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The potential protective effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on some kidney diseases have been reported. However, the effect of the fetal kidney–derived (FKD)MSCs on doxorubicin-induced nephropathy has not been studied yet. This study aimed to treat rats with doxorubicin-induced kidney injuries by transplantation of –FKD-MSCs. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as control, doxorubicin nephropathy (Sham), and doxorubicin + MSC treated group. Serum biochemistry analysis was performed at the beginning and the end of the study. Functional changes in kidneys were evaluated by scintigraphy. In the doxorubicin nephropathy group, histopathological findings such as mesangial cell proliferation, tubular cast, and glomerular hypertrophy were observed, whereas in the MSC group these findings were significantly reduced. CD133 and CD24 positive immunoreactions were the most severe and frequently observed in the MSC group. While positive staining was detected in the tubular epithelium, there was no immunostaining observed in the glomerulus. The results showed that both functional and histological improvements were achieved in the MSC group compared to the Sham group. In conclusion, transplantation of fetal kidney - derived MSCs into patients with renal damage is thought to contribute to the healing of the renal tissue., Mezenkimal kök hücrelerin (MKH) bazı böbrek hastalıklarındaki potansiyel koruyucu etkileri bildirilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, fetal böbrek kaynaklı MKH'ların doksorubisin ile indüklenmiş nefropati üzerindeki etkisi henüz araştırılmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, doksorubisin kaynaklı böbrek hasarı olan ratlara fetal böbrek kaynaklı MKH'ların transplantasyonu yapılarak tedavi edilmesidir. Çalışmada yirmi dört adet Sprague – Dawley ırkı rat üç gruba ayrılmıştır. Bunlar: kontrol grubu, doksorubisin nefropatisi (Sham) grubu ve doksorubisin + MKH ile tedavi edilen gruptur. Çalışmanın başında ve sonunda ratlardan kan alınarak serum biyokimya çalışılmıştır. Böbreklerdeki fonksiyonel değişiklikler sintigrafi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Doksorubisin nefropatisi grubunda mezanjiyal hücre proliferasyonu, tübüler alçı ve glomerüler hipertrofi gibi histopatolojik bulgular gözlenirken, MKH grubunda bu bulgular anlamlı olarak azalmıştır. CD133 ve CD24 pozitif immünreaksiyonlar, en şiddetli ve en sık olarak MKH grubunda gözlenmiştir. Tübüler epitelde pozitif boyanma tespit edilirken glomerulusta immün boyanma gözlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar, Sham grubuna kıyasla MKH grubunda hem fonksiyonel hem de histolojik iyileşmelerin sağlandığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak, böbrek hasarı olan hastalara fetal böbrek kaynaklı MKH transplantasyonunun böbrek dokusunun iyileşmesine katkıda bulunduğu düşünülmektedir.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic. This was a prospective, case-control study conducted in Izmir, Turkey. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between COVID-19 and new-onset T1DM. We included pediatric patients (aged 6 mo–18 yr) with new-onset type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic, between April 2020 and January 2021. Polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnose COVID-19 after hospital admission. An enzyme-linked immunoassay for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 was performed after the diagnosis was confirmed. In the control group, the blood antibody test was conducted as close as possible to the time of the T1DM patient referral. A total of 118 participants were included in the study, comprising 57 (48%) patients with new-onset T1DM and 61 (52%) healthy controls. Of the 57 patients, 36 (63.2%) presented with DKA, 17 (29.7%) with diabetic ketosis, and four (7%) incidentally. The SARS-CoV-2 antibody test was positive in five (8.7%) patients with T1DM and six (10%) controls. The rate of positivity did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.901). It was not possible to demonstrate a clear association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and new-onset T1DM. Whether SARS-CoV-2 increases susceptibility to diabetes by triggering islet cell autoimmunity and affects the timing of overt diabetes in patients with existing autoimmunity should be studied in large cohorts.

Nanotechnology has enabled many interesting novel applications in all scientific and technological fields. Biomedicine is one of these fields, which has exploited nanotechnological advancements extensively in wound dressings, transdermal patches and tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to achieve desired functionalities, one or more therapeutic agents are generally embedded in the related structures. Hormones could also be used as therapeutic agents for different health purposes since they are known to be crucial for maintaining daily functions of the human body. For these facts, hormones and hormone-balancing agents have been given a special emphasis in biomedical applications both for maintaining health and well-being in youth and senescence and for treating diseases and wounds stemming from surgery and/or injury. It is also striking that hormonal therapies have gradually shifted from oral to topical route of administration, in which nanofibers have gained a special importance. Despite the increased attention in this field, there is no review present in literature regarding nanofibrous structures for the purpose of hormonal therapies. To fulfill this gap, this review article is devoted to summarizing the developments in nanofibrous structures for health and well-being applications and to addressing associated potential opportunities in wound dressings, transdermal patches, and tissue scaffolds.

Amaç: Tromboelastogram parametrelerindeki değişiklerin standart olarak önerilen AntiFXa aktivitesi ile karşılaştırılarak bu testin enoksaparin tedavisinin monitörizasyonundaki rolünün incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: ST segment yükselmesi olmayan miyokard infarktüsü tanısıyla koroner yoğun bakım ünitesine yatırılan 25 hasta çalışmaya alınmıştır. Hastalara yatış anında iki tüp kan alınmış ve 1mg/kg enoksapirinin üçüncü dozu yapıldıktan 4 saat sonra iki tüp kan daha alınmıştır. Hastalara AntiFXa, tromboelastogram, aktive koagülasyon zamanı bakılmıştır. Bulgular: Enoksoparin uygulaması sonrası aktive koagülasyon zamanı değerinde bir miktar artış izlenmekle birlikte bunun anlamlı olmadığı görüldü (p₌0.094). Enoksoparin sonrası tromboelastogram parametrelerinden maksimum amplitüde(MA) azalmış (MA bazal 65.4±11.9 sonra 63.4±7.8), R zamanı artmış (5±1.7 den 8.4±4.6,), K zamanı artmış (1.89±1.06 dan 2.56±1.4), açı azalmıştır. (66.34±5.6 dan 57.9±11.4). AntiFXa artmıştır (0.122±0.06 dan 0.501±0.359). Sonuç: Tromboelastogram parametreleri değerlendirildiğinde tipik artmış bir prokoagülan aktivite olmamakla birlikte kısmen artmış bir fibrinolitik aktivite saptanmıştır.

