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The purpose of this paper is to gain some perspective on the future setting in which we and our immediate successors will practice and to study some of the forces which are operative in this field.A paper of this length can do no more than outline what is going on in our profession and give some of the evidence we have so far found concerning the factors which are deciding the future.We need to do some hard thinking on this subject of dentistry in the Soviet Union and ideas behind the revolutionary changes there and our response to them, whether we like it or not, because one of the new factors which dominates and controls dental practice in nearly half of the whole human family is the Soviet system. of training, practice and philosophy.There is a story told of a hen-run which was situated near to a Rugby field. On one occasion the Rugby ball was kicked over the wire into the hen-run. When the cock saw the Rugby ball lying there, he walked round it and then he called all the hens together and he said, “Now girls, I don't want to complain, but just take a look at what some other firms are producing.” Any responsible attempt to look into the future will of necessity include a study of the Soviet system and the dynamic idea which gives it such momentum.There are three major features about the Soviet which we wish to deal with, arising from the above, and we wish to deal quite briefly with each.First-the creation of a new framework for the dental profession.Second-the fact that the dentist is faced with a continuing choice of loyalty.Third-the intense programme of indoctrination in Marxist-Leninist ideology.

The purpose of this paper is the presentation of practical information on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of such radiation injuries as may be seen in atomic warfare. Others have amply covered the physical effects of the atomic bomb. The chaos that will exist in the immediate post-explosion period has been succinctly described. We are all aware that the greatest hazard is panic caused by the overwhelming fear. Progressive education and indoctrination of the public should allay this greatest of hazards in atomic warfare. Providing that there is some semblance of order in the civil population, it seems self-evident that care of the injured should be organized along the general lines of military medical care, i.e., first aid, collection, transportation, evacuation, etc., but under previously organized civil direction not military. The medical problems following an atomic bomb explosion are complex. The immediate problem will be of a magnitude that will seem almost insuperable. It may be necessary in ...

IT IS generally accepted that college students should learn to think for themselves, that they should take nothing for granted, that they should weigh alternatives and arrive at their own truths free from indoctrination. This ideal implies a campus community which not only permits but invites the expression of widely divergent views upon which a student can exercise his critical judgment. When such an intellectual environment is encouraged, controversial issues and unpopular speakers are bound to appear. This encouragement should be inspired for the values that result from the free expression of ideas and not merely to create controversy for the sake of controversy. Since our academic communities value their independence and since freedom of learning and teaching are widely accepted as being desirable for both students and teachers, one might assume that colleges would eliminate restrictive policies and would discourage pressures from outside sources. Unfortunately, this is not always true. When controversy hits head on in the form of a speaker with an uncommon message, a lack of clear purpose and policy often leads to panic and ill-considered action. But when we attempt to formulate standards for a policy on controversy, we too often use either the rhetoric of the extreme libertarian or that of the overly cautious restrictionist. Neither is adequate. The former excludes any qualitative standards; it reiterates the "free market place of ideas" argument which assumes that truth will automatically emerge if all sides are heard. The latter sells the student short and assumes that his impressionable mind needs shelter from any point of view not already widely accepted. The extreme libertarian view does not recognize the need to distinguish among issues on the basis of their relevancy to the intellectual goals of the college. The restrictionist view is even more unacceptable because it combines fear with a defense of the status quo and denies the values of free speech and assembly without which there can be no understanding of the crucial issues of the day. The central place which controversy should occupy on any campus derives from the ancient purposes of higher education-teaching and intellectual inquiry. The farther we stray from these central purposes

Careful and diligent failure analysis is necessary to obtain maximum benefit from life tests of electronic equipments. The importance of good failure analysis is often underrated in a test program, to the detriment of the program. This paper discusses the role and the significance of correct attitudes, advance indoctrination, thorough planning, skills, facilities, and effective supervision in adequately diagnosing each failure incident, in recording its details, and in preserving the lesson learned.

