conclusions. The article presents a model for simulating the actions of a future mathematics teacher in the process of organizing the solution of a geometric problem from the point of view of didactics, psychology, methods and axioms of geometry. An experimental base has been prepared for a future pedagogical experiment on the introduction of a simulator into the educational process of training mathematics teachers.

Currently, the concept of innovative economy has become highly demanded as Russia needs to move to its standards. In addition, the recent years have seen the appearance of many new professions in different spheres, and most of them belong to the services sector. As a result, it has become necessary to assess personal contributions to the overall result of the collegial work. That is why the Russian managers have turned to the foreign practice of using the system of Key Performance Indicators also known as KPI. KPI study began in the USA more than 60 years ago and was quite successful; although, this system did not become the ideology of business in America. Russia adopted this system only several years ago, so it is too early to draw conclusions regarding its success. The article covers the peculiarities of the KPI system application in modern Russia. This work presents an analysis of the reasons for the widespread use of the KPI system and its variations in Russia, and it reveals the factors that limit its application. The research provides the real-life examples of KPI system implementation in different areas and sectors assessing the effectiveness of this implementation. The object of the research is government-owned corporations, private companies, and commercial banks.

The problem of face photo retrieval using sketches constructed based on a description provided by a witness is discussed. The status of this problem from primary concepts and the used terminology, to modern technologies for constructing sketches, real scenarios and search results is reviewed. The development history of systems for constructing facial composites (identikits and sketches) and the ideas realized in these systems are provided. The task of automatically searching through a database of original photo images using a face sketch is discussed, and the reasons of low performance of such search in real-world scenarios are brought to light. Requirements to databases of sketches in addition to the existing benchmark face databases and also methods of creation of such databases are formulated. Within this framework the methods for generation a population of sketches from the initial sketch to improve the performance of sketch-based photo image retrieval systems are discussed. A method to increase the index of similarity in pairs sketch-photo based on computation of an average sketch from the generated population is provided. It is shown that such sketches are more similar to original photo images and their use in the discussed problem may lead to good results. But for all that, the created sketches meet the requirements of the truthful scenario as allow possibility of incomplete information in verbal descriptions. Results of experiments on CUHK Face Sketch and CUHK Face Sketch FERET databases and also open access sketches and corresponding photo images are discussed.

Carbon films were fabricated on oxidized silicon substrates coated by treated bi-layer catalyst film using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method with a short-time acetylene inflow. The films consisted of carbon nanotubes and bundles of them, and graphene-like carbon nanostructures. Unusually high magnetic field sensitivity (3000 Ω/T) obtained from Hall measurements was observed in the films. The effect of scaling the size of the Hall sensor from carbon films on its magnetic field sensitivity has been investigated. The sensitivity of the Hall sensor with an active area size of 0.13×0.13 µm2 was found to be 1140 Ω/T, which is much higher than reported in the literature. This carbon material is promising for the fabrication of Hall effect sensors of submicron size.

In unconstrained facial images, large visual variations concerning pose, scale, the presence of occlusions, expressions and lighting usually cause difficulties in discriminating faces from the background accurately. As a result, some non-face regions are recognized as faces (false positive) and that influences the effectiveness of face detection algorithms which is characterized by low false positive (FP) rate, high detection rate and high speed of processing. In order to reduce these non-face regions, they are considered as anomalies and then try to detect them. In this paper, we propose an anomaly detection method using reconstruction error from variational autoencoder (VAE), which is a generative machine learning model. We train VAE to learn reconstructing faces that are close to its original input faces using FDDB dataset, then the difference between the original input face and the reconstructed output is measured to obtain the reconstruction error which can be used as an anomaly score. Consequently, the regions resulting from faces detection algorithm with high reconstruction error are defined as anomalies or false positives.

Some new approaches for phase calibration of hydrophones by the reciprocity method are considered. Uses of this method for measuring the phase angle of the sensitivity for the geometric and acoustic centers of a hydrophone and for determining the position of the acoustic center from its shift relative to the geometric center of a hydrophone are described. Results from an experimental test of these techniques are presented.