Aim:Due to restrictions during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, smartphone, tablet and computer (STC) overuse might occur. There were some concerns that light sources which emit blue light might affect anterior and posterior segment structures. We investigated the effects of STC overuse on children’s eyes during the pandemic.Materials and Methods:Sixty-four children’s findings at baseline (the early period of the pandemic) (group 1) were compared with those after 1 year (group 2). Correlations between daily STC use time (DSTCUT) and the ocular parameters in group 2 were evaluated.Results:Compared to group 1, group 2 had longer DSTCUT (1.49±0.33 vs 5.62±0.57 hours, p0.05). In group 2 as DSTCUT increased, TBUT (r=-0.368, p=0.034) decreased, OSDI score (r=0.384, p=0.028) increased and more myopic SER (r=0.340, p=0.045) occurred.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first study in children to comprehensively investigate the effects of STC overuse during a pandemic on ocular surface, anterior and posterior segment structures together. We found that STC overuse during the pandemic might increase the tendency to dry-eye and myopia, and might cause axial elongation. We also determined that at 1-year follow-up, STC overuse had no effect on CCT, keratometry, ACD, LT, and posterior segment parameters.

Aim: Our aim was investigate the effect of polychlorobifenyls (PCBs) and other factors on puberty precocious (PP) in girls were diagnosed with idiopatic PP and premature thelarche (PT). Materials and Methods: The study group included 50 girls aged between 2-8 years old with PP and PT. The control group included 50 healthy girls with same age range and no puberty findings. Data was collected in terms of breast and pubic hair stages, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), standard deviation scores (SDSs), location of residence, gestational age and maternal age at menarche (AAM). Twenty-one PCB levels were evaluated in serum and urine. One-Way ANOVA test was used for comparison between the groups. For subgroup analysis, Mann-Whitney U test, multiple regression analysis were used. Results: The mean age of the study and control groups were 6.70 +/- 1.20 and 5.23 +/- 1.25 years, respectively. The studied PCBs were not detectable found in either the study or the control groups. The BMI SDSs of the patients in study and healthy groups were 0.49 +/- 1.09 and-0.12 +/- 1.28, respectively (p=0.1). Weight SDSs in the study group were found to be significantly higher than healthy group (0.72 +/- 1.35 vs-0.20 +/- 1.47, p=0.008 Maternal AAM of the patients in study group was significantly lower (p=0.006). In study group 98% of the patients were living in down town and district, whereas this ratio was 92% in control group (p=0.024). In study group 29 patients (58%) were diagnosed with PT. Basal follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol levels, bone age and uterine longest axis dimensions results were significantly different. Conclusion: We found that studied PCBs don't influence on PP in girls aged between 2-8 years old. However, weight SDS, maternal AAM, location of residence of the patients had a significant role on PP in this patient population.

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is characterized by impaired visual function due to acute damage to the optic nerve injury related to the trauma. The predictive incidence of TON in children and adolescence is 0.7-2.5% after blunt or penetrating head injuries. Orbital trauma is often accompanied by head injury and is the most common cause of unilateral vision loss. Here, we present a case of 11-year-old child who had the complaint of vision loss in the right eye and developed TON after a motor vehicle accident. The intubated patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after trauma and was operated due to epidural hemorrhage. Visual loss was detected during follow-up and orbital computed tomography revealed multiple fractures in the orbital walls and magnetic resonance imaging showed effusion of the optic nerve sheath and contrast enhancement of the optic nerve. Clinical and imaging findings suggested TON and as there was no indication for surgery, pulse steroid treatment was given for 5 days. With this treatment, the patient's vision loss and clinical findings improved significantly.In conclusion, TON should be considered in patients with a head injury and post-traumatic vision loss. High-dose steroids should be considered in suitable patients.

The current Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced health care teams to look for alternative approaches to manage a great number of children with diabetes, not only in rural but also in urban locations. The aim was to assess the provision of information about follow-up of new-onset pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients, and to investigate the integration of telemedicine into routine clinical care in the long term. The changes in coefficient of variation (CV), standard deviation and percentages of time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR) and time above range were evaluated in eight children with new-onset T1D, diagnosed during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study period was two-months of follow-up using a telemedicine system. Median follow-up time was 51 (24-66) days. Two of the patients were using low glucose suspend system and six were on multiple daily injection therapy. Target TIR values were achieved in seven patients in the last televisit and, in line with recent guidelines, a TBR

Copper monoxide is a popular p-type material in semiconductor and sensor technology. In this paper, Al-doped CuO thin film has been deposited on a glass substrate by the thermionic vacuum arc techn...

The COVID-19 pandemic causes an increase in oral health inequalities, restriction of oral health promotion programs and preventive oral health services for the community. According to the common risk approach, oral health services should be integrated into primary health care services in order to manage oral diseases that share the same risk factors with chronic systemic diseases. Multidisciplinary studies should be focused on public health practices by adopting the “One Health” concept. In order to increase the popuation based oral health outcomes, there is a need for oral health promotion programs that take into account the cooperation between sectors, working flexibility, capacity,the ethical rules of social justice, equality and human rights within the framework of the biopsychosocial approach. Information technologies and social media networks should be used to increase the literacy of the population on “COVID-19 and Oral Health”. In this period, it is also important to carry out oral health needs assessment at population level through surveillance and public health studies. Priority should be given to programs for the protection and improvement of oral health among disadvantaged groups, children and the elderly who have difficulty in accessing oral health services due to limitation of movement and social determinants of health., COVID-19 pandemisi, ağız sağlığı eşitsizliklerinin artmasına, topluma yönelik ağız diş sağlığını geliştirme programlarının ve koruyucu ağız sağlığı hizmetlerinin kısıtlanmasına neden olmaktadır. Ortak risk yaklaşımına göre kronik sistemik hastalıklar ile aynı risk faktörlerini paylaşan ağız hastalıklarının yönetilebilmesi için ağız sağlığı hizmetlerinin birinci basamak sağlık hizmetlerine entegre edilmesi gerekmektedir. ‘Tek Sağlık’ konsepti benimsenerek halk sağlığı uygulamalarında multidisipliner çalışmalara ağırlık verilmelidir. Toplumun ağız sağlığı çıktılarını arttırmak için biyopsikososyal yaklaşım çerçevesinde sektörler arası işbirliği, çalışma esnekliği, kapasitesi, sosyal adalet, eşitlik ve insan hakları etik kuralları dikkate alınarak planlanan ağız sağlığını geliştirme programlarına ihtiyaç vardır. Toplumun “COVID-19 ve Ağız Sağlığı” konusunda okuryazarlığını arttırmak için enformasyon teknolojileri ve sosyal medya ağları kullanılmalıdır. Bu dönemde, sürveyans ve halk sağlığı çalışmaları vasıtasıyla toplumsal düzeyde ağız sağlığı ihtiyaç değerlendirilmesinin yapılması da önemlidir. Hareket kısıtlaması ve sağlığın sosyal belirteçleri nedeniyle ağız sağlığı hizmetlerine ulaşmada zorluk yaşayan dezavantajlı gruplar, çocuk ve yaşlılar için ağız sağlığının korunması ve geliştirilmesine yönelik programlara öncelik verilmelidir.

