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İşletmelerin zayıf rekabetçi performanslarının nedeni olarak genellikle, pazar koşullarındaki ani değişimler ve/veya beklenmedik olaylar gösterilir. Ancak bu durum yöneticilerinin kendi kontrolü dışında oluşan koşullara ve faaliyetlere karşı bir tepkisidir. Oysa asıl neden, işletmelerin sürdürülebilir rekabetçi üstünlük için kaynak tabanlı uygulama ve pazarlama yeteneklerini geliştirme eksikliğidir. Bu eksikliğin doğal sonucu olarak, işletmelerin pazarlama yeteneklerini etkinleştirmesini engellenmekte ve rekabetçi üstünlüğün kaybedilmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma iki ana eksende tasarlanmış ve düzenlenmiştir: Birincisi işletmelerin sürdürülebilir rekabetçi üstünlük pazarlama yeteneklerinin önemi, İkincisi pazarlama yeteneklerinin işletme performansında anahtar öğe olarak düşünülmesi. Buna göre çalışma Ankara ili merkezli üretim işletmelerinin sürdürülebilir rekabetçi üstünlük elde edebilmelerinde pazarlama yeteneklerinin performans üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemeye yönelik görgül bir değerlendirmeyi kapsamaktadır. Araştırma amacı doğrultusunda 730 işletme yöneticisi ile görüşülerek anket yapılmış ve veriler toplanmış; Kısmi En Küçük Kareler (PLS) tekniği kullanılarak, oluşturulan yapısal modelin geçerliliği test edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda pazarlama yeteneklerinin işletme performansı üzerinde doğrudan ve pozitif etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Sudden changes in market conditions and/or unexpected events are generally shown as the reason for weak competitive performances of enterprises. However, this is a reaction to the conditions and activities that occur outside the managers' control. The main reason, however, is the lack of development of resource-based practices and marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. As a natural consequence of this deficiency, the improving the efficiency of business marketing capabilities is hampered and competitive advantage is lost. In this context, this study has been designed and structured in two main axes: Importance of businesses' sustainable competitive advantage marketing capabilities, Considering marketing capabilities as a key element in business performance. Accordingly, the study includes a pragmatic assessment of the effects of the marketing capabilities on performance in determining the sustainable competitive advantage of the manufacturing enterprises in Ankara. In line with the purpose of the study, 730 business managers were interviewed and data were collected. Using the Partial Least Squares (PLS) technique, the validity of the constructed structural model was tested. As a result of the research, it has been seen that marketing capabilities have a direct and positive effect on business performance.

Central Asia’s Ili River is fed by mountain streams that flow down into an isolated and arid basin that today is shared by Kazakhstan and China. Agriculture in the basin is dependent upon irrigation, which was practiced as long ago as the Iron Age, when early pastoralists constructed ditches to channel water from streams onto nearby fields. Irrigation had become much more common by the 18th century, when the region was controlled by the Dzungarian Khanate. The khanate was toppled by the Qing Chinese in the 1750s in the first of a series of confrontations that destroyed and then rebuilt the basin’s agricultural economy. The region has since been dominated by a succession of Chinese and Russian (and later Soviet and independent Kazakh) governments, each of which recognized the essential role of irrigated agriculture in maintaining control. Thus every cycle of destruction led to reclamation of new lands, resettlement of farmers and upgrading of infrastructure to expand irrigation. This allowed an impressive diversity of fruits, vegetables and field crops to be grown, especially on loess soils of the more fertile upper basin, where tributaries could be easily tapped by gravity flow. Many of these tributaries were entirely diverted by the 19th century, so that they no longer reached the Ili. Large scale irrigation commenced in the 1960s, when the Soviets built Kapchagai dam and reservoir in the lower part of the basin and installed pumps to raise water from the Ili River onto nearby reclaimed sierozem soils, mostly for cultivation of rice. China later constructed a cluster of small- and medium-sized dams that enabled expansion of agriculture in the upper part of the basin. Many irrigated areas along the lower reaches of the Ili in Kazakhstan have been abandoned, but irrigation in the upper basin continues to expand. Declining soil fertility, salinization, pollution, insufficient inflows and adverse economic conditions currently challenge irrigation across the entire basin. Investments are being made in new technologies as a means to sustain irrigated agriculture in the basin, but it remains to be seen if these strategies will be successful.

Ülkelerin ekonomik büyüme sağlayabilmelerinin en önemli araçlarından biri ihracattır. İhracat hem büyük firmalar hem de KOBİ’ler için pazar paylarını ve gelirlerini arttırabilmelerine imkân veren gelişim stratejilerinden biridir. Büyük işletmeler sahip oldukları kurumsal yapı sayesinde ihracat süreçlerini kolaylıkla gerçekleştirirken KOBİ’ler ihracat süreçlerinde çok farklı sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedirler. Bu çalışma, Bartın ilinde faaliyet gösteren KOBİ’lerin algılanan ihracat engellerini tespit etmek ve bu engellere yönelik öneriler getirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılarak Bartın ilinde faaliyet gösteren 10 işletme ve 4 kamu kurumuyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda KOBİ’lerin algıladıkları iç ihracat engelleri insan kaynağı yetersizliği, pazar araştırmasının gerçekleştirilmemesi ve lojistik maliyetlerinin yüksek oluşu, dış ihracat engelleri, döviz dalgalanmaları ve Bartın ilinin konumu olarak tespit edilmiştir.

The particular characteristics of populations combined with human use of technology is having an increasing impact on land cover with each passing day. These land cover changes have caused many economic and ecological problems as the use of off-purpose land becomes more widespread . Indeed, the problems caused by these changes are often irreversible. In this study, which aims to determine the human impact on land cover in the case of the province of Ankara we used the method of determining human impact index developed by Sanderson et al., and the criteria applied by SEDAC constituted the basis of the research. In this context, population density, transportation network, nighttime lights, land cover, and urban areas were re-classified and overlapped using GIS software. The spatial analysis results showed that the human impact index distribution, the 2018 CORINE land cover, and the 2006-2012-2018 land cover change data were correlated. The results also showed which type of land cover was located in the human impact area in Ankara Province. The study concluded that Ankara metropolitan areas, which expand towards the west and partly towards the south, have landforms, which have an important effect on agriculture, forests and semi-natural areas.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, tabakalı işgücü piyasası kuramının ortaya attığı; “iyi iş” – “kötü iş” ayrımını inşaat sektörü özelinde değerlendirip, kuramın geçerliliğini Türkiye örneği ile ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırma kapsamında Denizli ilinde, inşaat sektöründe faaliyet gösteren, iki ayrı inşaat firmasında çalışan 16 kişi ile derinlemesine mülakat yapılmıştır. Nicel araştırma kapsamında ise; Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu 2016 yılı Hane Halkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Veri Setinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel bulgularına göre; Türkiye’de inşaat sektöründe çalışanların %95,9’u kötü işte çalışmaktadır. Araştırmanın nitel bulgularına göre ise iyi iş; yüksek ücretli, fiziki güç gerektirmeyen, sosyal etkinliklerin, çalışanına değer veren işverenlerin, sorumluluğun ve saygınlığın olduğu, kişinin kendisini geliştirebildiği, sosyal ihtiyaçlarının karşılanabildiği ve işyerinde aidiyet hissinin yaratılabildiği iştir. Kötü iş ise; düşük ücretli, fiziki güç gerektiren, kayıt dışı çalışmanın, mobbingin ve fazla mesainin söz konusu olduğu, çalışma koşullarının ve çalışanların görev tanımlarının belirgin olmadığı, çalışanların sorunlarını ifade edemediği ve meslek hastalığı riski ile karşılaşabildiği iştir.

