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This paper seeks to examine the relationship between competitivenessand environment-friendly behaviour of producers under an economic liberalisation regime. For that purpose, it employs a probit model and estimates the influence of the prime movers of industrial growth suchas technical change and economies of scale on environmental degradation. The empirical results of the study of pulp and paper industry, identified as one of the most polluting industries in India, indicate that these variables, as the key players of competitiveness improvement, have positive influence on environment-friendly behaviour. Such findings, therefore, fail to provide support to a view that articulates ruthless exploitation of the environment under economic liberalisation programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research paper aims to showcase current knowledge management (KM) practices via social media that is being adopted by organizations in India and China. India and China are considered leading economies in today's global market. Any understanding of management practices in these countries will help practitioners in doing businesses in these nations. Design/methodology/approach: This conceptual paper analyzes KM practices in India and China using an in-depth analysis of the extant literature to provide a comparative perspective of KM policies in these two economies. This paper has used a wide range of scholarly and non-scholarly databases from ABI Global Inform to Business Source Complete to Google Scholar among others. Findings: This research offers valuable insights into characteristic KM trends followed by Indian and Chinese firms. This paper also highlights different approaches adopted by these two cultures in managing their KM practices. The study also provides hypotheses that can be tested by potential scholars. This paper also offers theoretical models to understand this concept better. Practical implications: This paper also provides implications for practice by identifying guidelines for global managers. These frameworks might serve as preliminary parameters for practitioners planning to establish KM practices in India and China. Originality/value: This paper compares and contrasts KM practices in one of the two largest BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) economies which have not been addressed in the literature before. It also combines two theoretical frameworks from different fields (information technology and human resource management) providing a richer viewpoint on the subject.

While the conventional education system with different forms of E-learning and rigid academic instructive curriculum could not bring desired changes in specified timeframe work at rural level in the targeted communities and groups, a multipronged sociological approach with a sociable and flexible curriculum in new E-Learning programs becomes need of hour. The impact of socializing influence of these E-Learning programs should be properly exploited to motivate and inspire the rural target groups. The benefits of E-learning then become extensive and soon integrate with the needs of the lower strata of the society in order for achieving a rapid social transformation in the lives of the farmers, vocational groups, artisans and small income self help groups comprising women, girls and physically challenged. The paper suggests a number of new generation E-Learning programs as strategies of development communication with a promise of high returns for the industry for its investment in these programs with socially relevant messages and media convergence.

The electronic frontier is not something that education has embraced with open arms. There is a natural tendency to resist new ways of doing things. Our commerce teacher's attitude is responsible for the slow acceptance of modern technology in the educational environment. The paper explores the apprehensions of teachers in the implementation of technology and offers suggestions to integrate technology in the classrooms. Though the study is confined to Udupi District, the findings may be relevant to the entire commerce education.

The electronic frontier is not something that education has embraced with open arms. There is a natural tendency to resist new ways of doing things. Our commerce teacher's attitude is responsible for the slow acceptance of modern technology in the educational environment. The paper explores the apprehensions of teacher in the implementation of technology and offers suggestions to integrate technology in the classrooms. Though the study is confined to Udupi District, the findings may be relevant to the entire commerce education.

In difficult times, people turn to poetry, reading, and writing for solace and peace. In emotionally intense and traumatic times, people use poetry to process and understand the lived eyepieces. The havoc wreaked by the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the emotional and psychological well-being of individuals all across the world. Poetry has emerged as a savior in these difficult times. A phenomenon, "lockdown poems", came into existence as individuals all across the globe processed and shared their lived experiences of isolation, pain, and suffering through poems. In the present paper, students of a management program process and share their experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic, the subsequent lockdowns, and their community work experience. Poetry as a therapeutic and hope-building tool is discussed in the paper along with the original poems written by the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the association of COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths with mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms for the USA, the UK, India and worldwide using Google Trends. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use Spearman's rank correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between relative search volumes (RSVs) and mental health, unemployment and financial markets-related search terms, with the total confirmed COVID-19 cases as well as deaths in the USA, UK, India and worldwide. The sample period starts from the day 100 cases were reported for the first time, which is 7 March 2020, 13 March 2020, 23 March 2020 and 28 January 2020 for the US, the UK, India and worldwide, respectively, and ends on 25 June 2020. Findings: The results indicate a significant increase in anxiety, depression and stress leading to sleeping disorders or insomnia, further deteriorating mental health. The RSVs of employment are negatively significant, implying that people are hesitant to search for new jobs due to being susceptible to exposure, imposed lockdown and social distancing measures and changing employment patterns. The RSVs for financial terms exhibit the varying associations of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the stock market, loans, rent, etc. Research limitations/implications: This study has implications for the policymakers, health experts and the government. The state governments must provide proper medical facilities and holistic care to the affected population. It may be noted that the findings of this study only lead us to conclude about the relationship between COVID-19 cases and deaths and Google Trends searches, and do not as such indicate the effect on actual behaviour. Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt to investigate the relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA, UK and India and at the global level and RSVs for mental health-related, job-related and financial keywords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship has been recognised as an important factor of development and has been playing a crucial role in capital creation and accelerating economic growth in India. Women entrepreneurs are also increasingly contributing towards the economic growth. By Women Entrepreneurs we mean, women who are engaged in an act of business and business creation that empowers women economically, builds financial stability as well as create a position for themselves in the society. Although incredible opportunities exist, few business challenges as inadequate funds, lack of ICT (Information and Communication Technology) knowledge etc. deter women entrepreneurs. This paper attempts to find the potential of ICT to support women entrepreneurs' in business ventures, and address certain problems peculiar to women, since ICT has helped expansion of many businesses and carry it to the international level too in quite a short span of time as compared to conventional business practices. This paper uses the qualitative research strategy and primary data collected from women entrepreneurs of northeast and eastern India. The result highlights, that there is limited use of ICT by these entrepreneurs in their business operation in such areas as purchasing system, website designing, internal communication etc. The present study may provide insight to existing and prospective entrepreneurs in considering use of ICT for business expansion and may help policy makers in getting relevant information to provide a sound support and information system to women. Conducive legal and institutional provisions will help future growth of women entrepreneurs and will also motivate more in creating new ventures with new hope in the future and a win-win situation for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A developing country like India has realized the vital role of Entrepreneurship in economic growth, and mindfulness is very crucial for becoming a successful entrepreneur. The paper examines the relationship of mindfulness with Entrepreneurial orientation and all of its dimensions. The data was collected from 152 working professionals using a purposive sampling technique. MANOVA is performed to measure the impact of independent variables (gender, thought of doing business and level of mindfulness) on dependent variables, i.e., Entrepreneurial Orientation, Innovativeness, Proactiveness and Risk. Firstly, the results conclude that interaction among the combination of mindfulness, thought of doing business and gender variables have an impact on combined entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it is found that mindful females who have thought of doing their own business have a stronger entrepreneurial orientation. The presence of more women in leadership roles will contribute to business growth; thus, such talent must be