AMONG the key words in the revision of practices in higher education today are "orientation," "integration," and "comprehensive examination." In the graduate work of the Teachers College of the University of Cincinnati a serious attempt has been made for the past two years to give concrete expression to the ideals back of these catch phrases. The chief medium for this purpose is a general graduate seminar covering the main fields of education, and shared by both students and the entire graduate faculty in education. This provides upwards of half of the instructional program for the degree of Master of Education. At the close of the year comprehensive examinations on the various areas of the seminar replace the oral examination on courses for Masters' candidates. Through this program the faculty hopes to produce candidates for the higher degrees who have perspective and depth of insight, coupled with critical and problem-solving attitudes, rather than candidates notable for high degrees of specialization or for some specific indoctrination. At the same time, the project is designed to stimulate the participating staff members to personal growth, to develop in them tolerance and understanding of each other's views, and to encourage a reasonable integration of their teaching. A brief explanation of the general organization of the seminar system will give a setting for a more detailed account of objectives and procedures in the various major fields. Four areas were first blocked out, and faculty chairmen and committees selected to have primary responsibility for these fields. These major divisions of the seminar work are as follows: the school in relation to society and the social order, organization of the American school system, educational psychology and principles of learning and teaching, and scientific method and research in education. More conventionally, these deal in turn with educational history, sociology, and philosophy; educational administration; educational psychology; and educational measurement and research. Each of these topical areas or sections is scheduled for a seminar session of two hours once every two weeks. A student registered, as most of the twenty-five or thirty members of each section are, for all four sections of the seminar, thus attends

The Chinese Communist regime has used the film, along with other mass media, for propaganda and indoctrination purposes. It has completely nationalized facilities for production and showing of films, but rigid rules and taboos for movie-making have resulted in adverse reactions and shortcomings.

Since 1957, the German Federal Republic has established under federal social insurance legislation an increasing number of insurance- and industry-sponsored rural “reconditioning centers,” largely designed for the early prevention of degenerative (ischemie) heart disease. Similar centers on a much larger scale (more than 2,000) have been operated for decades by the Soviet government and labor unions. Although statistical data on the medical results of these empirical systems of prevention are still fragmentary, their basic principles (emotional-environmental relaxation plus systematic physical training and indoctrination of health rules) rest on sound scientific evidence of modern myocardial pathophysiology. The establishment of at least one scientifically conducted piloting reconditioning center with research facilities in the United States is being planned by the recently organized Preventive Heart Reconditioning Foundation.

In order to place new emphasis on marine pollution prevention in the complex field of tanker operations, the author developed, and is currently conducting, a Shipboard Pollution Control Indoctrination and Training Program. This program, presented on-board during passage, covers all aspects of ship operations at sea and in port which have pollution potential. Through the use of movies, slides, formal and informal discussion sessions the officers and crew are given a better understanding of the economic, legal and technical factors of marine pollution; good operating practices are reviewed; the ship/terminal relationship is explored; the policies and programs of management are emphasized; personnel are prepared for more effective action should an incident occur; and the overall pollution control posture of the vessel and terminals is evaluated. Meetings with management are held before and after the shipboard session as a result of which comprehensive pollution control programs are instituted or updated based to a great extent upon the feedback from the ships and recommendations of the author. Based upon experiences with independent, oil company and government contract tanker operators, and government agencies functioning in the field, 1) details of the program and its reception are reviewed, 2) observations are presented relative to conditions and particular problem areas encountered, 3) suggestions for further concerted efforts in the direction of pollution prevention are set forth and, 4) further desirable actions in the direction of education and training are outlined.