Background Administration of insulin may be associated with substantial cutaneous adverse effects, such as lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy (LH), which can cause glycemic excursions above and below the target levels for blood glucose. Our aim was to evaluate the effect on compliance with the use of insulin administration site, dermatological complications and diabetes management in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Patients aged 0-21 years who were followed up with the diagnosis of T1D for at least one year were included. A 14-question survey including demographic characteristics and a subjective opinion of skin-related complications of insulin administration was given. Data were obtained from the medical records to evaluate the effect of dermatological complications on diabetes management. This study was checked with the STROBE checklist. Results Two hundred and fifty-four patients were included and 53% of these were female. The mean age was 14.9 +/- 4.7 years and the duration of T1D was 7.3 +/- 4.1 years. The mean HbA1c level was 8 +/- 1.4% and the mean total insulin dose was 0.84 +/- 0.25 units/kg/day. More than half of the individuals (57%) were receiving multiple daily injections (MDI) and 43% were on insulin pump therapy (IPT). Of the participants, 11.8% reported LH, 7.5% wound, 21.7% allergy, 55.5% bleeding, 41.3% bruising and 47.2% pain. LH rates varied significantly by regimen, 17.1% in MDI and 4.6% with IPT (p = .001). Those with LH were using higher median doses of insulin (0.97 U/kg/day) than those who did not (0.78 U/kg/day; p = .016). LH was reported more frequently (18.3%) in patients with frequent hypoglycemia (p = .007). Positive correlation between BMI-SDS and LH in patients aged

Uyku kalitesinin degerlendirilmesi ve uyku hastaliklarinin teshisi icin oncelikle uyku evreleri tespit edilmektedir. Bunun icin vucudun cesitli bolgelerine bagli sensorlerden kaydedilen elektroensefalogram (EEG), elektrokardiyogram (ECG), elektrookulogram (EOG), elektromiyogram (EMG) gibi sinyaller kullanilmaktadir. Bireysel kullanim icin uretilen uygun fiyatli giyilebilir EEG cihazlarinin uretilmesi ile tek kanalli EEG sinyalinden uyku evreleri tespiti yapilabilmesi icin calismalar baslamistir. Bu makalede tek kanalli ham EEG sinyali kullanarak uyku evreleri tespiti yapabilen otomatik bir sistem sunulmaktadir. Bu amacla ham EEG sinyalleri ile bir Evrisimsel Sinir Agi (ESA) modeli egitilmistir. ESA kullanimi sayesinde herhangi bir ozellik cikarimi yapilmasina ihtiyac bulunmamaktadir. Gelistirilen ESA modeli 250 Hz’de orneklenmis, 30 sn’lik epoklara bolunmus uyku verisini 5 sinifli uyku evrelemesi sistemine gore siniflandirmaktadir. Degerlendirme sonuclarina gore sistemin basarimi %93 makro F1-skoru ve %92 dogruluk olarak bulunmustur.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Aspirin kullanımın amaçlarına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapmak ve hastalarda konuya ilişkin farkındalık oluşturmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Antalya Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne başvuran ve yaşamı boyunca en az bir kez Aspirin kullandığını belirten hastalar dahil edildi. Hastaların Aspirin kullanma nedenleri sorgulandı ve hastalar hekim önerisi ile ve hekim önerisi olmadan Aspirin kullananlar olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalara Aspirin kullanım durumları ve klinik özelliklerini değerlendiren sorular soruldu ve yanıtları kaydedildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan 82’si (%68,9) kadın, 37’si (%31,1) erkek 119 hastanın yaş ortalaması 54,3±1,3 yıl (19-81) olarak bulundu. Hastaların 69’u (%57,99) hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olduğunu belirtirken 50 hasta (%42,01) hekim önerisi dışında kullanım nedeni belirtti. Hekim önerisi dışında kullanımda sadece 13 (%26) hastada Aspirin kullanımının amaca uygun olduğu belirlendi. Katılımcıların 44’ü (%37) prospektüsü okuduğunu belirtti. Hekim önerisi ile Aspirin kullanımı olan grupta hastaların hekim tarafından bilgilendirilme oranı %37,7 (26 kişi) idi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımına başvuran hastalarda endikasyon dışında veya endikasyona uygun olmayan dozlarda Aspirin kullanımının oldukça yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hastalarda hekim önerisi dışında Aspirin kullanımı konusunda farkındalık oluşturmak, risklerin azaltılması yönünde olumlu bir katkı sağlayabilir.