Sažetak. Cilj: Prikazati slučaj pacijentice s ponavljajućim rupturama jajnika s ciljem rasprave moguće etiologije rupture koja može nastati u različitim fazama liječenja u predisponiranih pacijentica. Prikaz slučaja: Pacijentica u dobi od 28 godina zaprimljena je u hitnu ginekološku ambulantu zbog jakih bolova u donjem dijelu abdomena praćenih dispnejom i općim lošim osjećanjem. Tog jutra pacijentica je bila na aspiraciji oocita. U krvnoj slici bile su snižene vrijednosti eritrocita, hemoglobina i hematokrita. Transvaginalnim ultrazvukom postavljena je sumnja na hematoperitoneum. Indicirana je hitna dijagnostička laparoskopija kojom je potvrđeno intraperitonealno krvarenje, a izvor je bio rupturirani jajnik. Hemostaza je učinjena tijekom zahvata termokauterizacijom. Nakon pet godina pacijentica je nastavila liječenje neplodnosti in vitro fertilizacijom u prirodnom ciklusu u kojem je učinjen prijenos zametka. Dva dana kasnije javlja se u hitnu ginekološku ambulantu zbog bolova u abdomenu. Ultrazvučnom dijagnostikom postavljena je sumnja na hematoperitoneum koji je potvrđen dijagnostičkom laparoskopijom, a krvarenje je zaustavljeno termokauterizacijom. Tri tjedna nakon prijenosa zametka transvaginalnim ultrazvukom potvrđen je intrauterino smješten gestacijski mjehurić, čime je potvrđena trudnoća. U 26. tjednu trudnoće započeo je prijevremeni porod prsnućem vodenjaka te je porod dovršen carskim rezom. Zaključak: Tijek liječenja neplodnosti i zbivanja tijekom perinatalnog razdoblja ukazuju da su ponavljane rupture jajnika moguće u predisponiranih pacijentica. Prikazani slučaj ukazuje na skupinu pacijentica koja je sklonija komplikacijama u različitim okolnostima reprodukcijske dobi., Aim: To present a patient with recurrent ovarian ruptures in order to discuss the possibility of etiology of rupture that may occur at different stages of treatment in therefore predisposed patients. Case report: A-28-year-old patient was admitted to an emergency gynecological ambulance due to pain in the lower abdomen, dyspnea, and general weakness. That morning, the oocyte retrieval was done. In the laboratory findings, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were reduced. Transvaginal ultrasound raised the suspicion of hemoperitoneum so urgent diagnostic laparoscopy was indicated. It confirmed the intraperitoneal bleeding whose cause was the ruptured ovary. Hemostasis was performed during the thermocauterization procedure. After five years, the patient continued infertility treatment by in vitro fertilization in the natural cycle in which the embryo was transferred. Two days later, the patient was admitted to an emergency gynecological ambulance due to pain in the lower abdomen. After the examination, the hemoperitoenum was suspected and confirmed by diagnostic laparoscopy, the bleeding was stopped. Three weeks after embryo’s transfer, the transvaginal ultrasound confirmed gestatinal sac located in uterus which confirmed the pregnancy. In the 26th week of pregnancy, preterm labor was caused by the rupture of the membranes so the delivery was completed by Caesarean section. Conclusion: The infertility treatment and events during the perinatal period indicate that recurrent ovarian ruptures are possible in predisposed patients. The presented case indicated a group of patients who are more prone to complications in different circumstances of reproductive age.

In this study, a field research was conducted to determine the effect of visionary leadership on organizational agility. The data of the analysis were obtained from the health care workers working in private hospitals in the Bakirkoy region by the survey method and 200 questionnaires were analyzed statistically. To achieve the results, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. In the conclusion part, it is confirmed that there is a parallel and meaningful relationship between the visionary leader's behavior and organizational agility, Bu çalışmada, vizyoner liderliğin örgütsel çeviklik üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bir alan araştırması yapılmıştır. Analizin verileri Bakırköy bölgesindeki özel hastanelerde çalışan sağlık çalışanlarından anket yöntemi ile elde edilmiş olup 200 anket formu istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada, vizyoner liderliği ve örgütsel çeviklik hakkında temel açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Sonuca ulaşmak için güvenilirlik analizi, korelasyon analizi ve regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde, vizyoner liderin davranışı ile örgütsel çeviklik arasında paralel ve anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu doğrulanmıştır.

Şehir pazarlaması, herhangi bir ürün ya da hizmetin pazarlanmasından daha karmaşık bir sürece sahiptir. Bu çalışma, konuyu turizm açısından ele almıştır. Destinasyon imajı algısının tespit edilmesi şehir pazarlamasında kullanılacak stratejilerin belirlenmesinde oldukça önemlidir, çünkü pazarlama; tanıtım ve reklam çalışmalarında yatırımın doğru alanlara kanalize edilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda lisansüstü eğitim gören 19 öğrenciden 2019 yılı Nisan ayı içerisinde, Hatay’ın destinasyon imajı algısını belirlemeye yönelik yazılı olarak dört soruya yanıt vermeleri istenmiştir. Yanıtlara niceliksel içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcılar, Hatay’ın en çok turistik öğeleriyle yani tarihi, kültürel varlıklarıyla ve gastronomisiyle ön plana çıktığını düşünmektedir. Ayrıca Hatay’ı gastronomik unsurların ve zengin yemek kültürünün temsil edeceğini düşünmektedirler. Turistik bir gezi amacıyla Hatay’ın tercih edilme nedenleri ise sahip olduğu alternatif turizm türlerine ve turizm çekiciliklerine bağlanmaktadır. Katılımcılar, Hatay’ı kültürel zenginlikleri ve sahip olduğu hoşgörülü yapısıyla diğer illerden ayırmaktadır. Bulgular, Hatay’ın turizm ile olumlu imajını geliştirebileceği yönünde birleşmektedir. Ayrıca şehrin günümüzdeki yeni turist profiline uyan birçok unsuru bünyesinde bulundurduğu sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır., City marketing has a more complex process than marketing any product or service. With this study, the subject is handled in terms of tourism. Determining the perception of destination image is very important in determining the strategies to be used in city marketing because it contributes to channeling the investment to the right areas in marketing, promotion and advertisement works. Accordingly, 19 students who received postgraduate education, were asked to answer 4 questions in writing in April 2019 to determine the perception of the destination image of Hatay. Content analysis was applied to the answers. The participants think that Hatay stands out with its touristic elements, that is, its historical, cultural assets and gastronomy. They also think that Hatay will represent gastronomic elements and rich food culture. The reasons for choosing Hatay for a touristic trip are linked to the alternative tourism types and tourism attractions that Hatay has. The participants distinguish Hatay from other provinces with its cultural richness and tolerant structure. The findings agree that Hatay can improve its positive image with tourism. It is also concluded that the city contains many elements that fit the new tourist profile of today.

Arazi toplulaştırması teknik, ekonomik ve sosyal yönleri olan çok disiplinli, çok kapsamlı ve birçok işlem adımı olan tarımsal projelerdir. Arazi toplulaştırma çalışmalarında dağıtım aşaması, projenin en zor ve en karmaşık adımlarından biridir. Projelerin başarıya ulaşmasında ve çifti memnuniyetinin sağlanmasında son derece önemli bir yere sahiptir. Türkiye’de dağıtım işlemi mülakat ( mülakat esaslı dağıtım) yapılmak suretiyle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte pek çok akademik çalışmada dağıtım işleminin daha başarılı sonuçlara ulaşabilmesi için farklı modeller de önerilmektedir. Bu çalışmada; çiftçi tercihleri alınmadan sadece parsel büyüklüklerini dikkate alan blok öncelik esaslı dağıtım modeli Aydın ilinin Koçarlı ilçesindeki Sobuca, Halilbeyli ve Tekeli köyleri için uygulanmıştır. Blok öncelik esaslı dağıtım modeli (Model B) sonuçları ile mülakat esaslı dağıtım modeli (Model A) sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda; blok öncelik esaslı modelin hisseli parsel sayılarını ve işletme başına düşen parsel sayılarının artmasında mülakat esaslı dağıtım modeline göre daha başarılı sonuçlar verdiği tespit edilmiştir. Land consolidation is a multidisciplinary, comprehensive and agricultural project with technical, economic and social aspects. The distribution stage in land consolidation studies is one of the most difficult and complex steps of the project. It has an important position in the success of the projects and providing the satisfaction of the farmers. The reallocation process is carried out in Turkey by making interview. In addition to this, different models are recommended for the reallocation process to achieve more successful results in many academic studies. In this study, the block priority based reallocation model (Model B), which considers only parcel sizes without taking farmers' preferences, has been applied for Sobuca, Halilbeyli and Tekeli villages in Koçarlı district of Aydın. The results of the block priority based reallocation model were compared with the results of the interview based reallocation model (Model A). As a result of the analysis, The block priority-based model has been observed to be more successful in terms of reducing the number of shared parcels and increasing the average parcel sizes and the number of parcels per enterprise.

