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Tracheobronchial injuries as a consequence of chest blunt trauma are rare. Blunt traumas of the cervical part of the trachea are a rarer pathology presenting a serious diagnostic problem for a clinician. Traumas of the larynx and the trachea account for 40 to 80% of lethality. The tracheas cervical part is vulnerable despite that it is covered with the neck muscles, spine, clavicles, and mandible. In cut/stab wounds, the tracheas cervical part is often damaged together with the adjacent structures. In blunt trauma, under a direct action of a traumatizing agent, the mobile trachea displaces toward the spine, accompanied by damage to the tracheal cartilages, its membranous part, and the soft surrounding tissues with preservation of the integrity of the skin. Tracheal ruptures along the distance up to 1 cm from the cricoid cartilage account for not more than 4% of all tracheal ruptures. A complete tracheal rupture and its abruption from the larynx are extremely rare pathology. Because of severe respiratory disorders, most victims die at the site where their injury occurred. This article presents a clinical case of the successful treatment of patient Z., 41 years of age, with complete tracheal abruption from the larynx. The cause of tracheal damage was blunt neck trauma in a traffic accident. A peculiarity of this clinical case was that the victim arrived at a specialized thoracic surgery unit with a functioning tracheostomy two days after the trauma. Conclusion. Tracheal trauma is a potentially fatal condition. Therefore, early diagnosis of tracheobronchial damage is essential since it permits timely surgical intervention and diminished risk of lethal outcome. When dealing with patients with trauma of the head, neck, and chest with non-corresponding clinical data and the absence of effective recommended standard therapeutic measures, a clinician should become alert and exclude the tracheal and bronchial damage. X-ray computed tomography and fibrotracheobronchoscopy are strongly recommended as reliable methods to diagnose tracheobronchial damages. In a surgical intervention, it is necessary to perform the primary suture on the trachea, avoid preventive tracheostomy, and delay interventions associated with poorer prognosis and a high complication rate.

The low concentration of nitrogen oxide during coal combustion in fluidized bed furnaces is due to the limited proportion of primary air in the combustion zone. The schemes applied for the preparation of crushed coal are mostly for the use of coal breakage screens with a fixed maximum particle size in the mixture. The primary air flow is limited to the conditions of the fluidization of the bed and can be reduced only by reducing the size of the particles fed into the furnace. With a constant particle size and lower boiler loads, the proportion of primary air and thus the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas increase. The use of separators to change the particle size has never been considered, since it is a priori assumed that the separators cannot provide the required disperse composition of crushed coal. To assess the possibility of using separators in the schemes of preparing crushed coal for combustion in a fluidized bed and to determine the necessary separation boundaries, variants calculations were carried out in respect to the coal preparation scheme for boiler No. 9 of the Novocherkasskaya hydro-power plant. It is shown that the disperse composition of the fine separation product in the gravity separator with overturning shelves along the 5 mm boundary is identical to the disperse composition of crushed coal obtained in the scheme with a screen and crusher. The dependence of the maximum particle size of crushed coal on the separation boundary of the separator is given. It is shown that in the scheme of preparation of crushed coal for combustion in a fluidized bed, replacement of screens with gravity separators will not lead to violation of the requirements for the dispersed composition of crushed coal. At the same time, the proposed replacement allows you to quickly change the maximum particle size of crushed coal during operational activity and thereby to maintain the optimal fraction of primary air when the boiler load changes.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic consequences of the transfer in 1947 of the director of the Urals Machine-Building Plant (UZTM) B. G. Muzrukov into the system of the Soviet atomic project for the subsequent development of production at UZTM. B. G. Muzrukov was the main initiator, developer and organizer of the reconversion program carried out at UZTM since 1944. His transfer coincided with the height of its implementation. Materials and Methods. The authors used statistical and clerical materials on the activities of UZTM in 1946–1953. Based on the annual accounting reports of the plant for its main activities, dynamic statistical series of data were compiled on the implementation of the UZTM plan for the shaft and nomenclature of products (method of average percentage). The information obtained was analyzed in the context of the planning targets, personnel changes, and the state of production discipline at the plant. Results and Discussion. It was established that the reassignment of B. G. Muzrukov aggravated the problems associated with the implementation of the production reconversion program at UZTM. They were marked in a number of internal and external factors (drop in reporting rates, conflicts in the workforce, changes in planned buildings, adjustments to the reconversion program by the relevant ministry). Conclusion. The tested/shown method of analysis and evaluation of the results of the UZTM operation can be extended to other industrial enterprises of the USSR in the 1940s–1950s. The subsequent analysis of the data in dynamics and comparison will allow the professional community to expand its own understanding of the specifics of the functioning of the industry in the period of the late Stalinism.