educated and trained for the benefit of the organization and the nation as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing debates and discussions about sharing economy revolve round its definition, regulations and impact on economy, business and consumers. The paper attempts to develop a theoretical framework that define the sharing economy and analyse the possible association between the sharing economy and sustainability. The paper also assesses the need for an institutional and regulatory framework to strengthen sharing economy as an economic driver, potentially contributing to the more sustainable growth of the world economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political leaders in a modern democracy have the authority and duty to design intricate economic regulatory frameworks within which various commercial and industrial sectors are to operate and be managed. The present study describes the relationship of businesses in India with political changes. The article examines the influence of business organisations in Indian politics. The normative and scholarly value of investigating the influence of business in Indian politics cannot be overstated. Inevitably, as the private sector spearheads India's rapid economic modernisation, there will be a shift in political power towards business interests. In a capitalist economy, business organisations play a significant role in the economy and have the right to take part in politics. The crucial relationship is found between them and discussed wisely in the present study. The paper also studies how the Government of India has initiated its inputs to uplift the business sector to accelerate economic growth and increase foreign reserve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information Technology has been playing an important role in the development of the business in emerging economy like India. People are using smart phones internet regularly and continuously for their business purpose as well as for their other task. Smart phone users are increased because of that E-Commerce accessibility has been reaching to the customers conveniently. It can be expected for the future advancement helps a lot in development of the business. E commerce has a lot of benefits which we have seen during the covid-19 and the pace of that is increased because the reach of the customer of physical marketing was low due to the covid-19. It becomes an opportunity for e-commerce now the traffic on these sites are increased sales of these sites are increased they are like using a new product new services or sing in a new area. After 2016 E-Commerce has reached at a new era of success it was hundred million in 2016 now it is expected to increase twice by 2022 as per global retail development Index. The objective of this paper is to study about the growth of E commerce and linkages between sales bill volume and market share as well as strategies followed by selected E commerce companies during covid-19 to increase market share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disputes are an integral and inevitable part of the society but the failure to address their pendency can be pernicious. Traditionally, the predominant mode of dispute resolution in India has been litigation, which has been losing its sheen for quite some time now due the cost, time, complications and hardships involved in it. This assumes specific importance in disputes that concern commercial matters in the light of the bearing they have- both at micro and macro level. The adverse impact of inefficiencies in dealing with commercial disputes is much more than it meets the eye. It hampers the deliverance of justice and also portrays India as a country plagued by an inefficient system and an unfriendly business environment. The idea of mediation, as an alternative to litigation is being mooted for long now. It has received recognition from the courts of law as well as the legislature to some extent and the benefits it entails are praise-worthy and seem promising. In this background, this paper seeks to study the present dispute resolution scenario surrounding commercial disputes. Further, various facets of mediation including its relation to happiness have been studied and its recognition under the Indian law has been highlighted. Thereafter, the advantages and limitations of the use of mediation in such cases have been elaborated upon. Lastly, some data from the Commercial Courts of Delhi has been analyzed and suggestions mooted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper highlights the implications of Goods and Services Tax (GST), a major tax reform in India launched in July 2017 on the Make in India initiative launched in the year 2014. The GST is expected to trigger its impact on the following eight elements: warehouse efficiency, interstate check‐post operations, informal to formal business transition, interstate business expansion by micro, small, and medium enterprises, simplicity and transparency in tax collection process, logistics cost reductions, ease of doing business in India, and working capital cost realignment, which in turn may accelerate the manufacturing growth in Indian economy. In order to study the impact of the factors of GST on the Make in India initiative and the manufacturing growth, a system dynamics approach has been adopted in this paper. A number of simulation runs carried out using the system dynamics modelling have provided meaningful insights to the policymakers and strategic planners for evolving strategies for manufacturing growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The empirical relationship between trade openness and economic growth of India has been a debatable issue. The existing literature fails to provide an unambiguous answer. The paper examines this empirical relationship for the time period 1970-2010 using Vector Autoregression method and demonstrates that the relationship has evolved over time following the regime change in the early 1980s when the Indian economy started to move from a state-led growth model to a pro-market regime. Therefore, any assumption of a static trade-growth nexus may lead to inaccurate findings. Our econometric results indicate that growth in trade volumes accelerates economic growth of India since 1980-81 onwards. We do not find evidence of any significant association between trade barriers and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global health diplomacy has gained significant importance and undoubtedly remained high on the agendas of many nations, regional and global platforms amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Many countries have realized the importance of the health sector and the value of a healthy workforce. However, there is little control on issues related to trade that impact on human health due to the dominance of profit-oriented business lobbies. A balance, however, needs to be struck between economic profits and a healthy global population. This paper aimed to highlight the importance of building capacity in global health diplomacy, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic so that health personnel may effectively negotiate on the multisectoral stage to secure the resources they need. The recent proposal to waive off certain provisions of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) agreement for the prevention, containment and treatment of COVID-19 by India and South Africa at the World Trade Organization (WTO) presents an important opportunity for all governments to unite and stand up for public health, global solidarity, and equitable access at the international level so that both developed and developing nations may enjoy improved health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper delves into the evolution, current trends, and impact of e-commerce on various aspects of business and society. It examines the technological advancements that have facilitated the growth of e-commerce, the challenges faced by e-commerce businesses, and the transformative effects on consumer behavior, the economy, and regulatory frameworks. India is on the verge of a revolution in e-commerce. E-commerce, or electronic commerce, refers to the buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet. It has evolved significantly since its inception and has had a profound impact on various aspects of business, society, and the economy. Here's an overview of its evolution and impact. India's e-commerce market is expanding thanks to factors including rising smartphone adoption, rising wealth, and affordable data plans, which are fuelling the expansion of online retail. India is the second-largest internet market in the world with over 800 million users and 62 billion UPI transactions in 2022. Even though e-commerce has been popular in the nation for more than a decade, it is only in recent years that the proper ecosystem has already begun to develop. The speed of internet access, the astonishing widespread use of mobile devices, and active investment have fuelled this industry's expansion, and if present if predictions are accurate, India is on track to become the fastest-growing e-commerce in the world. India has seen a growth in the use of smartphones and the internet in recent years. Due in large part to the "Digital India" effort, there were 830 million internet connections worldwide in 2021. 55% of all connections to the internet were in metropolitan areas, and 97% of those connections were wireless. The number of smartphones has also greatly grown, and by 2026, that number is anticipated to be 1 billion. India's digital economy has benefited from this, and by 2030, it is predicted to be worth US$1 trillion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth of IoT appears to be based on trading off security for convenience. The futuristic technology brings with it a landscape scattered with vulnerabilities. The paper traces the exponential growth of IoT and its business potential. It then journeys into the dark alleys of IoT exposing the real and present dangers that the technology poses to all demographics and Nation- States. The paper then explores the cyber policy landscape in the USA, the EU and in India and analyses the procedural hazards for enforcement emanating fromthe principle of territoriality, which the cyber domain clearly poses a challenge to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet technology has flourished in India keeping pace with other developing countries. In keeping pace with this advancement, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is also spreading in India. Government of India (GOI) has realised IoT's business prospect and published draft policy on IoT in 2015. To achieve a better result, the prospective users are required to be kept aware regarding the prospect of IoT and for this, social media is expected to play a pivotal role. Social media can highlight advantages of IoT and in turn, these advantages would be made known to other potential users through Word of Month (WOM). This would bring in projection of a new business paradigm as contemplated by GOI. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting actual use of IoT by the potential users of India and to develop a conceptual model. The model has been verified through survey with inputs from 208 participants identified from three metropolitan cities of India. The responses have been quantified through 5-Point Likert scale. The result shows the implication that social media and WOM almost equally influence Indians to use IoT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Healthcare innovations are one of the drivers of healthcare sector growth in India. Innovation policies are challenging because of the uncertainty regarding the outcome of the innovations. Hence, there is a need to understand the interface between policies and healthcare innovations to identify gaps and propose timely recommendations. Accordingly, this study uses the Indian healthcare start-up sector as a case study to analyse the above linkages, gaps and propose recommendations. Methodology: Quantitative data from the Start-up India portal along with qualitative data from key informant interviews have been analysed to draw insights. Findings: Healthcare start-ups have made significant contributions to the economy and healthcare sector, but there are gaps and room for improvement especially in the areas of awareness, funding and mentoring. Conclusions: Based on the study findings a conceptual framework has been created for understanding the nature of gaps and their linkages in the healthcare innovation lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common information model (CIM) in vogue represents transmission and distribution components, and market operations in the perspective of electrical system, as unified modeling language (UML) objects. UML is object centric. CIM can offer interoperability and facilitate model exchange for large systems and is being adopted by many utilities. However, dealing effectively with multiple business processes is the backbone of the restructured power systems. Since CIM lacks chronological process sense, this has to be superimposed on CIM models, which is not easy due to inherent limitations of UML. To overcome this, this paper proposes to utilize business process modeling notation (BPMN) standards as a kind of pre-processor. BPMN is used to represent process centric interoperability requirements as business objects. UML object representation in CIM model is derived subsequently from it. The proposal is illustrated with an application use case—deriving CIM model of day-ahead market (DAM) transaction of distribution company, from its business process representation. Semantic model of DAM transaction using CIM IEC 62325 (Markets) and extensions required are presented with a sample Indian system. DAM models in BPMN and CIM can be utilized to build an efficient software application. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate philanthropy is a highly misunderstood & misinterpreted term in India, people often interlink this two term which are having altogether a different prospective. Some Indian companies believe that they are complying with laws & regulations fulfill their need for social responsibility. A corporate must take these activities with sincerity in order to provide a growth full nation. Although India is a favorable business destination but unless poor people have equity in the growth of economy, India can never achieve the title of super economy. Corporate social responsibility is one such important area of corporate behavior & governance that needs to be given thorough importance. At the same time csr is one such effective tool that synergizes the efforts of corporate & the social sector agencies towards sustainable growth & development of the societal objectives at large. This paper emphasizes that how CSR has become a ladder for development of any corporate organizations. This paper tries to bring out CSR initiatives taken by various organizations in India. An emphasis has been made in order to have an understanding about how corporate are utilizing the initiates at name of philanthropy and counting them to be there CSR activity and how the upcoming ceiling of mandatory 2% CSR is getting on their nerves and making them to enter and explore some hidden unexplored arenas of governance. This paper is completely a work based on articles and secondary data so collected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmer producer companies (FPCs) have widely transformed the livelihoods of the people and mainly squeezed the income and living standard conditions in the rural sectors, specifically a primary sector engaged majorly with village economies. This article diagnoses the collective cooperative concept and formation of FPCs in the country since their establishment in the year 2008–2021. We utilized secondary data from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) and the outcome of the study discusses the state and zone‐wise performance of FPCs in the country. The result found that only a few zones are performing in the FPCs businesses which makes it sustainable. The study further adds the sustainable measures for performance of the FPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-operative banks have come to constitute an important segment of the financial system, occupy a unique position and organized on co-operative principles. Present study evaluates the performance of the West Bengal State Co-operative bank Ltd. from the year 2001-02 to 2010-11. The West Bengal State Co-operative Bank Ltd. is performing its role of leading the co-operative movement of the state of West Bengal. The objectives of the paper are to explore and evaluate the growth prospect, operational profitability, stability and recovery performance of the WBSCB Ltd. In order to measure the growth prospect of the banks some important parameters like deposits, loans and advances, and business are analysed from the year 2001-02 to 2010-11. The study shows that all the variables exhibited positive and significant growth during the period of study. It is found that overall profitability of the bank during the study period is satisfactory as "Burden Coverage Ratio" in all the years is more than 1. Results obtained in the study shows that WBSCB Ltd. have satisfactory Z score that means probability of book-value insolvency has decreased during the study period, suggesting that banks are sufficiently stable during the period of study. The study finds that recovery performance of WBSCB Ltd. is satisfactory during the period of study. The management of WBSCB Ltd. should focus on diversification of business activities of the banks, modernization of the services rendered by the bank, proper methods of borrower appraisal and credit management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we draw on three ethnographic studies of surrogacy we carried out separately in different contexts: the western US state of California, the south Indian state of Karnataka, and the western Russian metropolis of St Petersburg. In our interviews with surrogate mothers, intended parents, and surrogacy professionals, we traced the meanings and ideologies through which they understood the clinical labour of surrogacy. We found that in the US, interviewed surrogates, intended parents and professionals understood surrogacy as an exchange of both gifts and commodities, where gift-giving, reciprocity, and relatedness between surrogates and intended parents were the major tropes. In India, differing narratives of surrogacy were offered by its different parties: whilst professionals and intended parents framed it as a win-win exchange with an emphasis on the economic side, the interviewed surrogate mothers talked about surrogacy as creative labour of giving life. In Russia, approaches to surrogacy among the interviewed surrogate mothers, professionals and intended parents overlapped in framing it as work and a businesslike commodity exchange. We suggest these three different ways of ethical reasoning about the clinical labour of surrogacy, including justifications of women's incorporation into this labour, were situated in local moral frameworks. We name them "repro-regional moral frameworks", inspired by earlier work on moral frameworks as well as on reproductive nationalisms and transnational reproduction. Building on these findings, we argue that any international or global regulation of surrogacy, or indeed any moral stance on it, needs to take these local differences into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyses the composition, social organization and wide range of activities of the Indian maritime merchant of the early modern period. Regional contrasts between Gujarat, the Coromandel coast and Bengal are discussed. The last section of the paper discusses the interaction between the Indian maritime merchants and the Europeans, both the corporate enterprises as well as private traders. It is argued that the Indian merchants displayed a remarkable degree of adaptiveness and resilience and refused to be overwhelmed by the competition provided by the Europeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand whether the adoption of environmental management practices and firm characteristics influence the environmental benchmarking in Indian firms. It further looks into the impact of environmental benchmarking practices on firms’ environmental performance. Design/methodology/approach – The study conducts a research survey to obtain the practitioner’s responses on the different aspects of environmental benchmarking. The survey data of 104 firms provide an empirical basis to investigate different research hypotheses using statistical techniques. Findings – The results indicate that the firms which implement environmental management practices are more likely to adopt environmental benchmarking in one or more areas of their operations. The findings signify that firms which benchmarks for environmental purposes are more likely to have