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı Rize ilinde Esnaf ve Sanatkârlar Odasına Kayıtlı ve 50’den az çalışanı olan işyerlerinde işyeri sahibi ya da işletmecilerin iş sağlığı ve güvenliği temel konuları hakkındaki bilgi düzeyinin saptanması, yapılandırılmış sade bir eğitim ile mevcut bilgi seviyesinin artırılması ve ilgili eğitimini etkinliğinin gösterilmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kesitsel tipteki araştırma Rize ilinde Esnaf ve Sanatkârlar Odasına Kayıtlı ve 50’den az çalışanı olan 7103 işyerinden 5706’sının katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara iş sağlığı ve güvenliği bilgi düzeylerini değerlendiren bir anket doldurtulmuş ve konu ile ilgili eğitim verilmiştir. On beş gün sonra katılımcıların bilgi düzeyleri bir anketle tekrar değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Eğitim öncesinde katılımcıların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği ile ilgili bilgi düzeyleri düşük olarak tespit edilmiştir. Verilen eğitimin ardından değerlendirilen konuların tamamında yeterli bilgi sahibi olma sıklığı %90’ın üzerine çıkmıştır. Değerlendirilen konuların tamamında eğitim öncesi ve sonrasındaki bilgi düzeylerindeki değişim istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p

Gıda israfı ve kaybı ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyal bir problemdir. Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü, insan tüketimi için üretilen tüm yenilebilir yiyeceklerin yaklaşık üçte birinin, israf edildiğini veya hasat sonrası kaybedildiğini ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tüketicilerin gıda israf davranışına etki eden faktörleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaca ulaşmak için Çorum ilinde 2018 yılı Kasım ve Aralık aylarında 583 kişi ile anket yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri aracılığıyla analiz edilmiş ve açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Yapılan Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda toplam varyansın %76,612’sini açıklayan 5 faktörlü bir yapı elde edilmiştir. Bu faktörler; norm, niyet, sonuç farkındalığı, satın alma davranışı ve planlama olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen bu faktörlerin geçerlilik, güvenilirlik, yapı tutarlılığına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi aracılığı ile faktörlerin uyum endeks değerlerine uygun olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Yapılan Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi sonucunda, elde edilen faktörlerin uyum endeks değerlerini karşıladığı tespit edilmiştir. Faktörlerin birbiri ile ilişkisi ve israf davranışı üzerindeki etkisi yol analizleri ile ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, tüketicilerin sonuç farkındalığı, niyet ve normlar bakımından olumlu ifadeler sergilemelerine karşın planlama ve satın alma aşamasında kararsız davrandıkları belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca israf davranışlarında niyet ve sonuç farkındalığının doğrudan etkisinin olmasına karşın, planlama ve normların dolaylı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Niyetin satın alma davranışı üzerinde en etkili faktör olduğu göz önünde tutulduğunda toplumda sonuç farkındalığı yaratacak etkinliklere ağırlık verilmelidir. Food waste and loss is an ecological, economic and social problem. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization states that approximately one third of all edible foods produced for human consumption are wasted or lost after harvest. The aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting food waste behavior of consumers. In order to reach this aim, a questionnaire was conducted with 583 people in November and December of 2018 in Çorum province. The obtained data were analyzed and explained through Structural Equation Models. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a 5-factor structure explaining 76,612% of the total variance was obtained. These factors were named as norm, intention, result awareness, purchasing behavior and planning. These factors were found to have validity, reliability and internal consistency. In addition, it was investigated whether the factors were compatible with the fit indices by means of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, it was determined that the obtained factors met the fit indices values. As a result of Confirmatory Factor Analysis, it was determined that the obtained factors met the fit index values. The effect of the factors on the relationship between each other and the waste behavior were measured by means of the path analysis. As a result of this study, although consumers have positive statements regarding consequence awareness, intent and norms, they have been determined to be unstable in planning and purchasing. Besides, although there was a direct effect of intent and result awareness on waste behavior, it was determined that planning and norms had indirect effects. Considering that the intention is the most influential factor on waste behavior, it should be focused on the activities that will create result awareness in society.

The sudden changes in market conditions and/or unexpected events are shown as reasons for the poor performance of the businesses in the dynamic market environment. In fact, such an explanation is a response of managers to conditions and activities beyond their control. However, the real reason is the lack of development of resource-based dynamic capabilities in choosing the strategy that best suits the internal characteristics of the firm. The reason lies in the fact that developing and activating the capabilities firms have offers the flexibility to maintain superior performance-based competitive advantage as a result of the basic abilities they can achieve in the long-term. This study covers an experimental analysis to determine the effects of dynamic resources based capabilities (organizational resources, organizational capabilities, and relational capabilities) of manufacturing firms located in Ankara City on sustainable firm performance. In this context, data was collected via questionnaire technic through interviews with 400 firm managers and validity of the model was tested using partial least square method.. As a result, it was observed that dynamic resource-based capabilities had a direct and positive effect on sustainable firm performance.

WHEN CONDUCTING IN-LINE INSPECTIONS (ILIs) of trunk pipelines, pipe sections may be found with curvature exceeding the values required by specifications. An out-of-spec bend in pipe sections leads to the pipeline operating in conditions of increased stress-strain state, which does not comply with regulatory requirements. Where sections with out-of-spec curvature are found, repair works are carried out in order to return them to a state which complies with specifications. The priority shall be given to a method which does not involve cutting into the pipeline. In order to develop the project of the pipeline repair and to predict the stress-strain state during repairs and in subsequent operation, it is necessary to create design schemes which take into account the actual operating conditions of the pipeline, data from ILI, and the reasons why out-of-spec curvature formed at the section. In this article, an algorithm is proposed for the development of design schemes which describe the actual curvature of pipeline sections before repair, while repair works are carried out, and after they are finished. The methodology is based on a set of design scheme parameters, which allow a combination to be obtained, including both the design curvature and the actual pipeline section curvature according to ILI data. Design schemes for various situations where an out-of-spec curvature has formed were developed using actual data from ILI.

Seyahat acentalarında lojistik performans faktörlerinin değerlendirilmesi ve bu değerlendirmelere göre gerekli düzeltmelerin ve iyileştirmelerin yapılması önem arz eden bir konu olarak düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Giresun ili’ndeki seyahat acentalarında lojistik performans faktörleri değerlendirilmiş ve en ideal seyahat acentası seçimi yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla lojistik performans unsurlarının belirleyicisi olan kriterlerin ağırlıkları DEMATEL yöntemi ile tespit edilmiştir. Daha sonra, GİA yöntemiyle en ideal seyahat acentası seçimi yapılarak sıralanmıştır. Yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda, lojistik performans unsurlarından en önemlisinin “Seyahat Hizmet Kalitesi” olduğu, GİA (Gri İlişkisel Analiz) yöntemi ile elde edilen sonuçta ise en ideal seyahat acentasının “Firma D” olduğu saptanmıştır. Evaluation of logistics performance factors in travel agencies and making necessary corrections and improvements are considered to be an important issue. In this study, travel agencies logistics performance factors were evaluated in Giresun province and the most ideal travel agency was selected. For this purpose, the weights of the criteria which are the determinants of the logistic performance were determined by DEMATEL method. Then, the most appropriate travel agency was selected by the GRA method and sorted. As a result of the evaluation, it was found that “Travel Service Quality edil was the most important logistics factor and itesi Firm D lojistik was the most ideal travel agency obtained by GIA (Gray Relational Analysis) method.

Recently, food safety which has become one of the decisive factor in demand for all food products, is becoming a major concern due to increasing sensitivity of consumers to food production and consumption. As honey is produced and marketed on more uncontrolled conditions, which is relatively different from other agricultural products, the food safety issue is becoming more intense. In this study, it is examined what kind of applications are applied in food safety in bee products in Turkey. In the second part of the study, it is aimed to determine the importance of food safety in honey consumption of urban consumers in Nigde province based on the primary data and to put consumer's consciousness in this subject. For this purpose, it was conducted a survey by interviewing face to face with 286 consumers. In the study, besides basic statistical methods, univariate analysis of variance and factor analysis method were also used to determine the effective factors in purchasing according to income groups. As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a great lack of confidence in the quality of honey in purchasing from the market due to both the concern of sugar added fraudulent honey and residual problem by consumers. For this reason, consumers prefer to buy honey from directly producers rather than market. In addition, consumers are more likely to believe that honey is less safety than in previous years. Health consciousness is an important factor in consumers purchasing honey and health and quality consciousness develops positively especially as the income level of consumers’ increases.