In this article, we consider the modes of neutrals of 0,38 to 750 kV networks. In any network with different voltage classes, the neutral point of a power transformer winding can operate both in isolated and deaf earthed mode. However, the choice of this mode depends on economic feasibility. The paper presents arguments and advantages of application of system with isolated and compensated neutral of networks with voltage classes 6–35 kV. For networks of these voltage classes various options of connecting arc suppression reactors with step and smooth regulation, as well as low and high impedance resistors in the neutral point of neutralizing transformer or zero sequence filter are considered. On the example of operation of electric networks of the Republic of Chuvashia for many decades it is emphasized that compensation of capacitive currents with arc suppression reactors is an effective and reliable way to protect not only substation electrical equipment from overvoltage, but also to ensure electrical safety of people and animals, as well as reinforced concrete towers from destruction. It is noted that the 6–35 kV networks in the future can be made with deaf earthed neutral. However, this will be possible under the condition that self-supporting insulated wires will be installed on overhead transmission lines instead of bare wires, and cross-linked polyethylene cables will be used on cable lines. It is emphasized that the introduction of work under voltage in 6-35 kV networks and digitalization of substations with the widespread introduction of microprocessor technology will accelerate the transition from a system with insulated (or compensated) neutral to a deaf earthed system. Nevertheless, the decision to switch from the insulated neutral system to a deaf earthed system will remain the prerogative of the design organization based on the specifics of the electrical equipment and the sphere of industrial activity.

The study aimed to develop recommendations for the optimization of settings in which the crowdsourcing project takes place. Findings show that crowdfunding projects are hybrid and include the elements of crowdsourcing, crowdsensing, crowdfunding, crowdworking, and crowdsourced recruitment. The predominant role of security guarantees was identified. It turned out that relations irreducible to a simple hierarchy pose many challenges. The results indicate that leading issues include the lack of financial guarantees and the likelihood of information leakage to competitors. Hence, the priority is to manage the exchange of money and information. An interesting finding demonstrates a positive correlation between project success, ethical conduct, and fair distribution of gains. The protection of intellectual property rights was no less important. As it was concluded in the course of analysis, the more successful the project, the more thoroughly it addresses the protection of someone else's intellectual property.

Film structures of porous graphene have been produced by irradiating a polyimide film with focused radiation of a continuous CO2 laser. The generation of nanosecond photocurrent pulses induced by nanosecond laser pulses in a wide wavelength range has been observed in the obtained structures. It has been demonstrated that the photocurrent increases linearly with pulsed laser power and is an odd function of the angle of incidence of radiation on the film structure. The wavelength dependence of the coefficient of conversion of laser power into photocurrent has been measured. The obtained data have been interpreted as a result of current generation due to photon drag effect.

Currently, training using simulation technologies is an integral part of the modern educational process. The introduction of these technologies makes it possible to link theoretical training with practical activity. The aim of this study was to find out the students' opinion about the influence of simulator classes on the quality of education, on the choice of a future specialty, and whether they were interested in studying in these classes.In the course of the study, it was revealed that, according to students, simulation classes improved the quality of mastering theoretical material not only in this discipline, but also in related clinical disciplines, and that the classes were interesting. Thus, the research carried out indicates the need to integrate simulation training into the main educational programs.

The article discusses issues related to the transition of the oil and gas industry to a low-carbon economy. Within the framework of the scenario approach the key risks of the transition period are considered. The importance of managing climate risks for organizations in the oil and gas industry is emphasized. The prospect of including climatic risks in the general risk management system of the organization is shown. Examples of the implementation of new approaches to climate risk management and adaptation to climate change in Russia and abroad are given.

The objective of the study: to study the course and clinical outcomes of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in patients with lung injury due to COVID-19.Subjects and methods. Clinical and radiation data of 11 patients (above 18 years old) with SP due to COVID-19 were retrospectively analyzed, they all were treated in the thoracic surgery department. COVID-19 was confirmed in all patients by laboratory tests. According to the chest computed tomography, the patients had signs typical of viral pneumonia and SP.Results. The surgical treatment of SP that included thoracocentesis on the pneumothorax side and closed drainage of the pleural cavity allowed resolving the pneumothorax and inflating the lung fully in 10/11 patients within 4 days on average (max = 7 days) from the moment when the surgery was done. The lethal outcome was in 1/11 (9.1%) patient which occurred 1 day after the diagnosis and successful drainage of the bilateral SP, the patient had symptoms of acute cardiovascular failure.

The paper provides a classification and outlines the current state of anti-thermal imaging protection of military equipment. Currently, improving the reliability of such objects in combat conditions is one of the key tasks. The authors carried out the analysis and considered the prospects for the development of existing systems of anti-thermal imaging protection for moving objects as an important factor in increasing their reliability. It has been shown that the most promising are active-type anti-thermal imaging protection systems. The paper proposes a way to improve the reliability of armored and other vehicles in modern conditions. As an example, an anti-thermal imaging protection system consisting of active cooling modules is considered for armored vehicles. It can operate in two modes: stealth and rapid supercooling of the object’s surface (“black hole”). During the operation of the anti-thermal imaging protection, the system uses controlled cooling of active modules with liquid nitrogen. A design is proposed and a method for calculating the parameters of active cooling modules is developed. The advantages of the developed anti-thermal imaging system for protecting the object are as follows: dual-mode operation of the system and the use of a pre-stored “cold” source, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for additional energy consumption during operation. The proposed system of modular active anti-thermal imaging protection can be used for different vehicles with appropriate adaptation to the object of the general design of the system and modification of the adjustable cooling active module.