The present "proletarian cultural revolution" in Communist China is designed, among other things, to eradicate the remnants of traditional and foreign "reactionary" elements in Chinese society. It is an attempt by Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Communist Party of China (CPC) to strengthen his ideological influence upon the Chinese people, the young people in particular. But the Peking regime has always given the highest priority to thought control and political indoctrination, and the cultural revolution is merely another example of this long-standing policy. The purpose of this article is to study the indoctrination of the peasants by the Peking regime through the use of radio propaganda. In December 1965, Communist China celebrated the twentieth anniversary of the establishment of "people's radio broadcasting." On this occasion, Mao Tse-tung urged radio broadcasting personnel to use radio broadcasting to serve the people of China and all the people of the world. Other high-ranking Chinese Communist leaders, including Liu Shao-Ch'i, Chou En-lai and Chu Teh, stressed the importance of radio in the socialist revolution, in propagandizing the thought of Mao Tse-tung and in fighting against imperialism, and Lu Ting-yi, then Director of the Department of Propaganda of the CPC Central Committee and Minister of Culture of the State Council, pointed out that radio broadcasting was "an important weapon of class struggle."' It is abundantly clear that the Peking leaders attached great importance to radio as a means of political propaganda and indoctrination. Since its accession to power in 1949, the Peking regime has placed basic emphasis upon political consolidation and economic development. In order to transform China into an industrialized modern state in a short period of time, the Chinese Communist leaders attempted to develop both agriculture and industry simultaneously. This called for effective political modernization and the building up of what some economists called the "social overhead" which includes basic transport, irrigation, power facilities and communications. In an under-developed country such as Communist China, the mobilization of human resources by education, literary training, and mechanical skill training is as important as the utilization of natural resources in its economic development. Radio is one of the mass media that has been used to train and educate the Chinese people.

mT HE United States National Student Association (USNSA), in addition to its leadership in college students' thinking and activities within this country,' is building bridges of friendship with the college students of other countries. Such friendship is important because all students must live and act together in a world becoming progressively more close-knit. It is especially vital when it involves students who are already playing an important r8le in their own countries. In spite of indoctrination and suppression, college students in many places are now fighting for freedom both by word and deed. In some countries the scarcity of college-educated people means that their college students will have positions of national leadership and responsibility soon after graduation. If students learn to understand each other while students, they will be better able to deal with each other later. The chief means of contact which the USNSA has with students in foreign countries are the annual meetings of the International Student Conference, which has been called "the United Nations of the student world" since the Conference now includes nearly sixty national student unions in all parts of tlhe world. The Inter

marized in this manner. Plant management encouraged a mild form of accommodation by a humanitarian and a patriotic appeal to white employees. Although initial employment of Negroes caused a number of white employees to terminate, such terminations decreased rapidly and steadily. Relationships among the two racial groups eventually became highly accommodative. There were white employees who merely tolerated employment along with Negroes. Negro employees in most instances accommodated to these employees by anticipating their negative attitudes and avoiding them. When they failed to do so, accommodation was supplanted by conflict. The majority of the relationships among Negro and white employees developed into conciliation. Frequently Negro and white employees became friends in spite of racial factors. Throughout the plant Negro and white employees worked together harmoniously. Favorable contacts enabled white employees with intense racial antipathies to recognize the fallacy of many of their racial beliefs. Such employees often became indignant that they had been misled as a result of racial indoctrination and developed more liberal attitudes toward Negro employees than many who were less prejudiced in the beginning. The impact of plant contacts resulted in a re-evaluation of their racial beliefs by white employees and favorable changes in their racial attitudes. The high degree of accommodation which existed between Negro and white employees indicated that acceptance of Negro employees as integral elements of the plant personnel is possible. Supervisors agreed that the work performance of Negro employees was equivalent to that of white employees. They agreed further that the employment of Negroes in the plant along with whites had proved successful. They concluded that in their ability to work harmoniously with white employees and in the quality of their work performance lay no reason for non-employment of Negroes after the termination of the war. Nevertheless statistics revealed that potential integration of Negro employees was greater than their actual plant integration. Employment of Negroes remained highly responsive to emergency factors. During the two year period they were persistently concentrated among the four low wage occupations in the plant. There was a gradual penetration of more desirable positions but there were never more than twenty Negro employees earning as much as $1.00 an hour. Management accommodated to integration of Negro employees less readily than non-supervisory employees, who evidenced a high degree of accommodation.