Introduction In this study it is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of smoking, factors affecting smoking status, and the attitudes of the elementary school students towards the smoking prohibition law which was approved in July 2009, in city. Materials and Methods The universe of this descriptive study was 6th-7th-8th class, 8236 urban and 4937 semi-urban, total 13.173 elementary schools students in city center. Study population was determined on the basis of a previous study in which the smoking trial prevalence was found 17.5%, 831 students in 6 urban 3 semi-urban, total 9 schools were chosen randomly. A questionnaire was prepared investigating smoking status, the effects of smoking and family history. Among the 9 chosen schools, the questionnaire was applied to 615 students. SPSS 14.0 statistical package was used. Result Forty-seven percentages of the students were female. Prevalence of smoking trial was found 23.5% (16% in urban, 35% in semi-urban schools) while the prevalence of smoking was 7.1% (1.7% in urban, 15.7% in semi-urban schools). Mean age of first smoking trial was 10.04 ± 2.3. The smoking prohibition law was supported by 86.6% of the students, the warnings on the cigarette package was thought to be effective by 43.3% students and 35.2% of the students were exposed to passive smoke. Male gender, social status, education level of the family, smoker family member or close friends were found to be important risk factors for smoking prevalence of the students. Conclusions The early onset of smoking should guide the smoking struggle be concentrated in elementary school especially in semi-urban areas where the smoking prevalence is high.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, lojistik iş ve işlemlerin yoğun olarak gerçekleştirildiği Samsun ilinde soğuk zincir taşımacılığı yapan firmalarda lojistik risk kriterlerinin tespit edilmesi ve lojistik risk yönetiminde kullanılan araçların sıralanmasını gerçekleştirmektir. Bu doğrultuda AHP-VIKOR bütünleşik yaklaşımı ile değerlendirmeler yapılmış ve soğuk zincir taşımacılığı yapan firmalardan, akademisyenlerden, lojistik hizmet sağlayıcılardan 25 uzman görüşü alınmıştır. İlk aşamada gerçekleştirilen AHP sonuçlarına göre lojistik risk kriterlerinin en önemlisi “Ambalajlama Riskleri” ana kriteri olmuş ve onu sırası ile; “Taşıma Kaynaklı Riskler”, “Organizasyonel Riskler”, “Satın Alma Riskleri” ve “Envanter Kaynaklı Riskler” takip etmiştir. İkinci aşamada ise VIKOR yöntemi ile lojistik risk yönetiminde kullanılan araçların sıralanması yapılmıştır. Buna göre en ideal araç “İstatistiksel Süreç Kontrolü” olarak belirlenmiştir. The aim of this study is to identify the logistic risk factors in companies which are carrying out cold chain transportation in Samsun province where logistics work and transactions are performed intensively and to perform the sorting of the tools used in logistic risk management. In this regard, an evaluation has been carried out via integrated AHP-VIKOR approach and 25 experts opinions have been received from companies that carry out cold chain transportation, academicians, and logistics service providers. According to the AHP results in the first stage, the most important logistic risk elements has been the “Packaging Risks” and this criterion followed by “Transportation Risks”, “Organizational Risks”, “Purchasing Risks” and “Inventory Risks”, respectively. In the second stage, the tools used in logistics risk management have been ranked by VIKOR method. Accordingly, the most ideal tool has been determined as “Statistical Process Control”.

Bu çalışmada işletmeler için büyük önem arz eden stratejik insan kaynakları yönetiminin önemli yaklaşımlarından yetenek yönetiminin örgütsel sinizm üzerindeki etkisinde örgüt kültürünün düzenleyici rolünü belirlemektir. Çalışma örgütlerin stratejik amaç ve hedeflerine ulaşmak için büyük önem arz eden yetenek yönetimi uygulamalarının örgütsel sinizm gibi negatif tutum ve davranışlar üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide örgüt kültürünün düzenleyici bir role sahip olup olmadığının belirlenmesi sureti ile yöneticilere ve uygulayıcılara deneysel bulgular üzerinden aydınlatıcı bilgiler sunmaktadır. Çalışmanın örneklemi Aksaray ilinde kamu sektöründe hizmet veren Maliye Bakanlığı Defterdarlık çalışanlarından (N=100) oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen veriler ile bağımlı, bağımsız ve düzenleyici değişkenlerin birbiriyle olan ilişkisi kurulan araştırma modeli ile incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda yetenek yönetiminin örgütsel sinizmi negatif ve anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Yine örgüt kültürünün bağımlı ve bağımsız değişkenin ilişkisinde düzenleyici rol oynadığı belirlenmiştir. Moderating role of organizational culture on effect of talent management to organizational cynicism which is crucial for strategic human resource management, It provides enlightening information to administrators and practitioners through empirical findings by determining whether talent management practices, which are crucial to achieving strategic goals and objectives of organizations, have an effect on negative attitudes and behaviors such as organizational cynicism and whether this influential organization has a moderating role. The sample of the study is composed of the Ministry of Finance Defterdarlık employees (N = 100) who serve in the public sector in Aksaray. The relation between the obtained data and dependent, independent and moderating variables was investigated with the research model. As a result of the research, it has been determined that talent management negatively and significantly effects organizational cynicism. It has also been determined that organizational culture plays a moderating role in relation to dependent and independent variables.

Human resources is one of the most important factors affecting production and costs for enterprises. Human resources is the most difficult controllable factor of the production process due to its complex structure. For this reason, motivation is a concept that directs people working in production to a specific purpose and indirectly reduces costs by increasing productivity. In this study, with the help of the forest enterprises operating in Gümüşhane province, it was tried to determine the motivation status of the employees, lack of motivation and the subjects they were satisfied with. In addition, the relationships between the motivations of the employees and some personal characteristics such as age, gender, income, education, duration of service and marital status were also examined. As a result, the forest enterprises operating in Gumushane province have the motivation of their employees; management-employee relationship, health problems, wages, the nature of work and working conditions, the relationship with colleagues, promotion / promotion has emerged as a significant impact. Also, it was determined that the motivation of the employees did not differ according to the gender and marital status variables while the age groups, education level, income, number of children, total working time in the enterprises and working time in the enterprise varied., Günümüzişletmelerinde üretim ve maliyetleri etkileyen en temel etkenlerin başındainsan faktörü gelmektedir. İnsan karmaşık yapısı dolayısı ile üretim sürecininen güç kontrol edilebilen faktörüdür Bu sebeple motivasyon, üretimde çalışankişileri belirli bir amaca yönlendiren ve verimliliği artırarak dolaylı olarakmaliyetleri düşüren bir kavramdır. Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane ilinde faaliyettebulunan orman işletmeleri örneği yardımıyla işletme çalışanlarının motivasyondurumları; motivasyon eksiklikleri ve tatmin oldukları konular açısındanbelirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Ayrıca çalışanların motivasyonları ile yaş,cinsiyet, gelir, eğitim, hizmet süresi ve medeni durum gibi bazı kişiselözellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler de incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Gümüşhaneilinde faaliyette bulunan orman işletmeleri çalışanlarının motivasyonunu; yönetim-çalışanilişkisi, sağlık problemleri, ücret, işin niteliği ve çalışma koşuları, çalışmaarkadaşlarıyla olan ilişki, terfi/yükselme gibi faktörlerin önemli orandaetkilediği ortaya çıkmıştır. Ayrıca çalışanların motivasyonunun yaş grupları,eğitim düzeyi, gelir, çocuk sayısı, işletmelerdeki toplam çalışma süresi vemevcut işletmedeki çalışma süresi değişkenlerine göre farklılaşırken, cinsiyetve medeni durum değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmadığı belirlenmiştir.