Relative losses of electric power during transmission and distribution in electric networks are considered in the paper. The components of commercial losses of electric power and their structure are given. From the presented data of technical and commercial losses of some areas of power networks of «ПАО «MRSK of Volga» – «Chuvashenergo» following the results of one month 2020, calculated with the use of «RAP-Standard» program according to the statements of power sales, it follows that total losses are from 11,6 to 17%. By the example of two sections of power grid companies of PAO MRSK of Volga – Chuvashenergo and the Republic of Tatarstan a comparison of commercial losses before and after the installation of intelligent power metering devices was made. It is estimated that the difference in electric power losses after installation of «smart» electric meters at both sites of the above mentioned enterprises was significantly reduced: at one site from 14 to 5.1%, and at the other – from 17.3 to 9.4%. It is shown that specific losses after installation of intellectual metering devices in Verkhneuslonsky district settlement of JSC «Grid Company» Buinskie Power Networks per one metering device decreased by 19.7%.

This research aimed to analyze the current trends in the digital transformation of educational institutions. The investigation lasted from November 2019 to May 2020 and was based on three higher educational institutions (HEIs) in the Russian Federation: Belgorod State University, Moscow State Institute of International Relations, and Kutafin Moscow State Law University. The number of respondents enrolled was 420 people. In an attempt to bring together views and experiences of different actors of the educational sector, three individual online surveys were conducted among administrative staff, teachers, and students of mentioned educational institutions. All respondents were provided with questionnaires aimed at identifying current trends in educational paradigm transformation and studying the extent to which digital strategies are applied in the process of HEIs’ development. The detailed analysis of survey outcomes allowed indicating positive and negative trends in digitalization of educational processes from the perspective of university administrative staff, teachers, and students. Positive trends were: ensuring the availability of higher education through the implementation of full-fledged distance learning courses; enhancing the students’ experience through the introduction of innovative teaching methods; providing open access to educational resources and research results; opportunity to participate in global “open science” initiatives; and reduction of higher education cost to ensure its accessibility and mass scale. The barriers to the digital transformation of the educational sphere were: lack of funds for the implementation of a comprehensive digital transformation strategy; resistance to changes on the part of the staff; and a low level of confidence in technological solutions used in teaching practice. As a result, the conducted investigation uncovered the essence of digital transformation in the institutional structures of the higher education sector. However, given that digitalization is a complex process affecting most spheres of socio-economic interaction, consideration of only positive and negative digital transformation trends is insufficient to thoroughly analyze global digital shifts and the formation of national vectors for digital society development.

The article discusses issues related to the impact of climate change on the objects of the oil and gas industry. The main trends in climate change on a global and regional (on the territory of Russian Federation) scale are outlined. Possible approaches to the identification and assessment of climate risks are discussed. The role of climatic risks as physical factors at various stages of development and implementation of oil and gas projects is shown. Based on the example of oil and gas facilities in the Tomsk region, a qualitative assessment of the level of potential risk from a weather and climatic perspective is given. Approaches to creating a risk management and adaptation system to climate change are presented.

This article is devoted to the mechanisms of neural network training for forecasting the meteorological situation when using GIS. The structural scheme of the GIS under consideration is proposed as a project solution and the main elements allowing to implement neural networks and their training are defined. The stochastic method is chosen as a tool for neural network training as it suggests the most probable outcome of the event based on the previous sample. The article gives an example of testing neural network training as an application program «Data Processor». The results described in the article allow us to judge about the applicability of the selected neural network training method for forecasting meteorological conditions and using data in geoinformation decision-making systems. Keywords: geoinformation system, synoptic forecast method, hydrodynamic forecast method, aggregator, data processor, knowledge base, deterministic method, expert estimation method, stochastic method, neural network, sampling, probability dispersion.