THIS seems to me a good time to go on adding fuel to fires that are liquefying a situation that till recently seemed hopelessly frozen. The public is slowly awakening to the peril presented by the catastrophic decline in the number of teachers of science and mathematics who are prepared by knowledge and interest to teach these subjects. Robert E. Wilson uttered words of wisdom at our Cincinnati meeting. A committee of the American Association for the Advancement of Science on the Teaching of Science and Mathematics has rendered a report, published in Science for Nov. 3, that should be widely read and heeded. The matter is being agitated in articles in magazines and editorials in newspapers, and by such trenchant books as: "Education or Indoctrination," by Mary L. Allen; "Educational Wastelands, The Retreat from Learning in Our Public School," by Arthur E. Bestor, Jr.; "The Diminished Mind," by Mortimer Smith; ...

This report represents the first in a series of reports analyzing minority officer accessions as related to the Naval Aviation Training Program. It involves a comparison of black students with white students in pilot training during calendar years 1973-1976, using such performance measures as Aviation Selection Tests, Peer Rating, Officer-Like-Quality grade, Environmental Indoctrination Final grade, Basic and Advanced Flight grades, Basic and Advanced Academic grades, and pass/attrite. (Author)

The identities of a ll pati ents described in this art icle ha ve been disguised to protect their privacy. Sooner or lat er every physician encounters an alcoholic pat ient wh o deals with heavy drinking in ways that our treatment models explain poorly, ifat a ll. Mrs. Smith was a 73 yea r o ld black woman who had dran k heavily for ma ny years, usually to intoxication. Her husband was alco holic an d th ey often got into serious fights, someti mes with one or the other hosp ital ized. Mrs . Smith th ou gh t she too might have been a n alcoholi c, though no one ever called her this. He r husband left her a nd sh e drank even more heavily. Her da ughters comp lained that she was killing hersel f with drink and begged her to quit. T hey urged her to go to A .A. Once twenty-five or thirty years ago Mrs. Sm ith had gone to an A.A. meeting and had decid ed she wanted no pa rt of that. " Was j ust like ch urch, " she exp laine d, "only worse . . . no music." Mrs. Smith, howeve r , decided her daughters were right : so she stopped drinking. T ha t was 15 yea rs ago. She never ha s alcohol and wishes that some of her friends would quit too. It wasn 't easy to quit , she admits, but then she' ll add, her drinking wasn 't easy e ither. Mr. Cocina had a six pa ck of beer most evenings but on week ends went through a I 2-pack and oc casionally a 24-pack daily. He worked night shift in a fac tory . He never missed work and never drank at wo rk . Sometimes when he got off work in the mornings he was shakey. He felt he needed a d rink at th ese tim es so he'd have one and th en go to bed. His family had man y fina ncial problems and his wife left him for a period, after attempting suicide when his two da ughters were 3 and 5. The girls told h im he sme lled bad wh en he d rank and complained when he forgot the things th ey needed fo r pre-sch ool. Otherwise he cared well fo r th e ch ild ren e ven th ough he 'd been brought up in a cultu re where men didn 't do that. Mr. Cocina had been told that he was an alcoholic and had had

This chapter reviews the education of teachers. The need for teachers in the Soviet educational system is determined ten years in advance. Between 1968 and the 1978 All-Union Congresses of Teachers, 2.3 million teachers were trained. Soviet teachers, by virtue of their higher education and training, belong to the intelligentsia stratum, and they enjoy, according to Soviet educators, the greatest respect of society. Rural areas experience such a chronic shortage of teachers that between 60% and 80% of new graduates are posted to rural schools. Some teachers never arrive at the schools to which they have been appointed. They manage to find employment elsewhere, often close to home. Apart from the moral and political roles of the teacher, the teacher is also asked to improve vocational orientation and work training in the Soviet school. The propagandist role of the teacher is clearly spelled out by the decree on the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol and the tasks relating to the communist indoctrination of youth, which stated that the main function of teacher colleges is the training of the young teacher who is ready to fulfill a propagandist mission in the school and society.