İnsan kaynağı, işletmelerde sürdürülebilir rekabeti sağlamada ve stratejiler doğrultusunda hareket etmede çok önemli bir yere sahiptir. İşletme, amaçlarını gerçekleştirirken insan kaynakları fonksiyonlarından, özellikle performans değerlendirmeden yararlanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, performans değerlendirmesinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ile performans değerlendirme hatalarının ne olduğunu ve hangi performans değerlendirme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığını belirlemektir. Bu çalışma nitel bir araştırmadır. Veri toplama tekniği olarak yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini Kocaeli İlinde sanayi ve hizmet sektöründe faaliyet gösteren işletmeler oluşturmaktadır. Örnek kütleyi araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan işletmeler oluşturmuştur. Veri analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada; işletmelerde klasik ve çağdaş performans değerlendirme yöntemlerinin aynı oranda uygulandığı tespit edilmiştir. Human resources have a very important place in maintaining sustainable competition in the business and acting in the direction of the strategies. The enterprise benefits from its human resources functions while performing its objectives, especially without evaluating performance. The purpose of this article is to determine the problems encountered in performance evaluation, what performance evaluation faults are, and which performance evaluation methods are used. This study is a qualitative research. Semi-structured interview technique was used as data collection technique. The universe of research in Kocaeli and businesses operating in the industrial and service sectors. Business participating voluntarily to research the sample. The results were obtained by using content analysis method in data analysis. In the research; it has been determined that the classical and contemporary performance evaluation methods are applied in the same way in business.

THE MAIN GOAL of in-line inspection (ILI) is (according to the seven basic ILI quality metrics [1]) to correctly detect, locate, and identify all types of defects present in a pipeline and to size them in a fashion which allows statistical assessment of their true sizes. If achieved, the last fact opens the door widely to meaningful usage of the most sophisticated methods of structural mechanics (which were developed spending worldwide billions of $$$ but not used yet to its fullest in the pipeline industry) and obtaining most-accurate values possible of pipeline residual strength, probability of failure, and residual lifetime. This, in its turn, permits using predictive-maintenance technology in pipeline operation, introducing optimal inspections and repair logistics, and maximizing the long-term utility of the asset (in our case, the pipeline system). The paper describes the methodology developed by the authors of a holistic innovative approach to ILI data generation and data management, which dramatically increases ILI inspection capabilities. This methodology, to a large extent, decreases the existing uncertainties and minimizes scatter of the input parameters and, thereby, makes predictions based on ILI data less conservative. As a result, this permits creation of safe solutions and avoidance of dangerous errors in predictions which include assessment of pipeline inspection frequency and safety margins. According to the API 1163 Standard [2], the ILI measurement results are characterized by three parameters of statistical nature: tolerance, certainty, and the confidence level. Tolerance is the range with which an anomaly dimension or characteristic is sized or characterized, and certainty is the probability that a reported anomaly characteristic is within a stated tolerance. Confidence level is a statistical term used to describe the mathematical certainty with which a statement is made, and indicates the confidence with which the tolerance and certainty levels are satisfied. The paper discusses the statistical sources of these probabilities and how they should be interpreted and handled. The paper contains recommendations on how to approach different practical problems, and illustrates each case with real-life examples.

The functional properties of the conjunction ili ‘or’ are quite well studied and discussed in grammars and number of specific studies. However, they were not subjected to multivariate quantitative analysis. The paper proposes this kind of analysis, carried out according to six parameters: i) logical-semantic relation expressed by the conjunction, ii) syntactic structure of the text fragment introduced by it, iii) position of the conjunction in this text fragment, iv) order of the text fragments connected by it, v) status of ili in the context (cf. its use as a particle mentioned in MAS), vi) disposition of the elements that make up the multiword connectives (cf. ili ... ili prosto ‘or ... or just’). The analysis of the formal variants of ili, carried out using the Supracorpora database of connectives, made it possible to formulate the conclusions that follow and to confirm them with quantitative data. i) Always occupying the initial position in the text fragment introduced by him, ili is used mainly as a connective. ii) The most typical order of text fragments for formal variants with ili is the p CNT q scheme. iii) By its syntactic characteristics ili is directly opposite to i ‘and’: ili is used in written texts in most cases for a non-predicative coordination. iv) Formal variants with ili express the relation of alternative at all three semantic levels (propositional, illocutive, metalinguistic), as well as the relations of substitution, correction, and negative alternative, but with a clear predominance of propositional alternative. v) Ili forms multiword and two- and multicomponent connectives; their composition varies depending on the relation expressed by them.

Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China in December 2019 has led to a pandemic. Influenza and coronaviruses are known to show cross-reactive immunity. Therefore, we hypothesized that influenza vaccination may provide a protective effect against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We investigated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in flu vaccinated and unvaccinated ILI cases by real time PCR, followed by confirmation of evolutionary and spatial relationships using next generation sequencing (NGS). Results: Out of 739 nasopharyngeal specimens collected from November 2019 to March 2020, we found 37 samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA mostly during February 2020. We observed that the overall incidence of ILI cases during 2019-2020 influenza season was considerably higher than previous years and was gradually replaced with SARS-CoV-2 which indicated a slow transmission among ambulatory patients. NGS data confirmed independent introductions and transmission earlier than previously thought. Phylogenetic reconstruction of representative isolates showed clustering in the GH clade which is characterized by two amino acid changes in spike gene (D614G) and NS3 (Q57H). Shortness of breath was significantly lower (p = 0.04) in the ILI cases with the history of influenza vaccination suggesting a protective effect of the influenza vaccine, at least in part, on COVID-19 disease outcomes. Conclusions: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 among ILI patients shows the importance of flu vaccination and ILI surveillance system and warrants their further strengthening to mitigate the ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and to guide policy makers to optimize public health interventions. Funding Statement: This work was supported by the Research Center at King Fahad Medical city (Grant No 20- 066). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at King Fahad Medical City (IRB Log No. 19-477 approved on 25 September 2019) for influenza vaccine effectiveness study, started from 7 November 2019. When COVID-19 pandemic started, the collection of samples stopped on the 2nd of March 2020. To screen those samples for SARS-CoV-2, we applied for another IRB (Log No. 20-161 approved on 23 March 2020).

Water is the most important resource for human life. Not only for households, but water also has an important role in agricultural activities. An irrigation system with the local wisdom of the local community is present to support the sustainability of rice fields which has been known for a long time. But today, water is becoming an expensive commodity that is always commercialized. Water has also been a source of conflict in some places. In Temanggung Regency, local people know the existence of ili-ili, an informal institution that plays a role in regulating the irrigation for rice fields during the dry season. Not only for agricultural rice fields, but ili-ili also regulates the distribution of water to households fairly and without conflict. However, recently no more young people have continued these democratic and fair water management systems. This article uses the historical method, which emphasizes sources analysis and observations. This study proposes a solution to support the continuity of the traditional institution. The local government needs to support by making the water regulators part of the village government so that each community are able to enjoy the water together without causing new conflicts.

Objective: Theaim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in Akyurt ofAnkara.MaterialandMethods: 200pregnant women who were accepted to participate in study were form our study.Pregnant women with multiple pregnancies, known hematologic or chronic disease wereexcluded from the study. The questionnaire was read during the telephone interviewand the answers of the geologists were noted. The values of hemoglobin and hematocritconsistent with pregnancy trimester were noted retrospectively from the AkyurtState Hospital system.Findings: Meanageof pregnants was 26.84 ± 5.64 (min: 16, max: 42). 41.5% (n = 83) of pregnants were detected as in 1. trimester(1-14 weeks), 46% (n = 92) of them werein 2. trimester (15-27 weeks), 12.5% (n = 25) of them were in 3. trimester(28-40 weeks). Anemia rates were 5.7%, 8.8% and 14.9%, respectively, according tothe 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. When all the gestations were examined,it was determined that 13.15% of the pregnants were anemic. There was astatistically significant difference between anemia status of pregnant women andconsumption of tea, red meat and offal and the case of being pregnant more frequently than2 years (p, Amaç: Buçalışma, Ankara İli Akyurt bölgesindeki gebelerde anemi sıklığını ve etkileyenfaktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tamamlayıcıolarak yapılan araştırmamızı, 01.03.2016-01.04.2016 tarihleri arasında Ankaraili Akyurt bölgesinde yaşayan, mevcut 7 tane aile hekimliği birimine kayıtlı, çalışmamızakatılmayı kabul eden 200 gebe oluşturmuştur. Bilinen hematolojik veya kronikhastalığı olan, çoğul gebeliğe sahip gebeler çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır. Çalışmayakatılmayı kabul eden gebelere, literatür bilgilerine dayanarak hazırlamışolduğumuz anket formu telefon görüşmesi esnasında okunarak gebelerin cevaplarınot edilmiştir. Gebelerin trimesterine göre uyumlu hemoglobin ve hematokritdeğeri retrospektif olarak Akyurt Devlet Hastanesi sistemine bakılarak notedilmiştir.Bulgular:Gebelerin yaş ortalaması 26.84 ±5.64 (min: 16;max:42) olarak saptandı. Gebelergebelik haftasına göre 3 gruba ayrıldı. Gebelerin %12.5’i (n=25) 1. trimester (1-14hafta), %41.5’i (n=83) 2. trimester (15-27 hafta), %46’sı (n=92) 3. trimesterde (28-40 hafta)olarak tespit edildi. Gebelerin 1, 2 ve 3.trimesterlere göre anemi oranlarısırasıyla % 5.7, % 8.8 ve % 14.9 bulunmuştur. Tüm gebelerebakıldığında ise gebelerin % 13.15‘inin anemik olduğu saptanmıştır. Gebelerinanemi durumu ile çay, kırmızı et ve sakatat tüketimi arasında istatistikselolarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmaktadır (p