Introduction. Rehabilitation of children in stationary suburban recreation and health improvement organizations (camps) is one of the priority directions for children’s health care and social policy of the state. The introduced total self-isolation regimen in the spring of 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition to distance education made signifi cant adjustments to the prevailing stereotypes of the daily routine and behavior of children, led to a reduction in the time spent in the open air, a decrease in their physical activity. Aim of the research. Comparative evaluation of the effi ciency indicators of children’s health improvement in the pandemic (2020) and non-epidemic (2018–2019) periods in children’s summer stationary suburban camps for recreation and health promotion. Materials and methods. The study was carried out as a part of the pilot project implementation “Evaluation of the Health Improvement Effi ciency” (2018–2020) on the territory of 15 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The information was collected and analyzed using the software “Evaluation of the Organization of Children’s Health Improvement in Stationary Suburban Recreation and Health Promotion Camps”, developed by the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Federal Service for the Oversight of Consumer Protection and Welfare (Novosibirsk). The object of the study was children aged 7–17 years (n = 85 666) who had a rest in 134 stationary recreation and health improvement camps in the summer of 2018–2020. To determine the efficiency of recuperation, such indicators as the length and weight of the body, lung capacity, hand strength and their dynamics were assessed during the period of the health improving shift. Evaluation of the results was carried out in accordance with 2.4.4.0127-18 “Methodology for Evaluating the Effi ciency of Health Improvement in Stationary Organizations for Recreation and Health Promotion of Children” guidelines. R e s u l t s . It was revealed a decrease in the proportion of children with a high effi ciency of health improvement in 2020 in comparison with 2018–2019 due to the lack of positive dynamics of hand strength and vital capacity of the lungs indicators, as well as negative dynamics of body mass index. Conclusion. The lower indicators of the effi ciency of children’s health improvement are due to a considerable decrease in physical activity and the time spent in the open air in the period preceding the summer health-improving season of 2020.

The problem of the metrological provision of generators of high-voltage voltage pulses with subnanosecond front rise time has been solved, as well as pulsed voltage splitters used in power engineering, aviation, and aerospace industries. As a result of the completion of the State Primary Special Standard for units of the intensities of pulsed electrical and magnetic fields with pulse front rise times in the range 0.1–10.0 ns per GET 148-2013, a mode of implementing the reproduction of the unit of high transient electric voltage with a minimum pulse front rise time of 100 ps has been implemented. The uncertainties of reconstituting the unit of high transient electric voltage, obtained by numerical modeling with the Monte Carlo method, are evaluated, as well as in accordance with the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Likewise, the error of reproduction of the unit according to GOST 8.381-2009, “GSI. Standards. Methods of Expression of Precision,” is evaluated.

Purpose. To evaluate effectiveness of nasolacrimal duct intubation with silicone tube in congenital dacryocystitis (CD) and substantiate optimal timing of its removal. Material and Methods. 25 patients with CD were operated in the Khabarovsk branch of the S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution in order to restoring conductivity of nasolacrimal duct of using the intubation set FCI (France). In addition to ophthalmic examination methods, all children underwent scleral examination which includes determination of acid base state (pH) of the wound exudate (secretion) from the nasal cavity. Inflammatory index was also scored which characterized the severity of standard signs of inflammation in the nasal mucosa after surgery. Results. There were no complications during the surgery. Normalization of nasal exudate pH values in children with uncomplicated СD was registered by the 4th week after the surgery. Normalization of nasal exudate pH values in children with recurrent СD was registered by the 6th week, coinciding with full disappearance clinical signs of inflammation. At the indicated periods, the silastic tubes were removed. One child had relapse of disease after suffering acute rhinitis 6 months after the surgery. This patient underwent dacryocystorhinostomy with positive effect. Conclusion. Bicanalicular temporary intubation of nasolacrimal duct using silicone tube in children with CD is considered as an effective treatment. In accordance with obtained results, in children with uncomplicated CD the removal of silicone implant is advisable 4 weeks after its installation, in children with recurrent CD the removal of silicone implant is advisable no earlier than 6 weeks. Key words: congenital dacryostenosis, intubation set, endoscopic rhinoscopy.

This study presents a brief bibliometric overview of large scientific literature data related to issues of energy systems research from 1970 to 2020 in the Scopus database. The six periods depending on different publication activity rates were analyzed to observe the evolution of research topics of energy systems. VOSviewer software was used to construct scientific knowledge maps and to discover valuable main topics for each period. Proposed visualization of the energy knowledge domain can be considered as a necessary step for a holistic understanding of complex development pathways towards the future sustainable energy systems.

High pressure-high temperature (HP-HT) nanodiamonds and detonation nanodiamonds have unique optical properties and are promising materials for various applications in photonics. In this work, for the first time, comparative studies of the nonlinear optical properties of aqueous suspensions of HP-HT and detonation nanodiamonds under femtosecond laser excitation are performed. Using the z-scan technique, it was found that for the same laser pulse parameters HP-HT nanodiamonds exhibited optical limiting due to two-photon absorption while detonation nanodiamonds exhibited saturable absorption accompanied by short-term optical bleaching, revealing the different electronic-gap structures of the two types of nanodiamonds. The saturable absorption properties of detonation nanodiamonds are characterized by determining the saturable and non-saturable absorption coefficients, the saturation intensity, and the ratio of saturable to non-saturable losses. The nonlinear absorption in HP-HT nanodiamonds is described with the nonlinear absorption coefficient that decreases with decreasing concentration of nanoparticles linearly. The results obtained show the possibility of using aqueous suspensions of nanodiamonds for saturable absorption and optical limiting applications.