better environmental performance. The study confirms that large firms have significant chances of having environmental benchmarking compared to small and medium sized firms. The firms in different sectors have different relative preference to eight different areas of environmental benchmarking. However, all these preferences are not significant at 95 per cent confidence level. Research limitations/implications – The research use only qualitative responses on environment management aspects and could be further extended by incorporating the quantitative (emission) data of different industries. Practical implications – The study provides an insight into the environmental benchmarking practices of Indian firms for better management of environmental performance of the firms. Originality/value – The study investigates the experience and attitude of Indian firms to environmental benchmarking based on an empirical research. It adds to the knowledge in the field of environmental benchmarking in developing countries with specific focus on India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little has been reported to date on human resource aspects of international joint ventures (IJVs) between Australia and India. On the basis of nine case studies, this paper examines the influence of HR practices on selecting the IJV as an entry strategy to invest in India and the role of efficient HR management in ensuring IJV success. The case findings suggest that there is a very moderate HR-related influence on the entry mode decision, whereas HR management plays a significant role in IJV success. The paper also identifies several HR issues in relation to Australian-Indian joint ventures which emerged during the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to medicines has become a major concern for countries worldwide during the COVID-19 pandemic, as pharmaceutical production and trade have been disrupted in the course of the crisis. Antibiotics are one group of medicines where worries about access have been raised. Access to the right antibiotic at the right time is important not only for curing infections of individual patients, but also for curbing antibiotic resistance globally. Reliable pharmaceutical supply is key to ensuring access to medicines. The global supply of generic medicines has over the last decades been transformed by the rise of India's pharmaceutical industry. In this paper, I trace the changing role of this industry for the global export of antibiotics, by mapping and describing changes in Indian antibiotic exports and discussing these in light of historical processes and events. The paper offers a novel approach to analyse global antibiotic trajectories by using international trade data from publicly available resources combined with a secondary literature review. I show that India's pharmaceutical industry today holds a key role as one of the world's biggest exporters of antibiotic medicines, but with an increasing dependency on China as a supplier of antibiotic ingredients. This produces both opportunities and concerns for access to antibiotics globally. • Offers a novel approach to trace antibiotic and pharmaceutical geographies. • Uses international trade data to map India's role for global antibiotics supply. • Describes that India has become one of the world's biggest exporters of antibiotics. • Shows that India is highly dependent on China for import of antibiotic ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

corporate social responsibility also known as corporate conscience, corporate citizenship, responsible business. CSR policy functions as a self regulatory mechanism whereby a business monitors & ensures its active compliance with spirit of law, ethical standard & international norms. In the present scenario of financial crisis, increasing income inequality, environmental and other calamities linked to some corporations, there is a greater demand and requirement for CSR globally which is increasing at fast pace.CSR is still relatively new corporate function that continues to change & evolve. The changing marketing innovations demands direct linkage of CSR practices with business corporate strategies. Unlike United States and other major countries in the world, which have greater realized voluntary approaches to the adoption & awareness about CSR, India on the other hand has chosen mandatory approach to CSR. This paper focused on the India's emerging CSR regime & its potential strength & weakness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the orthopedics markets in the US and the EU reaching a plateau, the market size in countries such as Brazil, Russia, India, and China is steadily growing. As a result, major orthopedic companies are shifting their focus towards these markets and developing products tailored to their needs. However, a significant challenge associated with this new opportunity is the requirement for the development of more affordable prostheses compared to those sold in the US and Europe. With the introduction of these lower-cost models into the market, this article aims to assess their performance in comparison to traditional models. A literature review was conducted, analyzing four parameters—the Hospital for Special Surgery Score, Knee Society Score, Range of Motion, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index—to evaluate different models. The findings indicated that low-cost models perform either equally well or, in some cases, slightly worse than traditional ones. It is worth to mention that the existing literature on this topic is limited, resulting in a relatively small number of models and studies included in this specific study. Nevertheless, this latter serves as a valuable foundation for future in-depth analyses and investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supplier selection is the process by which firms identify, evaluate and contract with suppliers. The supplier selection process deploys a tremendous amount of a firm's operational and financial resources and is considered as an important determinant of the success of its supply chain. In spite of being strategically important to organizations, the decision for supplier selection is often complex and unstructured. Furthermore, it is inherently a multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) problem, which pertains to structuring and solving decision problems involving multiple criteria. The paper provides a framework to analyze and evaluate supplier selection in Indian pharmaceutical sector (IPS) using MCDM technique of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. It intends to improve managerial decision-making in the IPS in developing a supplier selection strategy based on multi-criteria evaluation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations from hotel sector are increasingly embracing the practice of corporate strategy in anticipation that this will translate to improved performance. Corporate strategy represents the way a firm plans to deploy its resources and to use its capability to achieve its goals. Recent research has pointed out the important role of the business environment on the corporate strategy choices by organizations. However, most of the researches have been conducted in advance economies. This paper extends the research on business environment and corporate strategy by presenting results from an emerging economy. Using data collected from hotels in India we demonstrate that in an emerging economy concerns about the environmental dynamism is the factor with the strongest influence on corporate strategy choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vulnerability is a pivotal concept for understanding transnational commercial surrogacy and the ethics of reproductive travel. While implicitly recognizing vulnerability as important, existing scholarship falls short of understanding the dynamism of vulnerability. Placing our empirical analysis in conjunction with the rich theoretical literature on this concept, we explore vulnerability in surrogacy arrangements in India as a "mode of openness," defined by its multilayeredness and context specificity. We focus on two retellings of vulnerability. In the first narrative, we analyse the journey of an intended parent who becomes an agent, while in the second narrative, we focus on the trajectory of a surrogate and egg donor becoming an agent. In both narratives, the layers of vulnerability across different interconnected circuits of reproduction—of intended parent, agent, and surrogate—are explicated. Our analysis illustrates the complex and conflicting meanings of vulnerability and illustrates vulnerability as an instigator of agency and resistance; how it can propel upward social mobility and animate attempts to transform an unjust system, but also how such individual agency and empowerment may serve to uphold exploitative relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on an ethnographic study of mobile stores' business practices in a slum community in Mumbai. The basic mobile phone store that sells small "talktime" (the period of billing per call) is graduating to repair, formatting, and maintenance of phone hardware and software. Central to this process of store expansion and skill building is the store entrepreneur. He forges relations with procurement channels and mediating agents, renewing existing ties and expanding business loops by interweaving social and business networks. We refer to these aggregations as "hybrid networks," and we highlight their maintenance as a critical resource governing enterprise potential. By evoking the ecology of the mobile phone business in an urban slum setting, the paper draws attention to the following concepts: 1) the unique potential of ICTs as an entrepreneurial commodity, 2) the micro- and small enterprise (MSE) as a functional model for local technology immersions, and 3) local social networks as pivotal in expanding technology adoption and aligning with the needs of the low-income consumer. In essence, we locate the small mobile phone store as the site of convergence for the commercial expansion of mobile phone technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on family politics and exchange of goods in British India. This paper also situates Anglo-Indian gifts within a spectrum of emotionally-charged exchange mechanisms through which products circulated in British India. The gift-giving and market-orientated consumer behaviors occupied shifting positions within a register of exchange in Anglo-India.