This paper describes the developed information system (IS), aimed at the realization of the possibility of remote work with the program permutation test on supercomputers. As part of the article provides a detailed description of the software components included in the information system and a brief description of the operating principle of the permutation test (PT). This work was supported by RFBR grant No16-37-00240.

Realization of system of diagnostics of states and management of technological safety in space of states is considered. The technique of definition of the center of safety on the basis of the solution of a problem of linear programming and the two-level system of decision-making on ensuring technological safety is offered. At the first level the center of safety is defined, at the second level the problem of stabilization of process in the field of safe functioning is solved.

We examine a method for estimating the transient impedance of an emitter and a receiver in a free field based on sliding complex averaging of the frequency dependence of the transient impedance of the emitter and the receiver obtained under continuous emission in an undamped pool. The method makes it possible to weaken the influence of reflected signals and to obtain frequency characteristics almost coinciding with measured ones in free-field conditions. We present results from experimental studies of the method and its application for calibration of hydrophones by field with the reciprocity method in a reverberating field.

Spectral characteristics of laser systems used for precision two-photon spectroscopy of the 1s—2s transition in the hydrogen atom are analysed. The spectral properties of radiation from a 972-nm external-cavity semiconductor laser stabilised by external monolithic cavities of different configurations are considered in detail. The classical cavity scheme with a horizontal axis and a new scheme with a vertical axis, which is weakly sensitive to vibrations, are considered. The emission spectrum of a stabilised laser exhibits a narrow central peak and a pedestal caused by the residual phase noise. The semiconductor laser stabilised with respect to the vertical-axis cavity emits the line of width less than 0.45 Hz, which contains ≈99% of the total output power. The transformation of the emission spectrum upon frequency doubling in nonlinear crystals is investigated. The laser system developed in the study provides the narrowing of the recorded 1s—2s transition line in the hydrogen atom down to 2 kHz at 121 nm.

The problem of automatic photo-sketchmatching is discussed. Methods for generation a sketches population from the initial sketch to improve the performance of sketch-based photo image retrieval systems is proposed. A method to increase the index of similarity in pairs sketch-photo based on computation of an average sketch from the generated population is provided. It is shown that such sketches are more similar to original photo images and their use in the discussed problem may lead to good results.

Flow diagrams are presented for the traditional system of collecting well production using a force pumping station, and the collection and single-pipe transport of well production using a water-jet station, which includes a water-jet pump (WJP). WJP are being developed for the pumping of well production at flow rates of up to 3600 m3/day with the mixture under a pressure of up to 4.0 MPa at the outlet.

We experimentally studied the narrow resonances of coherent population trapping (CPT) in a rubidium vapor cell with the help of a phase-coherent bichromatic light source based on a mode-locked femtosecond laser. We investigated the dependence of the contrast and the width of CPT resonance on the light power, as well as the sensitivity of the shape of the resonance to a magnetic field. Prospects of using the novel bichromatic source for phase-coherent Raman spectroscopy of CPT resonances in atomic systems with a large energy separation of the lower levels are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The present status of the main components of the TJ-II Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW) heating system are presented. The O-X-B scenario has been chosen for first harmonic (28 GHz) heating. One 300 kW, 100 ms gyrotron has been checked and is ready for installation. The design of a new high voltage power supply unit is finished. The microwave power will be transmitted by an oversized corrugated waveguide. Two ellipsoidal mirrors optimise the gaussian beam parameters at the input of the waveguide and two corrugated ones get the required polarization. A movable internal mirror is needed to accomplish the restrictive launching conditions. The present cooling system of the ECRH system is being upgraded to cool the 28 GHz-complex. The start of the experiments is scheduled for the end of 2005.

A hydrophone calibration procedure that considerably reduces the error caused by the acoustic field distortions in a hydroacoustic tank is proposed. The procedure is based on the definition of the reduced electric transfer impedances of transducers (i.e., the electric transfer impedances reduced to the spherical wave propagation law) and consists in measuring the electric transfer impedances for different distances between hydroacoustic transducers. The sensitivity of the hydrophone under calibration is calculated from the far-field values of the reduced electric transfer impedances. The latter are determined using a mathematical model of the hydrophone in the form of a system that contains a point sensing element and a finite number of point sources of acoustic signals (point reflectors). A method of determining the number and coordinates of the point reflectors from the analysis of the acoustic “images” of the hydrophone’s reflecting surface is proposed. The measuring technique, the algorithms of mathematical processing, and the results of experimental studies are considered. A comparative analysis of the results of the hydrophone calibration with respect to the field by the reciprocity method is performed for the cases of using the conventional technique and the proposed method.