Günümüzde dijital veriler ve operasyonlar, pek çok işletmenin merkezinde yer almaktadır. Ancak bilgisayarlı sistemlere olan bu bağımlılık, çeşitli siber tehditleri de beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu riskler, çalışanlar ve yüklenicilerden kaynaklanan içsel riskler olabileceği gibi, siber suçluların ve hatta işletmenin müşterilerinin faaliyetleri sonucu da olabilir. Giderek artan bir şekilde ortaya çıkan, siber güvenlik riskleri yalnızca bir ağ veri ihlali riskini içermez aynı zamanda, açık dijital bağlantı ve erişilebilirliğe dayanan faaliyetler yoluyla tüm işletmenin zarar görmesi riskini de ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak siber güvenlik riskiyle nasıl başa çıkılacağını öğrenmek bir kuruluş için kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada öncelikle işletmeler için siber güvenlik riskleri ortaya koyularak, bu riskleri yönetmeye ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada aktif büyüklüğüne göre ilk on bankanın siber güvenlik ve bilgi teknolojileri faaliyetlerine ilişkin faaliyet ve entegre raporlarından elde edilen veriler incelenerek siber güvenlik uygulamalarının içeriğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler bankaların 2019 ve 2020 faaliyet ve entegre raporlarından elde edilmiştir. Raporlardan elde edilen sonuçlara göre bankaların güncel mevzuat düzenlemelerine ve uluslararası standartlara uygun bir organizasyon yapılanmasına sahip oldukları, iç denetim çerçevesinde gerekli denetim faaliyetlerini gerçekleştirdikleri, bu çerçevede kapsamlı eğitim programları uyguladıkları, veri güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik altyapı yatırımlarını yaptıkları ve teknolojiyi takip ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Objective The slow spatial encoding of MRI has precluded its application to rapid physiologic motion in the past. The purpose of this study is to introduce a new fast acquisition method and to demonstrate feasibility of encoding rapid two-dimensional motion of human vocal folds with sub-millisecond resolution. Method In our previous work, we achieved high temporal resolution by applying a rapidly switched phase encoding gradient along the direction of motion. In this work, we extend phase encoding to the second image direction by using single-point imaging with rapid encoding (SPIRE) to image the two-dimensional vocal fold oscillation in the coronal view. Image data were gated using electroglottography (EGG) and motion corrected. An iterative reconstruction with a total variation (TV) constraint was used and the sequence was also simulated using a motion phantom. Results Dynamic images of the vocal folds during phonation at pitches of 150 and 165 Hz were acquired in two volunteers and the periodic motion of the vocal folds at a temporal resolution of about 600 µs was shown. The simulations emphasize the necessity of SPIRE for two-dimensional motion encoding. Discussion SPIRE is a new MRI method to image rapidly oscillating structures and for the first time provides dynamic images of the vocal folds oscillations in the coronal plane.

Objective: Adolescence is a critical period for the maturation of neurobiological processes that underlie higher cognitive functions and social and emotional behaviour. However, there are limited studies that investigated brain volumes in healthy adolescents and young persons. The aim of this study was to compare the Grey Matter (GM), White Matter (WM) and some specific brain subcortical volumes such as hippocampus and amygdala between healthy adolescents and young groups by using VolBrain. Material and Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans were retrospectively obtained from 20 healthy adolescent and young subjects. The mean ages of the adolescent and young persons were 13±1 and 24±2, respectively. Brain parenchyma (BP), GM, WM and asymmetry features were calculated using VolBrain, and the GM and WM volumes of each subjects were compared with those of the both groups. The current study to examine whether regional gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), some brain subcortical structures volumes differed between healthy adolescent and young groups. Also, of the whole brain, hemispheres, and hippocampus, amigdala of adolescent and young subject volumes were measured with an automated method. Results: We have observed that the young group was found to have a 4 % less in volume of GM, when compared with adolescent groups. Conclusion: Our data indicate that quantitative structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data of the adolescent brain is important in understanding the age-related human morphological changes.

Background and study aims Wilson’s disease (WD) is a complex disorder related to copper metabolism and neurological involvement may lead to swallowing disorders . The purpose of this study was to evaluate swallowing function in pediatric patients with WD by using videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS). Patients and methods A total of 21 patients were included in the study, prospectively. The VFSS was conducted to evaluate swallowing function of the patients. The penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) was used to assess penetration-aspiration severity. Results According to the VFSS, abnormal results were detected in nine patients (42.9%) with WD. Of these nine patients, oral phase dysfunction was present in one patient, laryngeal penetration was present in one patient and moreover, abnormal esophageal body function was detected in all nine patients. Of these nine patients, five had neurological presentation at the time of diagnosis, and remaining four patients had hepatic presentation. Mean PAS score of the patients was 1. Conclusion The current study results suggest that subclinical swallowing dysfunction may be observed in patients with either neurological or hepatic WD. Further studies are necessary to reveal the real incidence of esophageal phase problems of swallowing function in pediatric patients with WD.

Objective: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow limitation and exacerbations causing severe mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to examine the various clinical characteristics and attack markers of patients who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of COPD exacerbation and followed up in the ward by a physiotherapist.Method: 91 patients were included in the study, which was planned retrospectively. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, Modified Medical Research Board Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), and COPD Combined Assessment Score (GOLD) values were obtained from the physiotherapy registry files.Results: 73 of total 91 patients were male (80.2%) and 18 (19.8%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 72.49±10.10 years. The mean smoking level of the patients was 46.34±39.00 cigarette packs/year. According to GOLD, 34 were group B patients and 57 were group D patients. The mean CAT score was 23.05±8.22 and the mean mMRC score was 2.93±1.01. When the CAT and mMRC scores of the patients in Group B and D were analyzed, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups (p0.05). When the relationship between the CAT and mMRC scores of the patients was analyzed, a statistically significant positive moderate correlation was found (p

Aim: Glycemic variability can be affected in diabetes camps as a result of sports, social activities and nutrition. Close glucose monitoring is necessary to reduce glycemic variability, especially hypoglycemia. The aim assessment of glycemic variability and time in range by use of the flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three children and adolescents between 10-18 years of age who participated in the 2018 diabetes camp of Ege University were included. Their glycemic variability indexes were recorded. Results: The mean age and duration of diabetes mellitus in the study group was 13.3 +/- 0.5 and 4.9 +/- 0.7 years respectively. Twelve (43%) of the participants were boys and 16 (57%) were girls. Ten (35.7%) of the participants used continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pump therapy while 18 (64.3%) used multiple dose insulin therapy. When the participants were evaluated according to time in range (TIR), the duration of TIR increased, and level 1 and level 2 hyperglycemia decreased during the camp. Participants using CSII had spent more time in level 2 hypoglycemia before camp, but during and after the camp, similar values were reached for both groups. Before the camp, participants with good metabolic control had a longer duration of hypoglycemia than those participants with poor metabolic control. During and after the camp, level 1 and level 2 hypoglycemia periods were similar between the two groups. Conclusion: In diabetes camp, healthy diet, regular exercise, and close glycemic control improve glycemic variability. By using FGMS, normoglycemia periods can be increased without increasing hypoglycemic attacks. As a result, using FGMS had a positive effect on diabetes management and the control of hypoglycemia periods during the diabetes camp.