Fundamentals of klystron testing is a text primarily intended for the indoctrination of new klystron group test stand operators. It should significantly reduce the familiarization time of a new operator, making him an asset to the group sooner than has been experienced in the past. The new employee must appreciate the mission of SLAC before he can rightfully be expected to make a meaningful contribution to the group's effort. Thus, the introductory section acquaints the reader with basic concepts of accelerators in general, then briefly describes major physical aspects of the Stanford Linear Accelerator. Only then is his attention directed to the klystron, with its auxiliary systems, and the rudiments of klystron tube performance checks. It is presumed that the reader is acquainted with basic principles of electronics and scientific notation. However, to preserve the integrity of an indoctrination guide, tedious technical discussions and mathematical analysis have been studiously avoided. It is hoped that the new operator will continue to use the text for reference long after his indoctrination period is completed. Even the more experienced operator should find that particular sections will refresh his understanding of basic principles of klystron testing.

Eighteen children kidnapped successfully or abortively by a parent were psychiatrically evaluated; 16 were found to have one or more of five functional changes: (1) aftereffects of severe fright or psychic trauma, (2) effects of mental indoctrination, (3) grief or rage about parental abandonment, (4) rejection of the offending parent, and (5) exaggerated identification with a parent or wish fulfillment about a parent. There are serious problems at the law-psychiatry interface regarding stolen children. Both fields must direct their efforts to the prevention of these family tragedies. Psychiatric evaluation is indicated for every child who returns from a child-stealing experience. Pediatricians and child psychiatrists may help the courts to understand the child's point of view by testifying regarding medical findings as well as by interpreting the child's testimony and behavior to the court.

Literacy programs and ideology in Soviet Russia, Nicolas Werth. Teaching people to read and write was one of the priorities of the Soviet revolution. Linked as of 1917 with indoctrination and politicisation, the education of the masses was meant to be carefully controlled. After a crash literacy program during the civil war period, done with the army's help, publishing was less rigidly watched over and shows the divergences between readers'tastes and those of the Party's guides. The tightening of the screws in the Stalinist period led to the " classic " book becoming an envied item, highly prized today on the black market., Werth Nicolas. Alphabétisation et idéologie en Russie soviétique. In: Vingtième Siècle, revue d'histoire, n°10, avril-juin 1986. Dossier : Lectures pour tous. pp. 19-36.

All public bureaucracies must resolve two fundamental problems. First, they must specify individual tasks in a way that is consistent with each official's information-processing capabilities, and, second, they must motivate officials to carry out their duties conscientiously. It is pointless for low-level officials to know what they ought to do if they are not motivated to do it and equally futile to design a sophisticated motivational system that is ineffective because bureaucrats lack crucial information. Therefore, an organizational designer must find the mixture of behavioral rules and discretion which assures that officials will be both competent and motivated (see Bardach and Kagan; Mitnick and Backoff; Simon). At one extreme, the public agency can rely on officials' professionalism to resolve both the information-processing and motivational issues. Under this model, bureaucrats are trained in professions which emphasize not only technical competence but also conscientious devotion to duty. Given professional indoctrination, agency rules need not be rigid and clearcut. They can, instead, basically exhort officials to perform well and act to further the goals of the agency. In bureaucratic situations where there is considerable uncertainty about the best type of behavior, professional training can encourage officials to share their problems and successes and work toward a fuller, mutual under