This paper presents the findings of a study of purchasing and supply management professionals in India conducted to identify the key ethical issues they face in carrying out their work related responsibilities as well as to determine the extent to which various factors appear to be helpful or to present challenges to their efforts to act ethically in the course of their work. The Indian findings are then compared to those for studies conducted among purchasing and supply management professionals in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada. Key findings for the four studies are summarized and implications for business and the professions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In global health initiatives, particularly in the context of private philanthropy and its ‘business minded’ approach, detailed programme data plays an increasing role in informing assessments, improvements, evaluations, and ultimately continuation or discontinuation of funds for individual programmes. The HIV/AIDS literature predominantly treats monitoring as unproblematic. However, the social science of audit and indicators emphasises the constitutive power of indicators, noting that their effects at a grassroots level are often at odds with the goals specified in policy. This paper investigates users' experiences of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems in the context of HIV interventions in western India. Six focus groups (totalling 51 participants) were held with employees of 6 different NGOs working for government or philanthropy-funded HIV interventions for sex workers in western India. Ten donor employees were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted. NGO employees described a major gap between what they considered their “real work” and the indicators used to monitor it. They could explain the official purposes of M&E systems in terms of programme improvement and financial accountability. More cynically, they valued M&E experience on their CVs and the rhetorical role of data in demonstrating their achievements. They believed that inappropriate and unethical means were being used to meet targets, including incentives and coercion, and criticised indicators for being misleading and inflexible. Donor employees valued the role of M&E in programme improvement, financial accountability, and professionalising NGO-donor relationships. However, they were suspicious that NGOs might be falsifying data, criticised the insensitivity of indicators, and complained that data were under-used. For its users, M& E appears an ‘empty ritual’, enacted because donors require it, but not put to local use. In this context, monitoring is constituted as an instrument of performance management rather than as a means of rational programme improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates and compares the continuance intention of full-time business school students and faculty in India and Italy who moved from traditional pedagogy style to the digital classroom due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study integrates the Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) and Task-Technology Fit (TTF) to examine their continuance intention. Survey data was collected from 396 business school students and 130 faculty members from India and Italy and analysed using SmartPLS 3 software. The study found that perceived usefulness, satisfaction, and task-technology fit significantly impact the continuance intentions of students and faculty. Multigroup analysis of students indicates that Italian students are more driven by task-technology fit as compared to Indian students in their continuance intention; in comparison, Indian students rely more on gaining experience and knowhow on technology. Finally, the multigroup study of faculty suggests that Italian educators have a comparatively stronger orientation towards the fit between digital classroom technology and a portfolio of related tasks. In comparison, their Indian counterparts rely more on the perceived usefulness of technology. The strength of relationship between task-technology fit and continuance intention is comparatively lower for faculty as compared to students in both countries. Finally, implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative study of the business performance practices in India with European and U.S. business performance studies. The author asserts that every business organization has utilized performance measures in order to successfully implement its strategy and attain its goal. The definition of business performance management is provided. Findings indicate that most company goals are non-financial in nature which is in contrast with their financially inclined performance measures.

The article offers information regarding the potential of present drivers of economic governance, trade and investment, and envisions intersections and cross-cutting impacts on poverty and human development. It reflects a review employed to highlight scenarios shaping Africa's economic governance and the magnitude of the impact on pro-poor growth. It emphasizes on changes in Africa's economic policy which include stakeholders, poor farmers, economic governance and policy processes. It mentions that the emergence of China and India on the world market have brought about major changes in the character of the global commodity market.

It is high time when the IPR has to be considered in a proactive approach and in consonance with the global development, particularly with business world. The geographical indication is not just an inventory and evidence creation, it is an intellectual capital that calls for promotion and creation of a new culture in the business world. India is very slow and ignorant about many of the aspect of IPR and related legal issues. This paper discusses some of these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adults with visual impairments encounter a twin burden of attitudinal and access barriers, which inhibits their employment inclusion. There exists a dearth of comparative research focused on the negative influence of attitudinal barriers on their employment outcomes. This article juxtaposes previously un-researched barrier perceptions associated with employers' discrimination of qualified YAVI from Oslo and Delhi. Employers' discrimination is couched in the social model approach, and its nuances are understood through the concept of disablism. A qualitative case study was conducted from November 2017 to June 2018, wherein 29 YAVI (12 from Oslo and 17 from Delhi) were interviewed. This article demonstrates unanticipated similarities associated with the perception of employers' discrimination in two dissimilar labour markets. It calls for further Global North South research to better comprehend the influence of employers' discrimination and concludes with some potential recommendations for different stakeholders. Globally, vision impaired people face difficulties to get employment. Employers discriminate against vision impaired people during the recruitment process in developed and developing countries. It is rare to come across comparative research involving Norway, a developed country, and India, a developing country. Comparing employment experiences of vision impaired youth across developed and developing countries is also scarce. For the first time, stories of discrimination from young adults with visual impairments from Oslo and Delhi are compared. These youths shared similar experiences linked to discrimination during job interviews. The voice of youth with visual impairments from developed and developing countries should be heard to better deal with the problem of employers' discrimination. Based on the employment experiences of the vision impaired youth, recommendations are offered to policy-makers, prospective employers, disability organisations and other vision impaired youth to overcome discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to understand how features of an app can enhance smartphone app retention behavior among its users. Based on the literature review five features (relationship features, self-congruity, presentation style, novelty, and social connection) have been identified to influence the app self-connection, and app self-prominence, which in turn, eventually predict the affective commitment and behavioral attachment (i.e. word of mouth) of the app users. From a value orientation perspective, apps can be classified under three categories, namely, (i) Utilitarian apps, (ii) Hedonic apps, and (iii) Social network sites apps based on their usage and functionality. To enhance the generalizability of the study, data were collected from 750 active app users, i.e. 250 respondents from each category and a multi-group invariance analysis was performed to determine the significant effect of each category of apps on app retention behavior. The empirical results of the analysis highlighted the differential values exhibited by these five app features across three categories of smartphone apps. The findings escort the app-based marketers, and app developers to have a more sophisticated understanding of the respective category app features for desired business outcomes. The uniqueness of the present study is highlighted in its proposed integral framework that conceptualizes specific features of an app that the marketers can focus on to develop better-designed apps the users want. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical education in India that includes MBBS and specialty post-graduation programmes are intense, thorough and well acclaimed. The new medical education curriculum introduced by the National Medical Commission in 2019 is all set to be uniformly implemented. It is a welcome move in the direction of competencies-based assessment, as well as enhancing soft skills and integrated learning. It is also important for medical students to learn other aspects and skills that are highly important in shaping their career, practice, and life after their education is completed. These include business, finance and administrative skills and knowledge, medicolegal aspects, interacting with and tackling different kinds of patients, understanding the scope and benefits of general practice, family medicine and holistic healthcare, making informed career choices, and selfcare that involves coping skills, building resilience, managing stress, and maintaining one's own physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of trade and international economic policy in Indian economic performance. It notes that multilateral agencies play an important role in policy formation like World Bank or International Monetary Fund. Moreover, the demographic factor of India also affects its development as well as its international economic policy.