CuSe-based structures are widely used in various fields of photonics and optoelectronics. It has been shown for the first time that a photocurrent depending on the direction of the wave vector and polarization of the incident radiation can be excited in thin films consisting of amorphous Se and CuSe nanocrystallites. Films on glass substrates have been obtained by the successive thermal deposition of selenium and copper in vacuum at room temperature. The photocurrent has been excited by radiation of a femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 795 nm at room temperature. It has been found that the longitudinal photocurrent measured in the direction of the plane of incidence is maximal at p-polarization and vanishes at s-polarization. The transverse pho-tocurrent perpendicular to the plane of incidence is an odd function of the polarization angle and is absent at p- and s-polarizations. In both cases, the photocurrent is an odd function of the angle of incidence of light on the film surface. The results obtained are in qualitative agreement with the theory of generation of the surface photogalvanic effect.

The reproductive potential of a woman depends on indicators of the ovarian reserve, such as the anti-Muller hormone (AMH) and the number of antral follicles (NAF). Autoimmune diseases have a significant effect on fertility and contribute to the development of premature ovarian failure. Aim.To evaluate the parameters of the ovarian reserve in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, carriers of antibodies to the thyroid gland in a state of euthyroidism and compare them with similar parameters in healthy women. Materials and methods.In the first block of the study, the level of AMH, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, NAF was studied among 224 women with diabetes and 230 healthy women in the control group. In block II, the level of the above hormonal indices was studied in 35 carriers of antithyroid antibodies in the state of euthyroidism and 35 healthy women. Results.In patients with type 1 diabetes, the level of AMH, NAF was statistically significantly lower when compared with the control group. Among carriers of antithyroid antibodies and healthy women, no difference in AMH and NAF was found. Conclusion.The autoimmune processes accompanying diabetes are more influenced by the ovarian reserve indices than autoimmune aggression to the tissues of the thyroid gland.

Recently, there has been a very rapid accumulation of empirical data of economic indicators of the food crisis associated with the coronavirus pandemic. The purpose of this article was to develop a set of measures aimed at minimizing the negative economic impact of the coronavirus crisis (CVC) both at the national and international levels. All these presupposed solving the following tasks. Having studied the nature of the crisis, we found out that it had the greatest impact on such components of food sector as transport, logistic chains, and human resources. We revealed that, first of all, such areas of the economy as fisheries and agricultural production of fruits and vegetables were affected by the crisis. It is obvious that it will also adversely affect small farmers, seasonal and migrant workers, etc. The work proposes the most effective public measures against the negative impact of CVC on the global economy. In particular, we examined the scenario of (possibly temporary) nationalization of operators of critical infrastructure to produce planned critical goods or services. The developed set of measures included limitation of the workers’ rights and freedoms by imposing to them labor duties, or replacing them with military ones, limiting the price of strategic goods, and organizing their consumption and distribution. Possible triggers for the implementation of such a scenario in the agricultural sector are offered, as well as mechanisms of protecting and supporting groups of economic agents affected by CVC are proposed.

The article deals with the issue of paying for electricity transmission services by consumers in connection with the introducing on the 1st of July, 2020 the Federal Law no. 522-FZ dated December 27, 2018 and the requirements for smart devices and electricity metering systems. This topic is one of the key points in the fight against non-payments for electrical energy, reducing business losses. The article draws attention to the change in the relationship between a consumer of electrical power and its supplier after the introduction of the above-mentioned law. The opportunities of intelligent electricity metering systems are examined as well as their features and some of their characteristics are given. On the example of the Verkhneuslonsky region of the Republic of Tatarstan, served by the branch of JSC “Network Company” Buinsky electrical networks, a comparative analysis of electrical power consumption is presented according to the data of those consumers who have smart metering devices installed and those who use ordinary counters. It is shown that installation of intelligent electric power metering systems made it possible to increase the useful power supply for the observed period by 15.5% in 2020 against 1.8% when using traditional counters for the same period of 2019.

Integral expressions are obtained for the reflectance and transmittance spectra of a structure that is formed by two thin layers deposited on opposite faces of a plane-parallel substrate and that is obliquely illuminated with partially coherent light. As a result of an asymptotic analysis of the integrals, approximate analytical formulas are found for calculating the indicated spectra, which are convenient for use to solve inverse spectrophotometry problems. An aluminum doped zinc oxide layer deposited on a glass substrate is studied. The spectra of the refractive indices and absorbances of the layer and the substrate, as well as the layer thickness, are restored by processing the reflectance and transmittance spectra of the structure measured for s- and p-polarized waves at two angles of incidence of the light on the structure. The found parameters of the structure are used in computational experiments to estimate the applicability limits of the formulated approximations.