Summary Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status, the nutritional effect on the risk of infection and the severity of the disease, and the contribution of nutrition to the course of the infection in pediatric patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease who required additional nutritional support after hospitalization. Methods The body weight, height, body mass index, upper arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness of 49 patients aged 1 month to 18 years and diagnosed with Covid-19 and then hospitalized at the Ankara City Hospital, Pediatric Health and Diseases Hospital, Pediatric Infection ward between 15 May and 15 June 2020 were measured. Total protein, albumin, prealbumin, selenium, zinc, ferritin, folate, and selenium, C, D, E, and B12 levels were studied from blood drawn simultaneously from the patients. Results A total of 49 patients aged 8–18 years were evaluated. The median age was 13 years (age range 8–18). The females made up 53% and the males 47% of the group. No patient needed intensive care admission. Only 3 patients received antibiotic treatment and the others were followed up without treatment. The weight was normal in 75% and the height was normal in 90%. Mid-arm circumference and triceps thickness were normal in 72% of the patients. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 82%, vitamin B12 deficiency in 18%, vitamin C deficiency in 17%, ferritin deficiency in 16%, folate deficiency in 15%, vitamin A deficiency in 13%, and vitamin E deficiency in 7%. Conclusion No patient required intensive care admission. Only 3 patients received antibiotic treatment and the others were followed up without treatment. Malnourishment was present in 3% of the patients while 9% were obese. Vitamin D deficiency was the most common vitamin deficiency while vitamin B12, vitamin C, Ferritin, vitamin A, vitamin E, and Folate deficiency were less common. Selenium and zinc levels were normal in all patients. There was no correlation between anthropometric values and susceptibility to childhood COVID-19 infection or the clinical course. It is possible that vitamin D deficiency increases susceptibility to the infection.

Collecting and analyzing online tourist reviews on destinations is important for sustainable tourism. These analyses can give insight into the extent to which natural and cultural assets in the destination are protected. These evaluations should be considered by the authorities as objective and realistic assessments. In this study, 4183 TripAdvisor reviews of foreign tourists visiting “Göreme National Park and Cappadocia Rocky Area”, which is listed in the World Heritage Site, were evaluated. The data set consisted of English reviews of foreign tourists visiting the region between the years of 2018 - 2020. Dictionary-based sentiment analysis, one of the text mining methods, was used in the study. According to the analysis results, the positive perceptions of the tourists about the churches, fairy chimneys, valleys and underground cities in the World Heritage Site were found to be significantly high (75%). Negative evaluations were found to be low (33%). In tourist reviews, 63% positive and 10.49% negative evaluations were made about the protection of the region. In addition, the awareness of the tourists about whether the locations they visit are World Heritage Sites was 30.6%. Tourists explained their negative opinions about the locations they visited with the words "extra_payment", "crowded", and "steep". Another finding of the study was that the area is adequately protected. There were, however, some concerns related to protection. The most striking aspects of protection concerns were those in which the words "painted" and "drawn" were used, an important indicator of visitor sensitivity to the protection of frescoes in rock churches. Since the destruction of natural and cultural assets in the region is unacceptable, recommendations are made to take the necessary measures to prevent such damage.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio and the prognosis of hypertensive COVID-19 patients. METHODS: It was designed as a single center retrospective study. PCR positive COVID-19 patients who were followed up in the intensive care unit (ICU) and received antihypertensive treatment were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as survivor and non-survivor. C-reactive protein/albumin (CAR) ratios of the patients were compared. The cut-off value was determined as a mortality predictor. The effect of CAR on mortality was evaluated using Logistic Regression analysis. RESULTS: 281 patients were included in the study. Groups consisted of 135 (non-survivor) and 146 (survivor) patients. CAR was significantly higher in the non-survivor group (p

Herein, we identified miRNA signatures that were able to differentiate malignant prostate cancer from benign prostate hyperplasia and revealed the therapeutic potential of these miRNAs against prostate cancer development. MicroRNA expressions were determined by qPCR. MTT was used for cell viability analysis and immunohistochemistry was performed for Bax/Bcl-2 staining. ELISA was used to measure MMP2/9 levels. Wound healing assay was used for the evaluation of cell migration. Notably, expression levels of miR-125b-5p, miR-145-5p and miR-221-3p were significantly reduced in prostate cancer patients as compared to BPH patients. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-125b-5p, miR-145-5p and miR-221-3p resulted in significant inhibition of cell proliferation and altered cell morphology. Also, expression level of Bax protein was increased while Bcl-2 level was reduced in cells treated with miR-125b-5p, miR-145-5p and miR-221-3p mimics. Enhanced expression of miR-125b-5p, miR-145-5p and miR-221-3p was also significantly altered the expression of caspase 3 and 8 levels. In addition, MMP9 levels were significantly reduced in cells ectopically expressing miR-221-3p. All miRNA mimics significantly interfered with the migration of prostate cancer cells. Consequently, our findings point to an important role of these three miRNAs in prostate cancer and indicate that miR-125b-5p, miR-145-5p and miR-221-3p are potential therapeutic targets against prostate cancer.

This descriptive study was conducted to identify the factors affecting problematic internet usage and the socialization level among hearing-impaired adolescents. The study has been done with one hundred twenty six (97 males and 29 females) hearing-impaired students, aged between 14 and 21. The data were collected using Turkish Sign Language, by the researcher who received Sign Language Interpretation Training. ‘The Problematic Internet Usage Scale’ and ‘Socialization Level Scale’ were used as assessment instruments. The results showed that level of the problematic internet usage and the socialization of the participants were at a moderate level with mean scores of 83.8±19.8 on the Problematic Internet Usage Scale and 31.9±8.9 on the Socialization Level Scale. As hearing-impaired adolescents are encouraged to use more internet in order to increase their socialization level, risks as; problematic internet use, keeping young people away from society, and social exclusion should be taken into consideration., Bu tanımlayıcı çalışma, işitme engelli adolesanlarda problemli internet kullanımı ve sosyalleşme düzeylerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışma, yaşları 14 ile 21 aralığında olan 126 işitme engelli öğrenci (97 erkek ve 29 kadın) ile yapılmıştır. Veriler, İşaret Dili Tercümanlığı Eğitimi almış araştırmacı tarafından Türk İşaret Dili kullanılarak toplandı. Değerlendirme araçları olarak 'Problemli İnternet Kullanımı Ölçeği' ve 'Sosyalleşme Düzeyi Ölçeği' kullanıldı. Sonuçlar, katılımcıların Problemli İnternet Kullanım Ölçeği’nde 83.8±19.8 ve Sosyalleşme Düzeyi Ölçeği’nde 31.9±8.9 puan ortalamaları ile, problemli internet kullanımının ve sosyalleşme düzeylerinin orta düzeyde olduğunu gösterdi. İşitme engelli adolesanlar sosyalleşme düzeylerini artırmak için daha fazla internet kullanımına yönlendirilirken; problemli internet kullanımı, gençlerin toplumdan uzak tutulması ve sosyal dışlanma gibi riskler göz önüne alınmalıdır.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the demographic characteristics, clinical course, treatment, and outcome data of COVID-19 patients confirmed by laboratory tests in Antalya province according to age and the presence of comorbid diseases. Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included 438 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 as confirmed by PCR tests in Antalya between March 16th and June 15th, 2020. The study continued with 311 patients after exclusion of patients under the age of 18 as well as those with incomplete data and those receiving health care at private hospitals. The patients were divided into groups according to being under 65 years of age, with or without underlying comorbidities, with or without intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical course, treatment, and outcomes. Results: The study included 311 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 as confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests. The mean age was 47.48 ± 18.08 (min: 18, max: 94) years and 252 patients (81%) were under 65, while 52 patients (19%) were 65 and over years of age. Forty-five percent of the patients were women and 55% were men. Comorbidity, namely, hypertension (p