In-Line inspection (ILI) tools consisting of combined sensor technologies provide a unique opportunity for operators to understand the conditions of pipelines. There is also an additional opportunity to contrast and validate individual sensing techniques against each other when their functionalities and purposes overlap. By using multi-technologies ILI measurements for strain, a pipeline operator can gain further insight into the pipeline strain behavior at any point along the length of the inspection. This paper establishes the relationship between ILI axial strain measurement tool data and conventional geometric strain data obtained from inertial measurement unit (IMU) based on data collected during in-service inspection of a 12″ liquid pipeline. Within any pipeline section, the tool configuration with circumferentially spaced strain sensors allows the use of appropriate analysis techniques to decompose the longitudinal strain into its primary components (axial, bending and out of roundness). The axial strain measurement tool sensing system provides an indirect measurement of bending strain that can be compared to the geometric measurement of bending strain determined from the pipeline trajectory as determined from the IMU analysis. Flexural bending strain resulting from horizontal directional drilling (HDD) is investigated in this paper. Convergences and divergences between the measurement techniques are presented. Data available from different strain technologies mounted on ILI tools offers an opportunity to conduct a comparative study and to provide a better understanding of a pipeline’s strain condition. This paper will present the framework for understanding the different strain measurement technologies and an investigation into the pipeline prior strain history (effects from fabrication, hydrostatic testing and external loads) and their corresponding impact on the material state at the time of inspection.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sertifikalı tohum kullanımına etki eden sosyo-ekonomik faktörlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu faktörlerin belirlenmesi ile çiftçilerin gelir düzeyinin ve dolaysıyla refahının yükseltilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Ayrıca, sertifikalı tohum kullanımın arttırılmasıyla kaliteli buğday üretiminin elde edilmesi ve hububat sanayinin gelişmesine katkı sağlaması istenmektedir. Çalışmada, üreticilerin sertifikalı tohum kullanımına ilişkin görüşleri sosyo-ekonomik değişkenler bakımından incelenmiştir. Araştırma alanı olarak, sertifikalı tohum kullanımın yaygın olduğu (yaklaşık %20) Ankara ili seçilmiştir. Örnekleme hacminin belirlenmesinde arazi genişliği dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışmanın birincil verileri 318 üreticiden anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır. İkincil veriler tarımsal kuruluşlardan sağlanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, sertifikalı buğday tohumunun benimsenme oranı %58.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Üreticilerin %90.6’sı verilen tohum desteğinin yeterli olmadığını, %88.7’sinin ise tohum fiyatlarının yüksek olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Araştırma alanında uygun alternatif tohum çeşitlerinin olduğunu belirten üreticilerin oranı %83.6’dır. Üreticilerin eğitim düzeyinin, desteklerin yeterliliği ve tohum fiyatlarına ilişkin görüşleri üzerinde önemli etkiye sahip (p, The aim of this study is to determine the socio-economic factors affecting the use of certified seeds. By determining these factors, it is aimed to increase the income level and thus the welfare of farmers. In addition, by increasing the use of certified seeds, it is desired to obtain quality wheat production and contribute to the development of the grain industry. In the study, producers' opinions on certified seed use were examined in terms of socio-economic variables. As a research area, Ankara province, where certified seed use is common (approximately 20%), was chosen. Land size was taken into account in determining the sampling volume. The primary data of the study were collected by questionnaire method from 318 manufacturers. Secondary data was obtained from agricultural organizations. According to the results of the research, the rate of adoption of certified wheat seed was determined as 58.7%. 90.6% of the producers stated that the seed support given was not sufficient and 88.7% of the seed prices were high. The rate of producers stating that there are suitable alternative seed varieties in the research area is 83.6%. It has been determined that the training level of the producers has a significant impact (p

Kuvat, Özlem (Balikesir Author), The enterprises within the cattle sector, which holds an important place in the development of agriculture and animal husbandry sector, have to make decisions about their production frequently. These farm animals are categorized into three categories: dairy, meat and combined (meat and dairy). In line with these characteristics, business owners make production with their chosen animals. Enterprises face problems as a result of irregularities in the market, supply and demand imbalance, insufficient research by the investors and breeding of farmers towards breeds that are not suitable for their purposes. In this study, it was aimed to determine which breed would be appropriate for the breeding enterprises. This study was carried out in Balıkesir Province due to its high production potential in terms of agriculture and animal husbandry. Karesi District, which has an important share in production in Balıkesir Province, has been considered as the application area. In the study, between 50-100 and over 100 bovine farms are considered. In this study, important criteria were determined for enterprises and comparison of these criteria was provided. A hierarchical system was used to compare the criterias “Vital Characteristics”, “Milk Yield Characteristics” and “Meat Yield Characteristics”, according to the opinions of business owners or managers, and to select the most suitable alternative. According to the established decision model; Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used in order to determine the criteria priorities and Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method was used to sort the alternatives., Tarım ve hayvancılık sektörünün gelişmesinde önemli bir yer tutan büyük baş hayvancılık sektörü içinde yer alan işletmeler yaptıkları üretimle ilgili sık sık karar almak durumunda kalmaktadır. Bu işletmelerde yetiştirilen kültür ırkları süt, et ve kombine (et ve süt) ırklar olarak üç kategoride sınıflandırılmaktadır. İşletme sahipleri bu özellikler doğrultusunda seçim yaptıkları ırk üzerinden üretim yapmaktadırlar. Piyasada meydana gelen düzensizlikler, arz talep dengesizliği, yatırımcıların yetersiz araştırma yapmaları ve yetiştiricilerin amaçlarına uygun olmayan ırklar üzerine yönelmeleri sonucunda işletmeler sorunlar yaşamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada büyükbaş hayvan yetiştiren işletmelerin hangi ırka yönelik seçimler yapmasının uygun olabileceğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma tarım ve hayvancılık açısından yüksek üretim potansiyelinin bulunmasından dolayı Balıkesir İlinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balıkesir İli içerisinde üretimde önemli bir payı bulunan Karesi İlçesi uygulama bölgesi olarak dikkate alınmıştır. Çalışmada 50-100 arası ve 100 üstü büyükbaş hayvan varlığına sahip olan işletmeler dikkate alınmıştır. İşletmeler için önemli kriterler belirlenmiş ve bu kriterlerin kıyaslanması sağlanmıştır. İşletme sahiplerinin ya da yöneticilerin kendi düşünceleri doğrultusunda “Yaşamsal Özellikler”, Süt Verimi Özellikleri” ve “Et Verimi Özellikleri” kriterleri açısından kıyaslama yapması ve en uygun alternatifin seçilmesi için hiyerarşik bir sistem kullanılmıştır. Kurulan karar modeline göre; kriter önceliklerinin belirlenmesinde AHP Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi (AHP) ve alternatiflerin sıralanmasında Oran Analizi Temeline Dayalı Çok Amaçlı Optimizasyon (MOORA) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır

Hatay İli Sağlık Bakanlığı hastanelerinin 2008-2017 yıllarıarasında finansal performansları oran analizi yöntemi kullanılarak ölçülmüştür.Çalışmanın evrenini Hatay Büyükşehir Belediyesi sınırları içerisindeki İlSağlık Müdürlüğüne bağlı toplamda 9 hastane oluşturmaktadır. Oran analiziyöntemi kullanılarak, evrendeki kamu hastanelerinin kamu hastane birliklerinebağlanılmadan önceki ve bağlanıldıktan sonraki finansal performansları yıllaritibariyle analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Hastanelerin likidite, faaliyet, maliyapı ve karlılık durumlarını gösteren 21 oran anahtar finansal oran olarakdeğerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; hastanelerin likitvarlıklarının yetersizliği, kısa vadeli yabancı kaynak kullanımının arttığı,stoklarının fazlalığı ve hastanelerin zarar eğiliminde oldukları görülmektedir.Bu çalışmanın sağlık yönetiminde bulunanlara planlama ve politikageliştirmelerinde önemli ipuçları sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir., Financial performance of Hatayprovincial health department hospitals in 2008-2017 was measured by using ratioanalysis method. The universe of the study consists of nine hospitals connectedto the provincial health directorate within the borders of Hatay MetropolitanMunicipality. Using the ratio analysis method, it is tried to analyze thefinancial status of public hospitals in the universe by years before notconnecting and after connecting to public hospital associations. Twenty-oneproportion of the hospitals' liquidity, operating, financial structure, andprofitability status are considered as key financial ratios. According toresults of the ratio analysis; hospitals lack of liquid assets, increased useof short-term liabilities, excess stocks, and hospitals trends to loss. It isthought that this study will provide important clues to health managementactors in planning and policy development.