The characteristic for most solid tumors cells is the intracellular alkalinization and acidification of the extracellular milieu and this pH gradient inversion (pHe < pHi) is associated with tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, aggressiveness, and treatment resistance. However is there tumor pH (pHi and/or pHe) changes affect on venous blood plasma pH? Purpose of the study. The venous blood acid-base balance before and after the combined treatment, correlation of the venous blood pH indicators (pHb), relationship neoplasm and blood pH in patients with laryngeal cancer was study. Material and methods. Studies were performed in patients with laryngeal cancer categories T2–3 N0 M0 before and after the combined treatment. The patients were divided into four groups: Group 1 – 25 patients before the start of treatment; Group 2 – 21 patients (from Group 1) after completion of the combined treatment; Group 3 – 14 patients from Group 2 with positive results of treatment and Group 4 – 7 patients from Group 2 with a negative result of treatment (recurrence and/or metastasis of the neoplasm). The control group consisted of 15 practically healthy people (Group C). Examination of venous blood acid-base balance of patients, tumor pH and tumor cells pHi and pHe was carried. Results and discussion. The increase in pCO2 and HCO – concentration will result in decrease in the pH, but if these indicators have a clear correlation in the control group, then in patients groups there was a correlation for pHb & pCO2 and pO2 only. Besides, we marked increase in pCO2, HCO –, K+, while pO decreased in pHb after the combined treatment. It is necessary to point out the differences between some benchmarks and indicators of acid-base balance in the plasma of venous blood in primary patients and patients with recurrent laryngeal cancer. So, if pHb, pO2, and Cl– patients have statistically significant differences from control data, then differences with control pCO2 values are characteristic only for patients of Groups 1 and 3. On the pHb, pO , HCO – і mOsm. contrary, differences in the HCO – indices are characteristic only for patients of Group 4. There are statistically significant differences from the control indicators K+, Na+, Ca2+, Glu, Lac, mOsm in patients of the first group and Cl– and Lac of patients in the third group. Among the indicators in the third and fourth groups of patients, statistically significant differences were noted in the values of pHb, HCO – and Glu. In patients of groups 1 and 4, the determination of pHt and the calculation of pHi, pHe revealed decrease in pHt and pHe with increasing pHi in patients with recurrence of the neoplasm. The final stage of the study was to determine the relationship (and not correlation) of blood pH and laryngeal tumors and the relationship was noted in the «pHb-tumor» system in primary patients, but in patients in 3 and 4 Groups, that «pHb-tumor» connection is rather contradictory. Conclusion. Acid-base balance indicators obviously cannot be considered as unconditional markers of carcinogenesis, but their monitoring and, in particular, venous blood pH, of patients after special treatment, can help determine the risk group of patients who may develop of a malignant neoplasm recurrence.

Th e article discusses issues related to the possible consequences of making managerial decisions, in which responsibility for certain actions of the executive body extends to employees of fi nancial and accounting services that carry out accounting support for such actions. The article reveals a confl ict of interest associated with management decisions on bonuses or with an increase in wages in the period preceding bankruptcy.

Background: Marijuana blunts, which are tobacco cigar wrappers filled with marijuana, are commonly smoked in the US as a means of cannabis use. The use of marijuana blunts presents toxicity concerns because the smoke contains both marijuana-related and tobacco-related chemicals. Thus, it is important to understand the chemical composition of mainstream smoke (MSS) from marijuana blunts. This study demonstrates the ability to detect and identify chemical constituents exclusively associated with blunt MSS in contrast to tobacco cigar MSS (designated as ‘new exposures’) through non-targeted chemical analysis. Methods: Samples collected separately from blunt MSS and tobacco cigar MSS were analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). Results and Discussion: Two new exposures, which likely represent only a subset of all new exposures, were identified by evaluating the data from thousands of detected signals and then confirming selected compound identities in analyses using authentic chemical standards. The two confirmed new exposures, mellein and 2-phenyl-2-oxazoline, are not cannabinoids and, to the best of our knowledge, have not been previously reported in association with cannabis, tobacco, or smoke of any kind. In addition, we detected and quantified three phenols (2-, 3-, and 4-ethylphenol) in blunt MSS. Given the toxicity of phenols, quantifying the levels of other phenols could be pursued in future research on blunt MSS. Conclusion: This study shows the power and utility of GC × GC-TOFMS as a methodology for non-targeted chemical analysis to identify new chemical exposures in blunt MSS and to provide data to guide further investigations of blunt MSS.

The article describes an approach to the implementation of a software package for determining the probability of a collision of a mobile robot with obstacles. This approach is based on a neural network model with attention. Key feature is the method of the training dataset generation: the labeling of obstacles and the values of the probability of collision with them is performed not in manual mode, but using a deterministic algorithm that uses the result of semantic segmentation using another pre-trained neural network. This method allows to use a poorly detailed description of the external environment for training convolutional neural networks with attention on the example of recognizing obstacles when a mobile robot moves in simulation mode. At the same time, low detail allows to reduce the time-consuming process of manual data labeling due to automatically generated sampling in the NVIDIA Isaac environment, and the attention mechanism allows to increase the interpretability of the analysis results.