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to evaluate familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) mutation analysis in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The relation between MEFV mutations and chronic inflammatory diseases has been reported previously. METHODS: Children with IBD (334 ulcerative colitis (UC), 224 Crohn’s disease (CD), 39 indeterminate colitis (IC)) were tested for FMF mutations in this multicenter study. The distribution of mutations according to disease type, histopathological findings, and disease activity indexes was determined. RESULTS: A total of 597 children (mean age: 10.8 ± 4.6 years, M/F: 1.05) with IBD were included in the study. In this study, 41.9% of the patients had FMF mutations. E148Q was the most common mutation in UC and CD, and M694V in IC (30.5%, 34.5%, 47.1%, respectively). There was a significant difference in terms of endoscopic and histopathological findings according to mutation types (homozygous/heterozygous) in patients with UC (P < .05). There was a statistically significant difference between colonoscopy findings in patients with or without mutations (P = .031, P = .045, respectively). The patients with UC who had mutations had lower Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) scores than the patients without mutations (P = .007). Conclusion: Although FMF mutations are unrelated to CD patients, but observed in UC patients with low PUCAI scores, it was established that mutations do not have a high impact on inflammatory response and clinical outcome of the disease.

There are significant improvements in healthcare industry. The most prominent of thesedevelopments is the fact that many health services have started to digitalize, access to theseservices has become easier by using digital channels. While health care institutions try to offertheir services through these channels, organizations that sell health-related products andpharmacies can also handle their e-commerce activities through digital channels. Especially inhospitals and clinics providing health services, fraudulent activities in this area can be among thenegative situations encountered. Here, fraud situations may arise due to hospital management,healthcare providers or patients. With the transfer of healthcare services to digital channels,contact points with patients have also diversified. While marketing activities based on theprinciple of creating value for customers are included in all service processes in healthinstitutions, it reinforces this function with different marketing channels and strategies. However,unfortunately, cases of fraud experienced in traditional channels in health services are alsoencountered in digital channels and marketing activities. This study tried to draw attention to theconcepts of fraud experienced in digital channels in healthcare services.

Adenomatoid tumours are benign neoplasms of mesothelial origin that most often occur in the epididymis in men and the uterus or fallopian tubes in women. When the stromal smooth muscle component is prominent, the term leiomyoadenomatoid tumour is recommended. To date, only 10 cases of epididymal leiomyoadenomatoid tumour have been reported. In some cases, coagulation necrosis associated with worrisome regenerative changes can occur and leads to an increase in diagnostic pitfalls such as malignant neoplastic processes. Pathologists should be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosis. Herein, we present the eleventh case of epididymal leiomyoadenomatoid tumour in a 59-year-old man.

Introduction Predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) system helps prevent hypoglycemia. Aim To evaluate the effect of PLGS therapy on GV and percentage of time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), and time above range (TAR) in pediatric type 1 diabetic patients. Method HbA(1c), coefficient of variation (CV). standard deviation (SD). and percentage of TIR, TBR, and TAR were evaluated in type 1 diabetic (T1D) pediatric patients followed up between Jan 2016 and Mar 2020 using PLGS system. Results Mean ages of diagnosis and duration of diabetes were 6.7 +/- 4.1 and 8.2 +/- 4.3 years, respectively. Nineteen of the patients were male (46.3%) and 22 were female (53.7%). Twenty-two (53.7%) of the patients were using low-glucose suspend system and 19 (46.3%) were on multiple daily injection therapy (MDI). On PLGS therapy, the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months' HbA(1c) of patients were not different from previous years' mean HbA(1c) in all participants. In the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th months of PLGS therapy, % of TIR were 65.34 +/- 14.75%, 65.80 +/- 14.67%, 66.58 +/- 11.21%, and 70.04 +/- 10.16%, respectively (p = 0.01). Although statistically insignificant, CV decreased from 36.33 to 34.30% and SD decreased from 60.14 to 58.60 in the 1-year follow-up period (p = 0.062 and p = 0.246). Conclusion With PLGS therapy, TIR was > 70% and the time spent in hypoglycemia was very low.

Objective: Pump-treated children with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) have widely differing basal insulin (BI) infusion profiles for specific periods of the day. The pattern of BI requirements depends on the timing and magnitude of cortisol and growth hormone secretion within each age group. In adolescents and young adults, a decreased insulin sensitivity is seen, particularly in the early morning (dawn phenomenon) and to a lesser extent, in the late afternoon (dusk phenomenon). Different approaches exist for the inititation of basal rates. However, there is a lack of evidence-based recommendation, especially in young children. Usually the basal rates are set equally throughout day and night or the day is divided into tertiles. The aim of this study was to analyze the change of the initial, equally distributed, BI rates over the first year of standard insulin pump therapy. Methods: A total of 154 patients with T1DM, aged between 0 and 18 years, (n=5). Distribution of hourly basal rates at the initiation of the pump and at the end of first year were evaluated. Results: Median (range) age and diabetes duration was 14.46 (1.91-26.15) and 7.89 (1.16-17.15) years, respectively. Forty-four percent were male, 56% were female. Mean total insulin dose/kg in the whole cohort at the initiation and after one year of pump therapy was 0.86 +/- 0.23 U/kg and 0.78 +/- 0.19 U/kg, respectively and differed significantly between each age group (p

To investigate effects of beta blocker (BB; timolol or betaxolol), latanoprost, and latanoprost-timolol combination (LTC) drugs on corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Sixty-one patients in BB group, 64 patients in latanoprost group, 59 patients in LTC group, and 58 healthy cases in control group were included. Intraocular pressures (IOP), ECDs, and CCTs of groups were recorded at initial (pre-treatment) period, first and third years after treatment, and comparisons were done. In groups, changes of ECDs according to time were not significant ( p > 0.05). In BB and control groups, changes of CCTs according to time were not significant ( p > 0.05). In latanoprost and LTC groups, CCTs in both first and third years were significantly thinner than initial CCTs ( p = 0.039 for latanoprost, p = 0.041 for LTC at first year; p = 0.018 for latanoprost, p = 0.032 for LTC at third year). In latanoprost and LTC groups, CCTs of patients using drugs for 1 year were similar to those of patients using drugs for 3 years ( p > 0.05). In our study, uses of BB, latanoprost or LTC did not affect ECD. BB drugs had no effect on CCT. Although latanoprost and LTC appeared to reduce CCT at 3-year follow-up from the statistical point of view, this 8–10 μm difference in CCT was not clinically significant.