In this paper we examine how the intersectoral terms of trade in India between industry and agriculture may have been changing through time, and the associated policy implications which follow. We argue that existing statistical studies of this issue are misleading, not only because they use controlled rather than black market prices, but because in the presence of controls the terms of trade of both sectors can deteriorate. This is because in an equilibrium process in the presence of controls, black markets arise. Buyers' prices on black markets equal controlled prices plus endogenously determined search costs of transactors on controlled markets. Sellers' prices on black markets, less the expected penalty if detected, equal sellers' prices on controlled markets. Thus, black market prices are equal to expected buying prices on either market, and controlled prices equal expected sellers' prices (net of penalties) on either market. As a result, a real income loss results from controls. We illustrate these points using counterfactual equilibrium calculations for India for 1979-80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diabetic foot is an unfortunate complication of diabetes, but it is one that is preventable. One such strategy to prevent this complication is by using appropriate footwear. Footwear should, however, be considered a 'double-edged sword' as it can prevent foot complications, as well as cause them. Although there are various guidelines on footwear laid down by different international bodies, it can be difficult to execute them in practice, as there are various factors that govern usage of diabetic footwear in developing countries. The authors suggest a simple and practical approach for using diabetic footwear in these developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although business groups benefit firms when markets fail, does group affiliation continue to be an advantage for firms in deregulated, globally competitive industries? I argue that affiliation allows firms to tap into the knowledge and connections of sister affiliates. This enables them to attract clients from more industries and foreign markets than can unaffiliated firms, and to attain higher international sales. Using data from the Indian software industry, I find support for these hypotheses, but only for 2000-02, when competition increased as a result of new deregulation. These results suggest business groups continue to provide benefits to group-affiliated firms, including information on market opportunities and "reputation signaling" to clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the effect of dividend payment behavior on firm value. The research looks into the effect of varying dividend behavior on Tobin's Q, a proxy for firm value. For determining the dividend behavior of the corporates, total sample of 269 companies is distributed into four quartiles based on average dividend yield. The result shows that dividend payout ratio and change in dividend fail to have a significant effect on firm value in the least dividend-yield companies. However, it is interesting to see that for the high dividend paying companies, dividend payout and change in dividend affect the firm value positively suggesting evidence of clientele effect in the Indian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines Bulgaria's electronic trade with India between 1967 and 1990. The developing world became a formative learning experience for the computer industry, as it came up against both a highly protectionist state trying to foster its own industry, and competition from Western companies playing to different rules than COMECON rivals. In order to gain a place in this lucrative market, Bulgarian computer enterprises developed their technical services, advertising and negotiating capacities, learning how to be capitalists in a socialist world. This 'learning through competition and copying' was a feedback channel that changed the way that the company operated in other parts of the world, diversifying its marketing and user services within the socialist world too, standing out from the other socialist industries. As such, this global operation was a formative experience for many executives and technicians, making them a group that was plugged into international expertise networks. Thus the computer became a channel for being part of the emerging information economy, and the Global South became a place to meet the First World without restriction. The article thus shows India's importance to Bulgaria as a space to learn from and profit in, rather than an object of socialist development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medical colleges have become a business industry nowadays, where rich businessmen in the name of trust and foundations are resorting to making huge profits by collecting heavy amount of capitation fees from students without providing quality education to them. It has been observed especially in some of the recently established medical colleges, that the regulations laid by National Medical Council are flouted, and these medical colleges are run with very little patients in the hospital, poor infrastructure and huge number of "Ghost faculties", who are available only during the time of inspection by the regulatory authorities. The regular faculties who are working are overburdened with teaching work, and are also denied relieving and experience letter if they submit their resignation. There is a great need for the regulatory authorities to have a strict scrutiny on such institutions and implement remedial measures to correct these irregularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business Management Education in India has shown an upward growth trend in the last couple of decades. Due to the diverse nature of the course, students from diverse academic backgrounds are being admitted to the course. Therefore, differences in students’ abilities and their learning styles have a significant effect on their learning outcomes. Meanwhile, with the development of learning technologies, learners can be provided a more effective learning environment to optimise their learning. The purpose of this study was to develop a model to automatically detect the students’ learning styles from their personal, academic and social media data and make recommendations for students, teachers, educators and administrators for overall improvement of learning outcomes. Data analysis in this research was represented using data collected from post-graduate business management students in India. A 10-fold cross-validation was used to create and test the models. The data were analysed by R and R-Studio. Classification accuracy, Precision, Recall, Kappa, ROC curve and F measure were observed. The results showed that the accuracy of classification by the C4.5 technique had the highest value at 95.7%, and it could be applied to develop Felder-Silverman’s learning style while taking into consideration students’ academic, personal information and social media preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine causal relationships among the macroeconomic entities tourism and output dynamics in India, using the frequency-domain causality approach. Our results show that there is a bidirectional causality between openness and tourism as well as between output and tourism, at various frequency bands. Hence, this study suggests a multiplier effect of tourism on the Indian economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is a country with great social diversities. It has been stated as well as accepted by several national leaders that comprehensive monetary advancement remains a national objective. Various government programs have been started that soak up the soul of comprehensiveness. What is intriguing, be that as it may, is to see the corporate social obligation deliberate rules regarding the service of corporate undertakings. To cite Salman Khurshid, the clergyman of state for corporate issues in 2009 "... the corporate part is likewise remaining amidst a maintainability emergency that represents a danger to the specific presence of business. What we have before us is where one way drives us to comprehensive development and the other may prompt an unsustainable future. ... the business division likewise needs to assume the liability of displaying socially capable business houses that guarantee the appropriation of riches and prosperity of the networks in which the business works." There is definitely a case to be made about the relationship or the causal effect of CSR on inclusive growth. India would do well to harness this resource of CSR to aid the progress of the country and its citizens. This article is an effort towards establishing a relationship between CSR and inclusive growth in India, including suggestions on optimal utilisation of CSR for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Local people in the Himalayan region use a wide range of wild and non-cultivated edible plants (WNEPs) for food, spice, medicinal, and cultural purposes. However, their availability, use, status and contribution to livelihood security are poorly documented, and they have been generally overlooked in recent agro-biodiversity conservation and