In 1962 the Navy established a campus Flight Indoctrination Program (FIP) which allowed NROTC students to earn a private pilot's license. The objectives were to attract more NROTC students to aviation, improve screening of flight applicants, and to reduce flight training time. The results were favorable. Input figures for NROTC students into flight training showed a significant increase after inception of FIP. A group of 353 FIP NROTC graduates compared to 143 non-FIP NROTC graduates was superior in terms of average grades throughout flight training, and the FIP group's attrition rate was about half that of the non-FIP group. Greatest reduction in training time was in the light plane phase. There is evidence that more careful consideration of campus FIP performance would result in further improvement in screening. In addition, there were a few instances of possible pipeline misassignment of FIP students. Since pipeline is based mainly on the Primary Flight Grade, an artificial elevation of this grade by the previous light plane experience may contribute to misassignment.

The writer believes that Vietnamization in Kien Tuong Province has been very successful in spite of the fact that weak links do exist. The structure has been built and the ground work laid that will enhance continuing development, security and self-sufficiency. He also feels that much of the public display in support of GVN is artificial, or at any rate superficial and perfunctory, even though strides have been made during recent political indoctrination campaigns. It is a strong recommendation as follow-on actions at the national level to eliminate corruption. At the local level, priority follow- on advisory efforts should be directed at taxation and village self development. Top priority should also be given to the development of an irrigation system.

There has been much interest in America concerning Russian physical and technologic sciences, but little attention has been paid to Soviet medicine. Therefore, a discussion of the Soviet medical system and particularly of our field of interest seems timely. Dermatology in the U.S.S.R. can be understood only if viewed against its background of Soviet medicine in general. Since, in the Soviet system, every social process is directed and mobilized toward the goals of the regime as defined by the leaders, it was inevitable that the study and practice of medicine become centrally controlled and coordinated with other phases of the Soviet social system. Initially, the chief role of the physician was visualized as an aid in keeping the labor force on the job to fulfill agricultural and industrial quotas. Stress is placed, therefore, on preventive medicine and public health. Political indoctrination became an essential part

In view of the development of well-organized and effectively conducted junior and senior clerkships in the majority of medical schools throughout the country and the marked expansion of the residency program, both in medical school-connected and nonaffiliated hospitals, the concept of the internship as a separate and distinct phase in medical education is difficult to justify, except perhaps as a matter of tradition. There is little question that responsibilities and duties formerly those of the intern have been increasingly delegated, on the one hand, to medical clerks and, on the other, to residents in the university hospitals and to the resident staff in nonaffiliated institutions. There are still some areas that have been and remain the traditional province of the internship. These include indoctrination in the less technical yet highly important human relations aspects of the practice of medicine, as well as instruction in certain techniques and procedures ordinarily taught

Considering present world-wide birth rates and figures relative to the incidence of congenital heart disease, fewer children are given the opportunity for corrective surgery within a year with present facilities than are born eligible within a given day. This fact does not take into consideration surgical candidates with acquired heart disease. Open heart operations are feasible within hospitals at the community level. The equipment needed is not as complicated as so often anticipated, and the chances for success are good if the proper personnel equip themselves with certain unpurchasable principles and if confusing, complicating, and obstructing attitudes and gadgets are kept out of the operating room. Particular emphasis is placed on thorough indoctrination of the entire team in the laboratory. The necessary personnel can usually be found, and the equipment acquired, by smaller communities as well as by larger ones, leaving only certain intangible personal traits to decide success or failure.