To design and develop a smartphone application for a structured hand exercise programme for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Turkey and to test its usability. We followed a two-stage process: (1) Design and Development and (2) Usability testing. In stage 1, we used a qualitative user-centered design approach. We conducted a focus group (8 therapists and people with RA) to discuss the content, features and design to produce a prototype of the application. In a second focus group session, the participants tested the prototype, provided feedback and further revisions were made. In stage 2, 17 participants with RA used the app for 4 to 6 weeks. The System Usability Scale and the adapted Usability, Satisfaction and Ease to Use Questionnaires were used to measure usability, ease of use. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore user experiences with the application with 17 participants. In stage 1, the following themes were identified from the focus groups (a) login techniques (b) self-monitoring (c) exercises, (d) exercise diary, (e) information, (f) behavioral change and encouragement (g) exercise adherence. In stage 2, 3 themes were determined from interviews: (a) learning and accuracy, (b) ease of use, (c) motivation and adherence. USE and SUS scores indicated that users reported a high level of usability, satisfaction and ease of use. A mobile app for hand exercise for people with RA was developed using a mixed-method and iterative design. Participants perceived the mobile app as easy to use with high levels of satisfaction.

In this study, we investigated whether the CHA2DS2-VASc score could be used to estimate the need for hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU), the length of stay in the ICU, and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Patients admitted to Merkezefendi State Hospital because of COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed by RNA detection of virus by using polymerase chain reaction between March 24, 2020 and July 6, 2020, were screened retrospectively. The CHA2DS2-VASc and modified CHA2DS2-VASc score of all patients was calculated. Also, we received all patients' complete biochemical markers including D-dimer, Troponin I, and c-reactive protein on admission. We enrolled 1000 patients; 791 were admitted to the general medical service and 209 to the ICU; 82 of these 209 patients died. The ROC curves of the CHA2DS2-VASc and M-CHA2DS2-VASc scores were analyzed. The cut-off values of these scores for predicting mortality were >= 3 (2 or under and 3). The CHA2DS2-VASc and M-CHA2DS2-VASc scores had an area under the curve value of 0.89 on the ROC. The sensitivity and specificity of the CHA2DS2-VASc scores were 81.7% and 83.8%, respectively; the sensitivity and specificity of the M-CHA2DS2-VASc scores were 85.3% and 84.1%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that CHA2DS2-VASc, Troponin I, D-Dimer, and CRP were independent predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients. Using a simple and easily available scoring system, CHA2DS2-VASc and M-CHA2DS2-VASc scores can be assessed in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. These scores can predict mortality and the need for ICU hospitalization in these patients.

Objective: Neural tube defects are a heterogeneous and complex group of congenital central nervous system anomalies involving that involve the failed closure of the vertebral column. The spinal cord is frequently affected, and neural tube defects substantially increase the risk of disability and death within the first year of life. Neural malformations are often associated with abnormalities in other organ systems. This study presents our clinical experiences regarding the development and comorbidities of infants with neural tube defect and compares them with the literature. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 47 patients (24 females, 23 males) who underwent surgical treatment for neural tube defect in the neurosurgery department of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Training and Research Hospital between 2000 and 2020. Results: Of the 47 patients, 34 (72.34%) had myelomeningocele and 13 (27.65%) had meningocele. Lesion location was thoracolumbar in 38 patients (80.85%), lumbar in 5 (10.63%), lumbosacral in 3 (6.38%), and cervical in 1 patient (2.12%). Twenty-seven patients (57.44%) underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting due to hydrocephalus. Thirty patients (63.82%) had Chiari malformation type II, 13 (27.65%) had cranial anomalies, and 1 (2.12%) had Down syndrome. In 9 patients, the conus medullaris terminated at or below the L3 vertebral body (19.14%). Two patients (4.25%) died. Conclusion: Because of their multidimensional nature, neural tube defects have various effects on individuals, families, society, and the field of medicine. This study represents a small group of patients with neural tube defects. Cases should be included from other centers to compile more comprehensive data about patients with neural tube defects in Turkey.

Ülkemiz tarımında zeytin bitkisine verilen önem gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Zeytin meyvesinin kalitesini etkileyen en önemli kültürel uygulamalardan birisi de gübrelemedir. Toprak ve yaprak analizlerine dayalı olarak doğru bir gübreleme programı ile birlikte potasyumlu gübre uygulaması, meyvenin kalitesini önemli ölçüde arttırmaktadır. Bu amaçla farklı potasyumlu gübre (KNO3, K2SO4 ve KNO3+K2SO4) uygulamalarının, ayvalık çeşidi zeytin üzerine etkisini görebilmek amacı ile ağaç başına verim, meyve ile kalkan N-P2O5-K2O miktarları ve % yağ miktarları incelenmiştir. Çalışma Bornova Zeytincilik Araştırma Enstitüsü deneme bahçesinde, 35 yaşında Ayvalık zeytin çeşidinin bulunduğu parselde 2016-2017 yılları arasında yapılmıştır. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre planlanan çalışma, 4 tekerürlü ve her uygulamada 3 ağaç olacak şekilde kurulmuştur. Toprak ve yaprak analiz sonuçlarına göre gübreleme programı oluşturulmuş ve Nisan-Eylül ayları arasında fertigasyon sisteminden gübre uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Hasat döneminde zeytin meyvesinde yağ (% YA) ve ağaç başına yağ (kg/ağaç) miktarı analizleri yapılmıştır. Ayvalık çeşidi zeytin ağaçlarında farklı K’lu gübre formülasyonu uygulamalarında incelenen parametrelerde yıllar ve gübre arasında