The development of the energy industry, as one of the main directions of the country’s economy is largely determined by the education level. Graduates of technical colleges must have a deep knowledge base. They need to be professionally mobile, have new information technologies in the energy field. It is proposed to use the automated information system for educational training in the energy field comprehensive development of professional competences, individual educational trajectory and formation of skills of self-management of independent educational activity of students.

The article discusses the main problems of training specialists in the IT field, in particular programmers. Problems arising in the process of teaching programming do not allow to implement the learning process and its modernization. The proposed solution is a software package that, firstly, solves existing problems in the educational process, and secondly, has unique capabilities regarding alternative solutions. Briefly describes the dynamic testing module, which is one of the key in the software package. Since the modern approach to the education of IT specialists involves the intensification of the educational process, the introduction of modern pedagogical tools is required, which will improve the quality of the educational process and, as a result, meet the required educational competencies in the field of information technologies.

The article summarizes many years of experience in implementing medical information systems (MIS) in medical organizations. The article analyzes the transformation of the medical community’s ideas about the process of implementing MIS and its effectiveness for the period from 1994 to 2020. The features of the introduction of MIS in large medical and preventive associations are considered. There is a need to reorganize the business processes of a medical organization, including clinical processes.

Approaches to ensuring the safety of patient treatment in a medical organization are considered on the example of surgical treatment. The proposed case is implemented on the basis of the JCI IPSG4 “Ensure Safe Surgery” standards and includes the implementation of preoperative verification and timeout by means of MIS. The interface is considered as a chain of interconnected checklists, which was named “Green wave of patient safety during surgical treatment”.

BACKGROUND: One of the consequences of obesity for the female body is a decrease in fertility. It is shown that impaired reproductive function in obese patients can be associated, in particular, with a decrease in ovarian reserve. AIMS: To evaluate the ovarian reserve function in female patients of reproductive age with different classes of obesity in comparison with women without obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study evaluated 320 caucasian women, age 20-30 years, without obesity (BMI30, n=80) and with obesity WHO class I-III (n=80 per class). Anthropometrics, serum concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), inhibin B, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were compared on the 2-3 day of menstrual cycle as ovarian volume and antral follicle count (AFC). RESULTS: We reveal statistically significant difference in following parameters in normal BMI women in comparison with obesity women: AMH, testosterone, ovarian volume and AFC. Moreover, we reveal significant difference between patients with different WHO class of obesity. But even in class III obesity parameters remained within reference ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian reserve function parameters progressively decrease with increase of obesity class in subjects, but ovarian reserve parameters were in normal reference range even in class III obese patients. Further large randomized multicenter studies are required to find influence of obesity in relation to ethnicity and other factors to ovarian reserve function.

This study proposes models that solve the pattern recognition problem on the example of x-ray images of bone fractures. These models are based on neural network programming. The training efficiency for these models exceeds the teacher network performance by almost 5 times with insignificant network training quality reduction. Using the proposed technique, the neural network was trained in several ways, including the conventional method. Additionally, the network's binary classification was changed. The deviations of the obtained network values from the predicted responses are minimal, which has formed the base for the introduced concept of the model's indecisiveness and uncertainty. Furthermore, various experiments with the network were made to test these models, which lead to the idea of using data classification for neural network training.

An implementation of carbon nanotube films in optoelectronic devices is still a challenging task which requires further improvement of their both optical and electrical properties. Here, we report an approach to enhance the transmittance of single-walled carbon nanotube films placed onto polymeric substrates without losses in the film conductivity by a low-power laser treatment. Laser pulses facilitate oxidation of nanotube caps thereby exposing iron catalytic particles due to fast local heating which leads to the oxidation of iron whereas the nanotube structure generally remains intact. Thus, we approached transmittance enhancement mainly across the visible range up to 4% (at 550 nm) associated with equivalent sheet resistance improvement of ca. 21%.

In the 21st century, when medicine seemed to be steadily progressing and developing, studying and applying new methods of diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases in order to prevent the occurrence of epidemics, a new infectious agent (virus) of the respiratory system appears, which has the ability of emergence, causes a rather high mortality rate among the population and triggers experts' concern about the unpredictability of the evolution of the virus. This article provides a brief analysis of the literature on coronaviruses and the diseases they can cause in humans, in particular the clinical features in childhood.

We report the results of investigations aimed at raising the peak output power of a THL-100 visible-range hybrid femtosecond laser system based on a XeF(C − A) photodissociation amplifier. The increase in power was achieved due to the shortening of the pulse duration at the system output by broadening the spectral profile of the second harmonic from 5.3 to 8 nm, which takes place in the transformation of a negatively chirped pulse of the fundamental frequency radiation in a nonlinear KDP crystal. After the KDP the radiation pulse was stretched to 1.8 ps in a prism stretcher and amplified in the XeF(C − A) amplifier. The energy obtained at the amplifier output was 1.2 J. After compression of the amplified output pulse, its duration was equal to 29.4 fs, which means that a peak output power of 40 TW was reached at the output of the laser system.

