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In this article there are described urgent problems of diagnostics and treatment of xerostomia and established positions in interpretation of the term “xerostomia” and their fundamental provisions are considered. Also there is presented a survey of the different kinds of xerostomia, including discovered. The presence of existing clinical and practical problems and the absence of common exposition of xerostomia create some premises of the further explorations and development of this thematic area.

The aim of our study was to study the microbial flora of autodentin of removed wisdom teeth and compare it with the microbial flora of the oral cavity in order to determineits safe use as graft for thereplacement of defects of the alveolar bone. Relevance. The dental dentin is close in organic and mineral composition to human bone tissue. A bone autograft is considered the “gold standard” for ridge augmentation. However, a bone autograft graft increases the morbidity of reconstructive operations, requiring the formation of a donor zone, which increases the feeling of discomfort and the patient’s rehabilitation time. Increases the risk of intra- and postoperative complications. Materials and methods. A group of patients with wisdom teeth to be removed had smears taken from the mucous membrane in the area of the extracted teeth. After that, the teeth were removed, crushed using a bone mill manually, or reduced to thin plates, placed in nutrient media and sent for microbiological examination. Conclusions. According to the microbiological study, the microflora of the oral cavity and the microbial flora of the extracted teeth were identical, only quantitative indicators differed.

The article presents the results of the analysis of the success of treatment and survival of dental implants in the treatment of patients with bone deficiency in the framework of multi-stage and single-stage approaches for bone grafting operations using standard-sized dental implants and in the framework of the approach using narrow/short dental implants without bone augmentation surgery. Based on the results obtained, the degree of expediency (p0.05) of choosing an approach to treatment can be selected depending on the type, location of the defect and the number of missing teeth.

An assessment and correlation analysis was performed between the main indicators when using the drug etoricoxib for the removal of third molars.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic chemotherapy regimens and the dynamics of the nature of microbial associations of the operating area at the surgical stages of treatment of patients using dental implants in conditions of limited bone tissue. The study involved 37 patients (17 m and 20 w, from 32 to 68 years). According to the tactics of the treatment and the type of antibacterial effect, the patients were divided into 3 groups. Per os was prescribed antibiotics as a step therapy: amoxicillin (flemoxin 500 mg 1 tablet 2 per day for 7 days) and amoxicillin / clavulanate (flemoclav 625 mg 1 table 2 per day 7 days), doxycycline (unidox 100 mg 1 table 1 per day 5 days). The 1st group of patients (n1=12; 31.9%) — a multi-stage approach (MA), where the 1st operation is bone grafting (BG) (Flemoxin 500 mg), after 6—9 months, the 2nd dental implantation (DI) (flemoklav 625 mg), after 3—6 months the 3rd — installation of gingival formers (GF) (unidox 100 mg). The 2nd group of patients (n2=14; 36.2%) — a one-stage approach (OA), where the 1st operation is BG with simultaneous DI (flemoxin 500 mg), after 6—9 months — the 2nd — installation of GF (flemoklav 625 mg). 3rd group — narrow/short implants (N/S) without BG were installed (n3=11; 31.9%). The 1st operation — DI (Flemoxin 500 mg), the 2nd — installation of GF (Flemoklav 625 mg). A bacteriological study with the identification of pure cultures of bacteria and determination of sensitivity to antibacterial drugs was performed for all patients before treatment and in dynamics. In MA, there was a suppression of the growth of certain types of bacteria and an increase in the number of species resistant to this antibiotic. In the framework of the OA, when prescribing antibiotics, the results were comparable. With N/S implants, growth inhibition of a number of species present at the beginning of treatment was noted. In multi-stage operations, we consider it reasonable to use beta-lactamase-protected drugs, or drugs of another group that include representatives of parodontopathogenic species and potential carriers of multiple resistance genes in their spectrum of action.