The saying that "one picture is worth more than ten thousand words" is usually attributed to Confucius. During World War II, the U. S. armed forces demonstrated brilliantly the advantage of using visual education for rapid indoctrination of inexperienced recruits into the intricacies of modern warfare. It was found that even a mediocre student could be taught complicated subjects easily and efficiently. This same system can be utilized by the physician in his office to facilitate and emphasize discussions with patients. With some patients a picture often will convey the point where detailed verbalization only confuses them. In this day of high-tempo life and large, busy medical practices, some form of rapid communication with patients is essential. Pictorial education is one means of achieving this objective. During the past few years in medical periodicals and texts there have appeared numerous excellent illustrations, many semidiagrammatic and easily interpreted, elucidating various points

The role of psychogenic factors in skin diseases is emphasized. Emotional problems present in 45% to 78.5% of dermatological patients are best managed by a combined dermatological-psychiatric approach. Dermatologists might be inclined to treat such problems as members of a dermatological-psychiatric team. Such a team is now operating a Department of Psychocutaneous Medicine in the dermatology OPD of a large general hospital. The training in basic psychiatry of the dermatologist member of the team is described and evaluated. Such indoctrination is recommended for dermatologists interested in and suited for dermatologic-psychiatric work. The advantages and disadvantages of such methodology are discussed.

Every mail brings new glossy brochures describing postgraduate courses of instruction, in subjects ranging from acanthocytosis to zoonoses, which are convened in exotic vacation spots or famed universities throughout the world. "Continuing education" has become a thriving growth industry which obviously benefits someone—but whom? It is not hard to see that name recognition, prestige, travel opportunities, and money accrue to educators, but what evidence is there to support the opinion that learners are advanced by exposure to the proclamations of authorities? Is it possible that the authoritative-lecture format is converting American physicians into passive consumers of predigested pap, stifling skepticism and usurping time which may be spent in self-actuated learning?

During my sabbatical leave in Israel, I approached reliability engineering in a number of ways. The papers I delivered in conferences, lectures, workshops, short courses, in-plant training, and indoctrination in reliability engineering appreciably increased interest in the reliability discipline. Engineers in Israel for the first time took the 1981 American Society for Quality Control (ASQC) examination for ASQC certification as reliability engineers. The results of the 1981 April examination were gratifying: 11 passed the examination and were awarded the CRE (ASQCCertified Reliability Engineer).

Home defence is concerned with enhancing the prospects for survival and recovery of this country in the eventuality of nuclear war. Contingency plans exist for the creation of a system of wartime regional government which includes elements from peacetime local and central governments. Senior officers in local government with designated wartime roles receive training at the Home Defence College. The Home Office decided that a crisis management game should form part of their overall programme of indoctrination. The resulting game, which is known as HOT SEAT, has been successfully implemented and is now in regular use at the College. This paper describes how the need for the game arose, the structure of the resulting game, the problems that arose during its development, and should be of interest to those concerned with the development of management and crisis games.

Joseph Heller's Catch-22, with its irreverent and bitterly comic description of the last days of World War II, has seemed for many of its readers a frighteningly accurate portrait of the "mentality" behind contemporary social and intellectual institutions.' Heller's novel, however, issues more than just a simple challenge to the various commercial, military, and religious organizations which govern the lives of its characters. In the world of Catch-22, patients' illnesses always coincide with their doctors' areas of specialization (182-3), fliers disrupt political indoctrination sessions with cries of "Who is Spain?" or "When is right?" (35), and Yossarian, the bombardier, must struggle against the "logic" of the Air Corps if he is to continue to survive. Such situations reveal how society's institutions reflect fundamental discontinuities in language, thought, and behavior.2 More than this, they suggest that at the heart of such dislocations is that problematic and radical discontinuity which has been the subject of so much critical discussion.