Fe – Pt alloy thin and ultra thin films were deposited by the pulse laser evaporation method. Micronano Hall devices were fabricated from ultra thin films by an Ar plasma etching process using electron beam lithography procedures. The extraordinary Hall effect (EHE) in Fe – Pt alloy thin and ultra thin films and micronano Hall devices was investigated. The film thickness reduction is found to cause an increase in Hall voltage, which means an enhancement of field sensitivity of the Hall sensor. Maximum sensitivity S=260 Ω/ T was measured in ultra thin film with thickness d=20 Å.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized on specified parts of oxidized silicon substrates by single acetylene burst CVD and studied with high-resolution scanning electron and scanning probe micro-scopes. The resistance of individual nanotubes and nanotube series was measured using devices fabricated by the deposition of Pd and Pd/Al electrodes on the obtained single-wall nanotubes. The contact potential difference between Pd electrodes and carbon nanotubes was measured in the Kelvin mode of a scanning probe microscope.

A special test facility is required for examining means of measurement under development in conditions corresponding to those of the environment where they will be used as regards chemical composition and thermohydraulic behavior, especially as regards the types and magnitudes of the external factors. A method is given for preparing certified aqueous mixtures under continuous flow conditions.

A technology has been developed for genotyping spring rape cultivars on the basis of microsatellite analysis, which makes it possible to reliably distinguish cultivars, including those closely related, and it can be used for their passportization and certification, compiling genealogies, and protecting the intellectual property of breeders.

The expediency of using washed polypropylene fibres with a linear density of 0.33 tex treated with an organosilicon water repellent in the amount of 7% of the weight of the fibre for production of sorption filter material was demonstrated. The nonwoven filter material is recommended for treating wastewaters and removing petroleum products from the surface of water.

The fabrication of LiTaO 3 films on Si(111) by r.f. sputtering is reported. The film quality was estimated by X-ray diffraction and SEM techniques. The local dielectric inhomogeneities of the films were studied using e-beam sample charging.

The problem of space-time self-modulation of strong laser fields is solved by the method of successive approximations. The nonlinear diffractional and nonlinear dispersive transformations of beam width and pulse duration are studied with emphasis on the reciprocal effects of nonlinear diffraction and dispersion. The effect of incomplete initial time and space coherence on the space-time parameters of a laser field and the conversion of its coherent properties is examined.

Measured propagation speeds are given for the combustion front in a blind gap in a condensed substance, which are related to gap height and mean pressure. The front may propagate monotonically, which is characteristic of relatively high pressures and wide gaps, or as a result of additional burning foci arising at a certain distance from the main front. At low pressures and particularly with small gap heights, the front propagates in an unstable fashion over the surface.

Nonstationary thermal self-action of laser radiation with limited spatial coherency is analyzed using the nonlinear phase channel technique. Specifically, the main effects related to random field modulation are considered. The nonmonotonic change of correlation radius along the pulse length is explained. The results obtained are in good agreement with data of laboratory and numerical experiments.

This review pictures the current state of the problem of propagation of random light fields in optically transparent media having Kerr and thermal nonlinearity. Models are presented of random laser beams and pulses; the correlation properties of the fluctuating light fields and the fundamental theoretical methods of solving the stochastic nonlinear wave equations of quasioptics are described. Spatial instability, self-focusing, and defocusing, the transformation of the spatial statistics of incoherent beams, and the wind refraction of random fields are examined. Quadratic and cubic dispersion, lag of the nonlinear response, non-steady-state nature of the nonlinear polarization, and compression of random pulses are analyzed. Attention is paid to problems of the mutual influence of spatial and temporal fluctuations of the light field in a nonlinear medium.