Background The objective was to assess the knowledge level, attitude, and practice of health care workers towards standard precautions, and to identify the related factors. Furthermore, it was attempted to identify the proportion of having the experience of needle stick injuries (NSIs) and associated factors among participants. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a teaching hospital among 233 health workers using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire included eight knowledge items, seven practice items, and five attitude items. Based on the mean score of each category, responses were grouped into “satisfactory” and “unsatisfactory”. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. Results The mean age of the participants 32.95 (SD ± 9.70) and 62.2% of them were women. 57.5% of the staff had a satisfactory level of correct knowledge (>5 correct answers), 37.3% had a satisfactory positive attitude (>3 correct answers), and 30.9% had a satisfactory practice (>3 correct answers) towards standard precautions. The occupation was one of the predictors as doctors were less likely to have satisfactory knowledge and practice compared to nurses (OR = 0.269, 95% CI: 0.10–0.70 and OR = 0.248, 95% CI: 0.08–0.77, respectively). Out of 174 participants, 31.6% of them reported experiencing NSIs and support staff were 71% less likely to experience NSIs compared to nurses & paramedics. Conclusion The findings revealed a substandard adherence of standard precautions among participants, which highlighted the necessity of the provision of a periodic, tailored training program based on the occupation and risk exposure.

Objective: Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and neuropeptides in the endocrine system and central nervous system. CPE knockout mice models exhibit disorders such as diabetes, hyperproinsulinaemia, low bone mineral density and neurodevelopmental disorders. Only one patient is described with morbid obesity, intellectual disability, abnormal glucose homeostasis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which was associated with a homozygous frameshift deletion in CPE. Methods: Herein are described three siblings with obesity, intellectual disability and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in the index case. Candidate variants were prioritised and segregation of the variant, consistent with the phenotype of the index case, was assessed by Sanger sequencing in affected siblings and parents. Results: WES analysis revealed a homozygous nonsense c.405C>A (p.Y135*) mutation in CPE. Validation and segregation analysis confirmed the homozygous mutation in the index case and his affected siblings. The parents were phenotypically normal heterozygous mutation carriers. Conclusion: This study provides additional evidence of the association between a homozygous nonsense mutation in CPE and a clinical phenotype consisting of obesity, intellectual disability and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which may be considered as a new monogenic obesity syndrome.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QoL) and psychological well-being in child and adolescent with disorders of sex development (DSD). Methods Sixty-two cases, aged 2-18 years, who were followed by a multidisciplinary DSD team were included. All participants and their parents were requested the complete the Pediatric Quality Of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The psychiatric diagnoses of the patients were evaluated according to Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children/Present and Lifetime Turkish Version. Results There was no significant difference between the 46,XX DSD and 46,XY DSD groups for both child and parent in Total PedsQL score. In the subscale scores, the PedsQL Physical Functionality Score reported by children was significantly lower for the 46,XX DSD group than for the 46,XY DSD group (p=0.01). There was a psychiatric diagnosis in 25.8% of cases. The PedsQL School Functionality Score reported by children in the group with psychiatric diagnosis was significantly lower than the group without psychiatric diagnosis (p=0.018). In the group with psychiatric diagnosis, the PedsQL Total Score and the subscale scores (Emotional Functionality Score, Social Functionality Score, School Functionality) reported by parents were significantly lower than in parents of the group without psychiatric diagnosis. Conclusion This study emphasized that psychiatric disorders in DSD patients negatively affect the QoL. Psychiatric support and counseling from a multidisciplinary team are very important for families affected by DSD.

Cerebral abscesses are occasionally seen in animals, however are rare in dogs. Among the pyogenic bacteria causing cerebral abscesses Trueperella pyogenes is relatively scarce. In this report, a case of T. pyogenes induced cerebral abscess in a West Highland White Terrier was presented with histopathological and bacteriological findings. Two foci of cerebral abscesses located at the level of the thalamus, and the frontal and temporal lobes were described on necropsy. Severe suppurative meningoencephalitis and ventriculitis were noted on microscopic view. T. pyogenes was isolated and identified in bacteriological investigation. This report states that T. pyogenes can be a causative agent of cerebral abscesses in dogs.

Objective:This study aims to review the parameters affecting tumour recurrence, tumour progression and cancer survival of patients with low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 262 patients with primary, low-grade Ta bladder cancer. Recurrence was defined as the occurrence of a new tumour in the prostatic urethra or bladder. Tumour progression was defined as confirmed high-grade Ta, all T1 or carcinoma in situ, upper tract recurrence or progression to T2. The associations between factors that affect recurrence and progression were analysed.Results:Tumour recurrence and progression occurred in 119 (45.4%) and 25 (9.5%) patients during follow-up (median follow-up: 50.9±36.3 months), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate that smoking, multiple tumours and large tumours (3 cm3 cm) and smoking were risk factors for recurrence and progression. Prevention of smoking and routine cystoscopic examination are essential in bladder cancer.

AIM: To investigate the effects of diode laser treatment on ocular biometric parameters in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). METHODS: Premature infants who received diode laser treatment for ROP (n=68) and premature infants with spontaneous regressed ROP without treatment (n=50) were performed longitudinal ocular biometric measurements including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length as follows: 1d prior to laser treatment, and 3, 6, 9, and 12mo after the laser treatment. RESULTS: The mean birth weight, gestational age and initial examination time values were 936.53±302.07 g, 26.66±2.42wk, 36.26±2.73wk in the treatment group and 959.78±260.08 g, 27.28±2.10wk, 36.56±2.54wk in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in these demographic characteristics of the groups. Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness and axial length demonstrated statistically significant linear increases during the study period in the two groups (P

Purpose: To compare clinical characteristics and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) measurements of cases with functional and non-functional blebs, and to identify potential risk factors capable of affecting UBM parameters. Methods: Thirty-one patients aged 40–79 were included. Following trabeculectomy, cases were divided into two groups as those with functional bleb (Group 1, n = 20) and those with non-functional bleb (Group 2, n = 11). UBM was performed. Results: In Group 1 compared to Group 2, lower postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) (12.1 ± 1.7 vs 27.2 ± 3.2 mmHg, p 0.05). Conclusion: UBM is useful in assessing bleb success. Lower bleb reflectivity, greater bleb height and greater scleral route visibility indicate that the bleb is functional. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating effects of preoperative IOP, number and duration of preoperative antiglaucoma drug use on UBM parameters. In cases with functional bleb, duration of preoperative drug use affects only bleb reflectivity, while postoperative IOP affects bleb height, scleral route visibility and bleb reflectivity.