To facilitate the advances in Sentinel-2A products for land cover from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat imagery, Sentinel-2A MultiSpectral Instrument Level-1C (MSIL1C) images are investigated for large-scale vegetation mapping in an arid land environment that is located in the Ili River delta, Kazakhstan. For accurate classification purposes, multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) based extended object-guided morphological profiles (EOMPs) are proposed and then compared with conventional morphological profiles (MPs), MPs with partial reconstruction (MPPR), object-guided MPs (OMPs), OMPs with mean values (OMPsM), and object-oriented (OO)-based image classification techniques. Popular classifiers, such as C4.5, an extremely randomized decision tree (ERDT), random forest (RaF), rotation forest (RoF), classification via random forest regression (CVRFR), ExtraTrees, and radial basis function (RBF) kernel-based support vector machines (SVMs) are adopted to answer the question of whether nested dichotomies (ND) and ensembles of ND (END) are truly superior to direct and error-correcting output code (ECOC) multiclass classification frameworks. Finally, based on the results, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) the superior performance of OO-based techniques over MPs, MPPR, OMPs, and OMPsM is clear for Sentinel-2A MSIL1C image classification, while the best results are achieved by the proposed EOMPs, 2) the superior performance of ND, ND with class balancing (NDCB), ND with data balancing (NDDB), ND with random-pair selection (NDRPS), and ND with further centroid (NDFC) over direct and ECOC frameworks is not confirmed, especially in the cases of using weak classifiers for low-dimensional datasets, 3) from computationally efficient, high accuracy, redundant to data dimensionality and easy of implementations points of view, END, ENDCB, ENDDB, and ENDRPS are alternative choices to direct and ECOC frameworks, 4) surprisingly, because in the ensemble learning (EL) theorem, &ldquo, weaker&rdquo, classifiers (ERDT here) always have a better chance of reaching the trade-off between diversity and accuracy than &ldquo, stronger&rdquo, classifies (RaF, ExtraTrees, and SVM here), END with ERDT (END-ERDT) achieves the best performance with less than a 0.5% difference in the overall accuracy (OA) values, but is 100 to 10000 times faster than END with RaF and ExtraTrees, and ECOC with SVM while using different datasets with various dimensions, and, 5) Sentinel-2A MSIL1C is better choice than the land cover products from MODIS and Landsat imagery for vegetation species mapping in an arid land environment, where the vegetation species are critically important, but sparsely distributed.

Land-use suitability assessment is an important step in land use planning for urban development. We propose a GIS-based soft computing approach (GSC), which is a combination of two multi-criteria analysis methods, i.e., the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method and the logic scoring of preference (LSP) method, to evaluate and map land-use suitability for urban development in Ili Valley, China. The evaluation uses 13 factors as suitability criteria for urban development. These factors are related to the topography and geology, socio-economic feasibility, ecological restrictions, and prohibitive constraints. Based on the final suitability results, Ili Valley was classified using five suitability levels: highly suitable, suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable. By comparing seven preference decision coefficient (α) scenarios, we determined that the area of the land that is highly suitable for urban development decreases, and the area of the marginally suitable land increases with increasing α. All of the scenarios show that approximately 32.6% of the land area is not suitable. Among the seven scenarios, the policy orientation of three of the scenarios was an urban expansion policy orientation (α = 0.5), a balanced policy orientation (α = 1), and an ecological protection policy orientation (α = 2). The result of the policy orientation analysis of urban development can be used as an urban development boundary for different development preferences and stages. The local land-use planning was evaluated by overlaying its planned urban development zones with the areas of the resultant suitability map. Specific recommendations are presented for the scale and timing of urban development in Ili Valley.

We describe how high-volume electronic healthcare reimbursement claims from providers' offices and retail pharmacies can be used to provide timely and accurate influenza-like illness (ILI) situational awareness at state and CBSA levels. We focused on the 2006-2010 influenza seasons and the 39 CBSAs in the State of GA. A sufficient proportion of claims for services within any 7-day service period can be accumulated from both providers' offices and retail pharmacies to generate useful CBSA-level ILI metrics, dispelling the common perception that claims data accumulate too slowly to be useful for public health decision making in sub-state geographic areas.

The Italian Navigation Code has transposed the practices developed at international level, in particular in international contracts for the ‘’locazione’’ and ‘’noleggio’’ of ships, distinguishing between the ship lease, from the one side, and the charter, from the other. The latter, in particular, consists of voyage charter and time charter. However, the Italian discipline differs in several respects from the contract types developed at international level. As for pleasure vessels, a specific regime lacked until the Law of 11 February 1971, No 50. The great development of this sector (which was previously considered limited to the use of pleasure vessels only for personal purposes), in particular of the entrepreneurial use of these vessels, furthered the draft and enactment, in 2005, of the Pleasure Navigation Code (Law of 18 July 2005, No 171), providing for a more comprehensive regime, however still not covering all the issues and aspects of pleasure navigation. The Code provides for a special regime of the contracts for the lease and charter of pleasure vessels: this article provides a review of the regime of these contracts provided by the Italian Pleasure Navigation Code, with regard also to its relationship with the Navigation Code and the Civil Code. The Code’s provisions are also examined with reference to standard contracts developed at the international level., Talijanski Pomorski zakonik preuzima postojeću međunarodnu praksu, osobito u pogledu međunarodnih ugovora za iskorištavanje brodova, razlikujući ugovor o zakupu broda od brodarskih ugovora na vrijeme i na putovanje. Međutim, talijanska praksa razlikuje se u nekoliko aspekata u odnosu na tipove ugovora razvijene na međunarodnoj razini. Do donošenja Zakona br. 50 od 11. veljače 1971. nije postojalo posebno pravno uređenje u pogledu plovila za razonodu. Snažan razvoj ove pomorske grane (koja se prethodno smatrala ograničenom na privatnu uporabu plovila za razonodu), te osobito iskorištavanje plovila za razonodu u komercijalne svrhe, potaknulo je izradu i donošenje 2005. godine Zakona o rekreacijskoj plovidbi (Zakon br. 171 od 18. srpnja 2005.) koji predviđa sveobuhvatniji režim, ali još uvijek u potpunosti ne obuhvaća sva pitanja i aspekte rekreacijske plovidbe. Zakon predviđa poseban pravni okvir za ugovore o zakupu i najmu plovila za razonodu. Ovaj članak daje pregled uređenja ovih ugovora prema talijanskom Zakonu o rekreacijskoj plovidbi s osvrtom na Pomorski i Građanski zakonik. Zakonske odredbe se analiziraju s obzirom na standardne ugovore koji se primjenjuju na međunarodnoj razini.