The surgical investigator must be a bridge tender, channeling knowledge from biologic science to the patient's bedside and back again. He traces his origin from both ends of the bridge. He is thus a bastard, and is called this by everybody. Those at one end of the bridge say that he is not a very good scientist and those at the other end say he does not spend enough time in the Operating Room. 1 Francis D. Moore 1958 This issue of theArchivescarries articles presented at the 69th Annual Scientific Meeting of the New England Surgical Society (NESS). Founded on February 5, 1916, at the Harvard Club in Boston, Mass, this society has a long and distinguished history in American surgery. Their indoctrination memorandum to new members states that the original members were not only leaders in New England in the art and science of surgery, but were

To the Editor:— I wish to state that the first paragraph, naming opponents of the current fad of sexual indoctrination via sensitivity training techniques in the school as "identified with the right wing" and as "uninformed individuals" is totally false. Additionally the fight against these experimental programs did not begin in the South, but did have its origin in the state of California in April 1968. I know of this because I was one of the original warriors. I am a life-long Democrat—no right-winger—and the organization which I helped to form has had no support either financial or other from anyone but concerned parents. It is obvious that 15 state legislatures would not consider protective legislation if there were only "ignorant" people involved. It is also obvious that there are many prominent physicians and psychiatrists who oppose these programs. What is proposed by SIECUS is not sex education but is

The practice of anesthesia is intimately connected with the basic sciences, perhaps to a greater degree than are other specialties. The anesthesiologist is a clinical pharmacologist. He is concerned with the physical principles of monitoring, inhalation therapy, and anesthesia equipment. He must be aware of the physiological status of his patient before, during, and following the anesthetic state, and in consultative situations as well. Clearly, both indoctrination in the specialty and keeping abreast therewith deeply involve these basic disciplines. The editors of this book offer it as an aid to competence in the basic sciences. This book, edited in the United Kingdom, is primarily of British authorship although there are some American contributors. The book contains 41 chapters, the majority of which are concerned with physiology. Eleven chapters and the three appendices cover physical principles and clinical topics related thereto. Four chapters are devoted to pharmacology—factors affecting drug action, drug

In 1861 the physicians of this country, North and South, contributed their patriotic ardor to the general pools. Eventually about 15,400 served as medical officers—12,000 Federal and 3,400 Confederate. Without any indoctrination in military medicine, and in some states without any examination for proficiency, they bought their uniforms, horses, and accoutrements, packed their surgical cases and medicine bags, and rode off to join their regiments in camp, field, or battle. Additional thousands enlisted as combatants. Some became medical officers; many, however, remained in the ranks or were promoted to be company or regimental officers, and at least 33 finally became combatant generals. 1 The two groups, the medical and nonmedical, contained a high proportion of the country's physicians. The regimental doctors were designated surgeons and assistant surgeons. One of each was assigned to a regiment, originally containing about a thousand men. The regiments were the basic, important units. They were recruited

Describes a teaching program designed to provide safety indoctrination for faculty, staff, and students.

To the Editor:— It is apparent that, with the present aggressive drive for social legislation which is now being carried on, it is necessary for every state and county medical society to have informed public speakers on this subject. The number of physicians who are available for this work is very small and for obvious reasons: either these men are too busy to inform themselves on the subject of socialization of medicine as far as factual information is concerned or they do not have the time required to accept speaking engagements. For these reasons I should like to suggest that the American Medical Association provide, at some central point such as Chicago or Washington, D. C., a briefing course of three or four days for indoctrination and presentation of factual information as well as any other information which may be useful for speakers who meet the public, particularly the executive

To the Editor:— Your recent editorials, "Have a Heart" and "Change of Heart," generated much outpouring of adrenalin in many of your readers. The callous proposal of licensed private heart farms and the frivolous speculation about the effect of cardiac transplantation on popular lyrics are offensive to good taste. Problems of organ transplantation are too serious to be treated in such cavalier fashion. As in the days of cannibalism, when a human being was a source of desirable flesh, so, in the future days of unrestrained organ transplantation, one human being may become a tempting source of organs to another. Could there be a stronger inducement to murder, genocide, or war than the prospect of replenishing depleted organbanks? In order to forestall these grisly developments, strong moral indoctrination becomes necessary. I suggest that we augment the list of commandments by adding an Eleventh, "Thou Shalt Not Covet Thy Neighbor's Viscera."