Present literature review provides information about clinical trials that evaluated the association of the carriage of antithyroid antibodies (ATA) and the reduction of the ovarian reserve, as well as the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies. The ambiguity and sometimes the opposite of the conclusions of different authors, makes it possible to recommend a balanced attitude to the advisability of screening for ATA in women with a reproductive dysfunction as well as the therapeutic measures proposed in some guidelines based on the results of such examination.

While the conductance of a first-order memristor is defined entirely by the external stimuli, in the second-order memristor it is governed by the both the external stimuli and its instant internal state. As a result, the dynamics of such devices allows to naturally emulate the temporal behavior of biological synapses, which encodes the spike timing information in synaptic weights. Here, we demonstrate a new type of second-order memristor functionality in the ferroelectric HfO2-based tunnel junction on silicon. The continuous change of conductance in the p+-Si/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN tunnel junction is achieved via the gradual switching of polarization in ferroelectric domains of polycrystalline Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 layer, whereas the combined dynamics of the built-in electric field and charge trapping/detrapping at the defect states at the bottom Si interface defines the temporal behavior of the memristor device, similar to synapses in biological systems. The implemented ferroelectric second-order memristor exhibits various synaptic functionalities, such as paired-pulse potentiation/depression and spike-rate-dependent plasticity, and can serve as a building block for the development of neuromorphic computing architectures.

The state of normal human life, which is characterized by the general notion of «Health», includes a combination of indicators of physical, mental and social well-being, and, in turn, is determined by a whole set of factors. Among them, along with medical and biological, undoubtedly important role is played by environmental factors. The region of Eastern Ukraine, firstly — Donetsk and Lugansk regions, in this regard can't be recognized as prosperous. A significant degree of anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment of this industrially developed region, which was formed over decades, has increased considerably during the military actions of recent years [1, 2]. Accordingly, the need to restore constitutional order and ensure worth living conditions for Ukrainian citizens includes, along with political, economic and social vectors, the task of optimizing natural ecological systems. It should be noted that the consequences of the impact of military actions on the natural environment in conflict zones, with all its specificity, have a number of similar features, for example, with man-made transformations that are noted in mining regions [3, 4]. These are, first of all, local and large-scale transformations of the landscape, disturbance of soil cover, partial or complete destruction of plant communities, impoverishment of fauna, and, as a result, the destabilization of ecosystems due to the violation of ecological relations that ensure their structural and functional organization and natural mechanisms of their self-regulation [5, 6]. In this context, the very urgent and demanded for the conflict zone is the implementation of various environmental technologies tested for solving similar problems in anthropogenically transformed territories. In particular, the scientific and practical developments of the Institute for Nature Management Problems and Ecology of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (INMPE of NAS of Ukraine, Dnipro) [7–10] have a considerable interest in the following main areas. Key Words: Ecological destabilization, Ecological rehabilitation, Post-war territories, Environmental technologies, Ecological management, Landscape, Ecosystems.

The most significant areas of scientific and practical research in urgent pancreatology of the last decade are the study of the course of necrotic pancreatitis with the evaluation of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy at different stages of the disease according to microbiological studies, nosocomial infection and the development of sepsis. Purposw of the study. To study the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy in complex treatment of infected forms of necrotizing pancreatitis, depending on the species composition of the infection, the severity of the pathology and the development of sepsis. Materials and methods. The study included 48 patients with infected forms of necrotic pancreatitis over the past two years undergoing treatment at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of Zaporizhzhia 3rd City Clinical Hospital in 2017–2018. Results. Research of the species composition of microorganisms showed that there is predominant gram-negative flora in pancreatogenic infection such as: Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 26,3%, Acinetobacter spp. – 21,1%, the Enterobacteriaceae family: Klebsiella pneumoniae – 10,5% and Escherichia coli – 15,8%. The detected spectrum of microorganisms gives an idea of the main pathogens characteristic of infected forms of necrotizing pancreatitis. Antibiotic sensibility analysis showed that high activity against pathogens was observed in meropenem, taygecycline and tobramycin. In 21% of patients, resistant strains of Ps. Aeruginosa were detected, but in 3 patients there was a positive dynamics in the use of detoxication therapy with inclusion of extracorporal methods (discrete plasmapheresis) in combination with two-component antibiotic therapy (meropenem + linezolid). Conclusion. The analysis of treatment of patients with infected necrotizing pancreatitis and its complication sonthebasis of continuous monitoring of bacterial flora with the provision of adequate antibiotic therapy, prevention of nosocominal infectionand a modern strategy for the use of surgical interventions, especiallynoninvasive, contributes to the reduction of sepsis and, as a result, reduction in mortality and severe postoperative complications.