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The urgency of the problems stated in the paper is conditioned by the need to develop and adopt a new concept of legislation, which would have fixed the starting positions and the principles of legal regulation of relations in the sphere of fuel and energy complex, including the forms of Russia's participation in international projects in the conditions of civilized market relations. The aim of the paper is to develop basic methods and techniques of energy legislation's systematization, which should be an integrated complex of the Russian Federation legislation, a set of normative legal acts regulating the relations arising in the sphere of organization and functioning of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian economy. The leading method to the study of this problem is the simulation method allowing addressing of this issue as a purposeful and organized process of systematization of energy legislation when activating it in an efficient integrated system. The authors conclude that the modernization of the regulatory framework in the energy sector should be carried out on the basis of the developed general economic and legal concept of energy development and energy legislation of modern Russia and must be based on the accumulated legislative experience of Russia and foreign countries, take into account the successful international practice in this area. The proposals made in the paper are aimed at improving the procedural forms of commercial justice in Russia, first of all--support of and use in the practice of pretrial forms of conflicts resolution, alternative forms, such as negotiations, mediation, arbitration courts, commercial arbitration, negotiations within trial to conclude settlement agreements, including with the use of experts and facilitators, as well as integration with the consent of the parties of simplified, expedited forms of proceedings in a relatively small and less complex cases.

The paper defines a complex of manager's qualities based on theoretical and methodological analysis and synthesis methods, available national and world literature, research papers and publications. The complex approach methodology was used, which provides an innovative view of the development of modern manager's qualities. The methodological background of the research are theoretical and methodological analysis and synthesis methods of available national and world literature, conceptual analysis of issue-related research papers and publications; study and generalization of both national and foreign developments and introduction of projects regarding actualization of manager's effective activity; the use of generalization, comparison, forecasting methods. The carried out research made it possible to distinguish a number of factors, which will have the major effect on managers' innovative entrepreneurial activities in the coming decade. Management as a social and economic phenomenon is under constant development--going to the future, and every efficient manager should accordingly improve himself. Therefore, today not only the level of professional training but such components of the profession as innovations and creativity, which are business advantages, important economic recourse and intensive economic development condition, become characteristic of manager's activity. They're defined as abilities to reveal and encourage employees' creative and innovative ideas. These aspects are reflected in the development of innovative business model of modern manager, each component of which is a key and independent element. Special attention is paid to the creative and innovative component of the suggested model. The suggested model might be used in order to create a manager's unique image and lead the company he manages to a long expected result.

Purpose: This paper aims to determine the influence of various enterprise characteristics on on-the-job training. The paper focuses mainly on identifying the influence of a firm's innovative activity, technological capacity for manufacturing and product market competition on its likelihood of having a training program and on training intensity. Design/methodology/approach: The authors administered a firm-level survey to a sample of 2,000 Russian enterprises. This survey includes questions about on-the-job training and key information about the companies' activities. Probit and ordered probit estimates are used in the statistical analyses. Findings: The results indicate that an enterprise's provision of training is determined largely by firm-specific factors, such as its innovative activity, technical and technological state of manufacturing and product market competition. The authors adopt two widely used measures of training: incidence and intensity. Innovative activity and the technical and technological state of manufacturing are decisive factors in explaining a firm's provision of training, as they have a strictly positive effect on both the incidence and the intensity of training. Product market competition has a positive effect on the incidence of training and a negative effect on the intensity of training. Originality/value: This paper is original because it assumes that the process of deciding whether to implement a training program at an enterprise and the corresponding proportion of employees involved in training is built on the presupposition that the training intensity decision is made in two stages. This paper is the first to present estimates of on-the-job training intensity based on data from Russian enterprises.