The article presents the analysis of possible options of dental implant surgical treatment of partially edentulous patients with insufficient alveolar bone volume in the period from 2008 to 2017 (n=1004). Highlighted are three main options for surgical treatment: a staged approach, including alveolar ridge augmentation, subsequent dental implantation (n=562); dental implantation with simultaneous alveolar ridge augmentation (n=362); using of 'narrow/short' dental implants (n=80). The data on the frequency of intra - and postoperative complications before prosthetics are given. Over the past period, there has been a declining tendency in the number of staged procedures with an increase in the number of simultaneous operations installations of 'narrow/short' implants.В статье представлены результаты анализа возможных вариантов хирургического этапа реабилитации пациентов с частичным вторичным отсутствием зубов в условиях дефицита костной ткани альвеолярного отростка/части челюсти в период с 2008 по 2017 г. (n=1004). Выделены три основных варианта хирургической реабилитации: поэтапный подход, включающий проведение костно-реконструктивной операции, последующее проведение дентальной имплантации (n=562); дентальная имплантация с одномоментным проведением костно-реконструктивной операции (n=362); установка 'узких/коротких' дентальных имплантатов (n=80). Приведены данные по частоте встречаемости интра- и послеоперационных осложнений до этапа протезирования. За прошедший период отмечена тенденция к сокращению количества операций по поэтапному подходу, с увеличением количества одномоментно проводимых операций и операций по установке 'узких/коротких' имплантатов.

Was to investigate the efficiency of decoding teleradiological studies using an algorithm based on the use of convolutional neural networks - a simple convolutional architecture, as well as an extended U-Net architecture.For the experiment, a dataset was prepared by three orthodontists with over 10 years of clinical experience. Each of the orthodontists processed 100 X-ray images of the lateral projection of the head according to 27 parameters, 2700 measurements were made. The coordinates of the control points found by orthodontists in the images were compared with each other and a conclusion was made about the consistency of experts in the data obtained.The results of convolutional neural network CNN were not satisfactory in 17 (62.96%) features, satisfactory in 10 (37.04%). The assessment of orthodontists resulted in non-satisfactory evaluation in 6 (22.22%), satisfactory in 8 (29.63%), good in 8 (29.63%), and excellent in 5 (18.52%) coordinates. Neural networks with U-Net architecture showed satisfactory results in 9 (33.3%) cases, good in 16 (59.3%) and excellent in 2 (7.4%) cases, with no non-satisfactory results.The neural network of the U-Net architecture is more effective than a simple fully convolutional neural network and its results of determining anatomical reference points on two-dimensional images of the head are relatively comparable with the data obtained by medical specialists.Оценка эффективности расшифровки телерентгенологических исследований с использованием алгоритма, основанного на применении сверточных нейронных сетей — простой сверточной архитектуры, а также расширенной архитектуры U-Net.Для проведения эксперимента подготовлен набор данных тремя врачами-ортодонтами с опытом клинической работы более 10 лет. Каждым из врачей было обработано по 100 рентгенологических снимков боковой проекции головы по 27 параметрам, произведено 2700 измерений. Координаты опорных точек, найденные специалистами на снимках, сравнивались между собой.Результаты работы простой полностью сверточной нейронной сети были признаны неудовлетворительными по 17 (62,96%) параметрам, удовлетворительными — по 10 (37,04%). Работа врачей-специалистов оценена как неудовлетворительная в 6 (22,22%) координатах, удовлетворительная — в 8 (29,63%), хорошая — в 8 (29,63%), отличная — в 5 (18,52%). Нейронная сеть с архитектурой U-Net в 9 (33,3%) случаях дала удовлетворительные результаты, в 16 (59,3%) — хорошие, в 2 (7,4%) — отличные, при этом неудовлетворительных получено не было.Нейронная сеть архитектуры U-Net эффективнее простой полностью сверточной нейронной сети и ее результаты определения анатомических ориентиров на двухмерных изображениях головы относительно сопоставимы с данными, полученными врачами-специалистами.

The article presents clinical case of a patient with partial secondary absence of teeth and maxillary defect because of vertical alveolar bone atrophy. Vertical alveolar ridge augmentation by osseous flap rotation and xenogenous bone block with 10% collagen was performed. Eight months later 4 dental implants with modified surface were placed in the augmentation area. After 3 months 3 implants showed no signs of osteointegration and were removed. Three week later the patient was admitted to ENT department because of maxillary sinusitis symptoms.В статье представлен анализ клинического случая лечения пациентки с частичным вторичным отсутствием зубов и деформацией верхней челюсти вследствие вертикальной атрофии костной ткани альвеолярного отростка. Пациентке была выполнена операция по увеличению объема костной ткани методом ротации костного лоскута с применением ксеногенного костного блока с 10% содержанием коллагена. Через 8 мес в области аугментации было установлено 4 дентальных имплантата с модифицированной поверхностью. Через 6 месяцев на этапе установки формирователей десны у 3 имплантатов отсутствовала остеоинтеграция. Имплантаты были удалены. Через 3 нед у пациентки возникла клиника гайморита, лечение было продолжено в условиях стационара.