Fabry disease is a rare X-linked inherited lysosomal storage disease affecting multiple organ systems, presenting in the central nervous system (CNS) as white matter lesions with underlying cerebral vasculopathy and autoinflammatory changes of the choroid plexus and leptomeninges. We present a young female patient (age 36 years) admitted to our department due to visual loss on the left eye. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed demyelinating lesions in the frontal and parietal lobe, periventricularly, in mesencephalon and right cerebellar hemisphere, and left optic neuritis; MR angiography was normal. Her medical history revealed renal dysfunction, hypothyroidism, and miscarriage in the 6th month of pregnancy due to eclampsia and Fabry disease in the family (mother). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed mild pleocytosis, normal blood brain barrier function and oligoclonal bands type 3. Visual evoked potentials showed prechiasmal dysfunction of the left optic nerve. Genetical testing for Fabry disease was positive (two heterozygous mutations), with decreased alpha galactosidase activity values and increased Lyso GB3 values. The patient received corticosteroid therapy (methylprednisolone) 1 g for 5 days, which led to regression of visual disturbances on the left eye. After this acute treatment, there was a question of definitive diagnosis and further treatment of the underlying cause. Considering renal dysfunction, miscarriage, arterial hypertension, positive genetic and biochemical testing for Fabry disease, as well as MRI findings showing lesions in posterior circulation, we concluded that the patient probably had Fabry disease with autoinflammatory changes in the CNS and should be treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Still, there was a question of optic neuritis on the left eye and positive oligoclonal bands favoring the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, further clinical and neuroradiological follow up was needed to distinguish multiple sclerosis and Fabry disease in this patient., Fabryjeva bolest je rijetka X vezana lizosomska bolest nakupljanja koja zahvaća više organskih sustava u organizmu, a u središnjem živčanom sustavu (SŽS) se prezentira kao lezije bijele tvari koje su posljedica vaskulopatije i autoimunih procesa na razini koroidnog pleksusa. U radu se prikazuje slučaj mlade žene (36 godina) koja je primljena na našu Kliniku zbog poremećaja vida na lijevom oku. Nalaz magnetske rezonance (MR) mozga je pokazao demijelinizacijske lezije u frontalnom i parijetalnom režnju, periventrikularno, u mezencefalonu, desnoj hemisferi malog mozga te optički neuritis lijevo. Nalaz MR angiografije mozga je bio uredan. U osobnoj anamnezi se doznaje da se bolesnica liječila zbog bubrežne insuficijencije, hipotireoze te da je u 6. mjesecu trudnoće imala spontani pobačaj uslijed eklampsije. U obiteljskoj anamnezi se doznaje da majka boluje od Fabryjeve bolesti. U analizi cerebrospinalnog likvora nađe se blaga pleocitoza, uredna funkcija krvnomoždane barijere te sinteza IgG unutar SŽS-a, oligoklonske vrpce tip 3. Vidni evocirani potencijali pokazali su disfunkciju prekjazmalno lijevo. Genetsko testiranje na Fabryjevu bolest pokazalo je pozitivan nalaz, 2 heterozigotne mutacije, smanjenu aktivnost alfa galaktosidaze te povišene vrijednosti Lyso GB3. Bolesnica je primila pulsnu kortikosteroidnu terapiju (metilprednisolon 1 g) kroz 5 dana, što je dovelo do regresije smetnji vida na lijevom oku. Nakon akutnog liječenja simptoma postavlja se pitanje konačne dijagnoze i dugoročnog liječenja. Uzimajući u obzir prisutnost bubrežne insuficijencije, eklampsiju u trudnoći uz spontani pobačaj, pozitivne rezultate genetskog testiranja i biokemijskih analiza za Fabryjevu bolest te nalaza MR mozga koji opisuje promjene dominantno u području stražnje cirkulacije zaključili smo da se u bolesnice najvjerojatnije radi o Fabryjevoj bolesti uz autoimune promjene u SŽS-u i da je bolesnicu potrebno liječiti enzimskom nadomjesnom terapijom. S obzirom na smetnje vida i nalaze pozitivnih oligoklonskih vrpci koji mogu govoriti i u prilog multiple skleroze potrebno je dalje pratiti bolesnicu klinički i neuroradiološki kako bi se postavila konačna dijagnoza.

In this text we will try to explain and recommend the ways in which security culture can be developed or promoted. Namely, within security studies this concept is most commonly represented as a means or analytical framework of understanding changes occurring in the security sphere over time. However, we would like to underscore the importance of viewing and applying security culture as an instrument of bringing about change, which could prove significant at a time (such as the present) when turbulent events are happening all over the world, carrying serious security implications. As well as analytical potential, the concept of security culture offers normative potential and in that regard it is important to determine all the mechanisms and factors that can contribute to its development and promotion. In this paper, we have chosen to present the role and significance of the national educational system, the establishment and development of standards, the introduction of a control mechanism and commitment. The elected mechanisms and/or factors are relevant as they satisfy he need for certain kinds of knowledge and skills, ensure that security measures, rules, procedures and expectations are followed and met, encourage behavior by which set values are up held ,and show long-term commitment to creating an open and trusting environment that is proactive and focused on reducing risks and threats to the well-being of all. U ovom tekstu pokušaćemo da objasnimo i preporučimo načine na koji se može razvijati ili unaprediti bezbednosna kultura. Naime, ovaj koncept se u studijama bezbednosti najčešće predstavlja kao sredstvo ili analitički okvir za razumevanje promena, koje se dešavaju u bezbednosnoj sferi tokom vremena. Međutim, želimo da naglasimo važnost razmatranja i primene bezbednosne kulture kao sredstva za stvaranje promena, što može biti značajno u (sadašnjem) trenutku turbulentnih dešavanja širom sveta, koji imaju naročite bezbednosne implikacije. Pored analitičkih mogućnosti, koncept bezbednosne kulture ima i normativne i u tom smislu je važno utvrditi koji sve mehanizmi pa i faktori mogu doprineti da se razvija i unapredi. Mi smo se u ovom radu opredelili da predstavimo ulogu i značaj sistema obrazovanja, uspostavljanje i razvijanje standarda, uvođenje mehanizma kontrole i obavezivanje i/ili posvećenost. Izabrani mehanizmi i/ili faktori su važni jer ispunjavaju/zadovoljavaju potrebu za određenim setom znanja i veština, obezbeđuju poštovanje bezbednosnih mera, pravila, procedura i očekivanja, utiču na ponašanje kojim se štite utvrđene vrednosti, a uz to pokazuju dugoročnu posvećenost kako bi se izgradilo otvoreno i poverljivo okruženje fokusirano i proaktivno prema smanjenju rizika i pretnji za dobrobit svih.

Pipelines are the very important energy transmission systems. Over time, pipelines can corrode. While corrosion could be detected by in-line inspection (ILI) tools, corrosion growth rate prediction in pipelines is usually done through corrosion rate models. For pipeline integrity management and planning selecting the proper corrosion ILI tool and also corrosion growth rate model is important and can lead to significant savings and safer pipe operation. In this paper common forms of pipeline corrosion, state of the art ILI tools, and also corrosion growth rate models are reviewed. The common forms of pipeline corrosion introduced in this paper are Uniform/General Corrosion, Pitting Corrosion, Cavitation and Erosion Corrosion, Stray Current Corrosion, Micro-Bacterial Influenced Corrosion (MIC). The ILI corrosion detection tools assessed in this study are Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), Circumferential MFL, Tri-axial MFL, and Ultrasonic Wall Measurement (UT). The corrosion growth rate models considered in this study are single-value corrosion rate model, linear corrosion growth rate model, non-linear corrosion growth rate model, Monte-Carlo method, Markov model, TD-GEVD, TI-GEVD model, Gamma Process, and BMWD model. Strengths and limitations of ILI detection tools, and also corrosion predictive models with some practical examples are discussed. This paper could be useful for those whom are supporting pipeline integrity management and planning.

Bu çalışma İstanbul ilinde faaliyet gösteren tekstil sektör işletmelerinin girişimci yönlülük, stratejik yönlülük ve performans ilişkisini belirlemeye yönelik görgül bir araştırmayı amaçlar. Girişimci yönlülük, stratejik yönlülük ve performans olarak üç boyutlu tasarlanan çalışmada anket yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Anket çalışması 400 işletmeyle yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Lisrel 8.7 istatistiki program yardımıyla doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve yapısal eşitlik model analizi ile test edilmiştir. Analizde araştırmada oluşturulan, her üç hipotez kabul edilmiş olup hipotezler sonucunda oluşturulan araştırma modeli tam olarak doğrulanmıştır. This study aims an empirical research to determine entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and performance relationship for textile firms that operate in Istanbul. Questionnaire method was used in the study that was organized in three layers as entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and performance. The created questionnaire was applied to 400 firms with face-to-face interview technic and the obtained data was analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model analysis were conducted in data analysis by using Lisrel 8.7 statistics package program. All of the three hypotheses were accepted and the research model that was created depending on the hypotheses was entirely verified.