Recent surveys have indicated that the most difficult task for entrepreneurial structures is the selection and training of staffers whose qualities are in keeping with the realities of Russia. Contributing to this difficulty, according to this author, is the fact that the traditional forms and methods of training in colleges and universities are not only failing to foster but are in many ways inhibiting the development of the abilities that young people already had when they enrolled. Hence, the problem of searching for up-to-date forms of organizing the teaching and learning process in higher educational institutions takes on special urgency. In this paper, the author defines the basic qualities that are essential for entrepreneurial activity and presents proposals to revise the basic teaching process and the activities of college and university instructors.

The relevance of the research problem Urban district, management, trade, sales network is determined by the number of complex problems that exist in present Samara municipal retail trade system, which is manifested in the lack of regulation, a glut of sales area, and poorly developed infrastructure. The purpose of this article is to form a quantitative base for determining the municipal needs in the floor space. The leading method to study this problem is the method of empirical observations and mathematical modeling. The study results: the article contains the analysis of sales area availability on the example in the urban district and presents a quantitative method to determine predictive values for retail trade turnover. Practical significance: the paper is aimed to develop managerial decisions in the sphere of municipal trade regulation. [The page range (6796-6810) listed on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 6796-6809.]

The relevance of the chosen problem is caused by the necessity of finding a model of qualitative growth of specialists training in conditions when cuts in expenditure of the state budget allocated to education occurs annually. Besides, the development of technology inevitably leads to the expansion of the list of subspecialties employers need. The imbalance of demand and supply of labour in the labour market takes place in Russia today. This is due to consequence of inconsistencies between the structures of workforce development in the field of education and the structure of needs of the industries. With this purpose some new models of professional education have been investigated, one of which was dual (or practice-based) learning system. The aim of the study was to analyze and to form the basic principles and proposals on legal regulation of practice-based model of professional education. Methodology: empirical, comparative-historical, system analysis, structural-functional, statistical methods, and scientific methods of cognition are used in the study. Besides the dialectical method of cognition, which allows to consider the phenomena in their interrelation and development is used. The paper formulates the basic principles, benefits of practice-oriented model of professional training, the concept of social partnership in the field of education and forms of implementation of the model. Formed principles and proposals for improving the legislative framework in practice-based learning will help to implement this training model, which allows to overcome the imbalance of staffing requirements on the labour market.

Purpose: The paper aims to identify particular traits of the Russian context which condition two key enablers of organizational learning--organizational culture and transformational leadership. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on a literature review, the study determines management challenges by implementation of organizational learning in the Russian business context. Taking this into account, the authors suggest specific model of organizational learning which contains organizational learning processes, organizational culture oriented towards learning and transformational leadership. Empirical justification of this model is provided using a sample of more than 100 respondents. Partial least squares-analysis is applied to define structural relationships between the elements of proposed model. Findings: The study reveals the positive and significant influence of transformational leadership and an organizational culture on organizational learning processes. Moreover, transformational leadership is shown to have a positive impact on an organizational culture, confirming the hypothesis regarding the pivotal role of leaders in the Russian business context. Research limitations/implications: The findings of this study can assist managers doing business in Russia to improve organizational learning processes. The size of the sample appears to be the main limitation of this study. Questions that might also be addressed in additional research concern the influence of organizational learning on the performance of Russian companies. Originality/value: The paper contributes to a better understanding of the barriers and stimuli exacted on organizational learning and provides empirical evidence of organizational learning practices of Russian companies.

The late 20th century was an era of social, economic, technological, and political change, resulting in significant shifts in the perception of enlightenment, knowledge, and education. The impact of these changes have become quite apparent in higher education where there is now mounting pressure for faculty to deliver high quality education to an internationally mobile cohort and where institutions are striving to attract funding, researchers, research grants, top students, and teaching staff. To cope with the many challenges, new business models are needed. Introducing change, however, is fraught with many problems; in particular, institutional barriers among disciplines, management commitment, socio-economic factors, and cultural issues. In this paper, we take a look at and discuss three European higher education institutions currently undergoing transformation--a British, a Finnish, and a Russian--to draw attention to some of the inherent factors that higher education institutions face when they seek to implement new business models to manage the competitive environment for higher education.