management programmes. The study aimed to investigate WNEP diversity and current status in a part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape--a transboundary landscape shared by Nepal, India and PR China--in terms of collection, use, management and conservation initiatives. Methods: Multiple methodologies and tools were used for data collection. A series of participatory tools (45 key informant interviews, 10 focus group discussions, a crop diversity fair, direct observation of species through a transect walk and rapid market assessments) was followed by a household survey (195 respondents) and complemented by a literature review. Results: The study recorded 99 WNEPs belonging to 59 families of which 96 were angiosperms, one gymnosperm and two pteridophytes. Species were used for food, spice, medicine, rituals and income generation. Thirty-five species had multiple uses, including these: 40 species were used for fruit and 31 for vegetables. WNEPs contribute significantly to daily food requirements, especially the vegetables. The use value of Dryopteris cochleata was found highest (0.98) among frequently used vegetable species. The values of informant consensus factor were found maximum for worms in the stomach (0.99) and minimum for skin disease treatment (0.67). Nearly 85% of households depended exclusively on WNEPs for at least more than a month per year. Results on the importance and use of different species, gender roles in WNEP activities and conservation approaches are presented. Conclusions: People living in the Kailash Sacred Landscape depend significantly on WNEPs, and this is especially critical in times of food shortage. The WNEPs have considerable potential as an important supplement to cultivated food crops. Farmers prioritise species with multiple use values and popular vegetables. However, there are numerous challenges and interventions needed to ensure conservation and management of species and their continued availability to support food security and local livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every individual is characterized by a learning style which an individual develops over a course of time. The learning style may be shaped by different cultural environment. This study aims to find and compare the learning style of Indian and German business students by examining the learning styles of 81 students from India and Germany. The study uses Learning Style Questionnaire introduced by Honey and Mumford. The findings suggest that there is significant difference in the learning style of Indian and German students. Indian students are found to be observed to reflect, analyze and theorize whereas German students are more oriented towards practical application of theory followed by reflection and analysis. Findings have also been thoroughly discussed in terms of the geographical constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This article aims to understand the status of business continuity planning (BCP) in hospitals in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi. The article also focuses on the role played by hospitals during a disaster. Subject and methods: A mixed-methods research design was applied by developing a research instrument with qualitative and quantitative questions and collecting data by personally interviewing respondents. Two hundred seventeen interviews were conducted. Of these, 190 interviews were held with doctors and officials from hospitals in the NCT of Delhi. Twenty-seven experts from government departments, civil society organisations and the United Nations were also interviewed. Results: This study shows that there is only limited understanding of the level of preparedness required for hospitals to continue functioning during and after a disaster event. All respondents confirmed having a BCP, but on investigation these plans were found to be either fire safety plans or contingency plans looking at mass casualties. A holistic plan for all critical aspects of hospital BCP is not available in 95.8% of hospitals; 47.4% of hospitals have poor to low levels of preparedness for all disaster risks; 48.4% of hospitals have a moderate level of preparedness, and only 4.2% have a high level of preparedness. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the level of preparedness in hospitals in Delhi varies greatly. There is a need to approach BCP in a holistic manner, starting from an understanding of hazardous events, their impact on assets and planning for the continuation of critical functions when disaster strikes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand for knowledge-based products is changing the structure of global economy and the role of intellectual capital in business, especially human capital. Although a large number of studies have been done on intellectual capital, the literature on specific human capital disclosure and its relation to contextual variables is limited. Hence, the present study tries to fill the existing gap in research and contribute to the body of literature by investigating the impact of contextual variables (continent of origin and growth status of country) on the inclusion/disclosure of Human Resource Management (HRM) information (human capital) in annual reports of the foreign companies operating in India. Data collected from 202 companies identified on the basis of shareholding patterns (more than 50% foreign shareholding) and information availability (annual report and official website) is analyzed using the content analysis approach. The findings highlight that continent of origin has more impact on HRM information disclosure as compared to growth status of the country of origin. However, there are a number of unaccountable variables that may affect the research findings and need to be explored. Nonetheless, documenting the variations in HRM inclusion/disclosure of companies from different continents and countries of origin enables a greater understanding of the prevalent voluntary disclosure practices and importance given to HRM in corporate disclosures. Being the strategic key area, human resource skill, potential and abilities affect the way company performs and explicitly impact the content of annual report. Such an understanding holds the potential to guide researchers, HR professionals and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European countries are known to India for high returns and successful investment with long traditions. Investment either for profit making or human development- both ways Indian-European partnerships were well appreciated in the past, and creating new road maps for the future . In terms of doing business- Poland ranked 1st as most attractive FDI destination in Central Eastern Europe and 5th most attractive in Europe (after Germany, UK, France and Netherlands)1, at the same time India ranked 9th as most attractive destination in the wold (2016)2. India and Poland- both governed by single Party governments, and bringing successful changes in policy making mechanism on daily basis in order to minimisethe barriers for foreign investors and increase foreign collaborations in the interest of national income. With such new policies and openness- trade between India and Poland has been increased up to $2.23 billion in 2015 and expected to be doubled as $5billion by 2018³. But there is an identified untapped potential area which may boost this cooperation is- 'Education'. Education as a business sector has yet to be acknowledged by both countries in order to fulfil each-others need and desires. Poland is known for well established educational system and institutions for research & development with high class study programs from centuries. But in current scenario, facing huge demography problems and struggling for survival. Many private universities are getting closed (not getting enough number of students), and public universities are depending on public funded students (from public schools). At the same time Indian is facing trouble to accommodate it's own young people under territorial universities due to huge number of applicants and less number of universities. Growing Indian middle class is in the capacity to expand $500 - $15000 for their quality higher education abroad. Thus, Poland-India has space to work together based on 'demand and supply' policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This book is focused on analysing the limitation of the existing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) statistics in India. The trends, composition and quality of FDI inflows in India after the initiation of 'Make in India' (MII) policy are critically analysed. This is done with a comparative perspective on the nature and quality of FDI since 1990. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the potential of leveraging competitive advantages of markets to address childhood obesity in India, with studies showing lifestyle and eating behaviour influenced by market, particularly in the marketing of processed food to target children. Topics discussed include adverse health outcomes faced by overweight or obese children like metabolic problems, prevalence of the rue of market in society, and the concept of Whole of society (WoS) to prevent childhood obesity.