Explores business-related sites on the Russian Web and estimates usability for the Western user by focusing on the following: type of businesses; language on sites; communication capability; and response time of site servers. Findings suggest the Russian Web is more usable in terms of language and communication capability than ordering capability and response time. (Author/AEF)

Issues relating to the organization of the process of education via the network system is being discussed vigorously among specialists in the field of social economic theory and economic sociology. An example of network education is seen in the network of affiliates and branch offices of institutions of higher learning. This journal has already focused attention on this topic, having printed two articles that prompted very promising discussion. In issue no. 5 of 2001, it published an article by G. Okorokova and N. Klikunov, the rector and vice rector of the Kursk Institute of Management, Economy, and Law, titled "On the Status of the Affiliate". In issue no. 1 of 2002, an article titled "Once More About the Status of the Affiliate" by T. Vladykina, a representative of Urals State Academy of Law, examined a number of aspects from the legal point of view. This paper continues that discussion, particularly as it relates to an alternative form of network education known as educational franchising, which is defined as a manner of conducting business by transferring the rights to provide educational services, in the name of the franchisor, on a strictly defined territory, and in compliance with standards of quality.

This survey-based study compared socio-cultural values and perceptions of organizational culture characteristics held by more than 3,300 managers and employees in twelve business organizations in Hungary, Russia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic. Significant differences were found between the five countries on all socio-cultural and organizational culture dimensions. The relationship between socio-cultural values and the organizational culture perceptions was only moderately significant. The paper concludes with implications for professionals seeking to enhance organizations' performance in these countries and suggestions for further research. (Contains 6 tables.)

The intensive technical-technological development and the Covid-19 pandemic have accelerated the digital transformation of communication agencies and corporate communication sectors. Until the outbreak of the pandemic, the professional and academic debate focused on new media and channels provided by digital technologies, for example: social media, the Internet or websites ( Duhé, 2017). In the current phrase digital technologies are extended in the context of models of digital technologies that can modify communication processes with stakeholders (Artur V, Page Society, 2021, Vaner, 2021). Accordingly, digital transformation in times of risky business turbulence in business is a priority focus of research interest because digital transformation produces changes that affect the productivity and economic sustainability of corporations. This paper investigates the relationship between COMTECHNA (digital technologies) and economic entities in Southern European countries, i.e. the degree of investment in digital transformation and the competitiveness of digital communications professionals in Russia. Macedonia and the impact on economic sustainability. Relevant data from 2021 was used for the analysis of the current situation. On the basis of the identified indicators, it was shown that economic entities do not invest enough in digital transformation, which results in a low level of competitiveness of digital communications professionals, and thus decreased productivity and unstable economic sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we draw on three ethnographic studies of surrogacy we carried out separately in different contexts: the western US state of California, the south Indian state of Karnataka, and the western Russian metropolis of St Petersburg. In our interviews with surrogate mothers, intended parents, and surrogacy professionals, we traced the meanings and ideologies through which they understood the clinical labour of surrogacy. We found that in the US, interviewed surrogates, intended parents and professionals understood surrogacy as an exchange of both gifts and commodities, where gift-giving, reciprocity, and relatedness between surrogates and intended parents were the major tropes. In India, differing narratives of surrogacy were offered by its different parties: whilst professionals and intended parents framed it as a win-win exchange with an emphasis on the economic side, the interviewed surrogate mothers talked about surrogacy as creative labour of giving life. In Russia, approaches to surrogacy among the interviewed surrogate mothers, professionals and intended parents overlapped in framing it as work and a businesslike commodity exchange. We suggest these three different ways of ethical reasoning about the clinical labour of surrogacy, including justifications of women's incorporation into this labour, were situated in local moral frameworks. We name them "repro-regional moral frameworks", inspired by earlier work on moral frameworks as well as on reproductive nationalisms and transnational reproduction. Building on these findings, we argue that any international or global regulation of surrogacy, or indeed any moral stance on it, needs to take these local differences into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]