This article seeks to develop a framework which can be used by marketing practitioners for effective use of blogs to connect and communicate with customers. Through exploratory research using the netnography and the content analysis method, blogging practices and social media presence of Indian companies are studied to examine use of blogs as an online customer engagement tool and the issues they are facing in implementing this practice. Comparative analysis revealed indicators of effective blogging practice and the link between the outreach of blogs with other forms of social media. Data analysis showed the interaction between subject and object with underlying dimensions like emotions, cognition, and behavior to produce an overall customer engagement. Interplay between various dimensions manifests the outcome of an online and offline engagement with customers. For wider acceptability of the proposed framework, future research directions are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, the low rate of employment of people with disabilities is a large problem in the growing economy. Looking at one advocacy group's strategies for influencing the private sector and lobbying the Indian government for more responsive employment policies, this article focuses on NCPEDP's holistic approach to increasing employment of people with disabilities as an example of notable, innovative practice. The article examines NCPEDP's strategies towards the private sector, public policy, and civil society, including its Disability Awards (highlighting inclusive workplaces), the 2001 and 2011 Census campaigns' efforts for people with disabilities to become accurately counted, and its networks of disability organizations that disseminate relevant information and campaign for greater equality across the nation. The benefits and limitations of these strategies are then assessed for lessons regarding the strategies available to small nongovernmental organizations seeking to influence employment, the private sector and public policy in other settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the case of Bt cotton in Gujarat, India, as an illustration of how public policy chickens out when large-scale violation of ethical and scientific norms takes place with positive business outcomes. Entrepreneurial spirit has created a unique case of farmer participatory research whereon farm crosses are being made between Bt cotton varieties and other released varieties. New production cycles are being created by farmers who have extended the life of the crop from six months to nine months to reap advantage of continuous flowering and thus higher yield. All this has happened in an unauthorised manner, with full public knowledge and despite complaints of Monsanto and MAYHCO about Navbharat Seed Company having ''stolen'' their Bt gene. Farmers are happy, politicians do not care and regulatory agencies are satisfied that sending a few committees to enquire is all that they needed to have done. This article presents a review of important studies in the context of the Bt adventure in Gujarat and discusses the findings obtained in a farmer survey on experience and perception of Bt cotton in Gujarat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do rising powers relate to international institutions? At the same time as rising regional powers from the South emerge as key players in international politics, they confront a highly institutionalised world order established and maintained by and for the United States and its allies. Traditional perspectives identify three major patterns of behaviour for rising states in international institutions: balancing, spoiling, and being coopted. This article uses these perspectives to ask how the redistributive aspirations of three rising regional powers – India, Brazil, and South Africa (IBSA) – impact on international institutions in the fields of trade, money, and security. The findings indicate that there is strong variation across issue areas. Trade provides support for the spoiling perspective, while the areas of money and security exhibit aspects familiar both to the balancing and cooptation perspectives. A broader picture emerges of IBSA states' general integration into hegemonic norms and being coopted into existing international institutions, but at the same time as balancing the influence of the established powers and reforming these institutions to conform to a more South-oriented, sovereigntist image of world order. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Protection of intellectual property as well as its exploitation for monetary benefit have existed for centuries. However, commercialization of intellectual property had not entered the precincts of academic universities in a significant way until the introduction of the Bayh-Dole Act in the 1980s in the United States. The post-Bayh-Dole era has seen a quantitative increase in patenting activity in universities. This article summarizes the ethical conflicts ushered in by increasing commercialization of academic university research. Activities related to the protection and commercial exploitation of intellectual property have led to changes in academic culture that have given room for debate between the puritans and the modernists. Issues contended by the two groups have been identified, and both sides of the argument are discussed. The key to achieving 'responsible commercialization of research' is to balance the Bayh-Dole ethos with the traditional Mertonian norms of academic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Roman trade with South India. It states that there was a stream of Roman gold coins found in hoards all over South India, and Roman pottery that has turned up in port Alagankulam. It states that Muziris and the Malabar coast emerge as central to Roman interests in India, especially for pepper, which has been found on archaeological sites all over in Germany and Britain. It states that references in the Tamil literature to developments of the land and land relations with consequent effects on tribal structures.

Drawing on institutional theory and entrepreneurial cognition, we test the environmental perception-scanning framework in the United States and India. The results suggest that culture and transition context help explain scanning frequency, but entrepreneurs in the two countries are similar in their perceptions of strategic uncertainty in environmental sectors. Moreover, the perceptions of increased environmental change and sector importance, as conditioned by perceived information accessibility, are associated with increased scanning. Overall, our results provide important indications about perceptions and information seeking, and lend support to indications of a universal mindset of entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, the relations between India and the EU have been largely informed by economics without any similar significant engagement at the political level. In recent times however, amongst others, the changing external environment, the EU's emerging profile as a global actor and India's growing importance both regionally and globally warranted the need for greater political dialogue and cooperation between the two sides. What followed therefore was the formalisation at the highest level of the EU's political dialogue with India and its institutionalisation into a meaningful summit-level partnership leading to a strategic partnership. Areas of divergence and challenges remain but the opportunities that have surfaced are significant and deserving of attention. This article critically analyses the growing strategic partnership between India and the EU in the light of both these realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second half of the 1990s has witnessed almost three-fold increase in the exports of Indian electronics industry. The study proposes a model for analysing the export intensity of 164 electronics firms in India and tests the same empirically. The Tobit model is estimated using firm level panel data for the period 2000–2005 for the electronics industry in India. The results show that both size of the firm, foreign direct investment and capital employed have played an important role in boosting exports in this sector. The study has policy implications to improve the performance of the Indian Electronics sector in India and similar other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article identifies and explains the ways in which firms involved in the debate about the role of biotechnology in Indian agriculture have sought to advance their interests. It argues that the public positions of larger biotech and agro-chemical companies, seed enterprises, and newer start-up firms and the associations to which they belong relate to the differences in their underlying corporate strategies. The extent to which these firms are involved in primary research, export their products, or require protection for their products helps to determine their political affiliations to the leading industry bodies that are active on biotechnology issues. In turn, each of these associations has been shown to have distinct patterns of interaction with particular government agencies involved in the regulation of biotechnology products, as well as differing degrees of contact with global industry coalitions. Through a combination of material influences, in most cases high levels of institutional access, and in a context in which claims about the benefits of biotechnology are echoed and repeated in influential media, industry has played an important role in the evolving regulatory regime. These forms of leverage apply to some firms more than others and smaller actors in the vast seed sector in India are barely involved directly in the current debate about India's "gene revolution." Currently, the policy agenda in Delhi appears to be far more influenced by a fairly close-knit policy network of biotech entrepreneurs from larger multinationals and successful start-up firms with good national and global connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross‐border informal trade is one of the most important issues between India and Bangladesh. It takes place between people who live a short distance apart, but who find themselves separated by an international boundary. The people of international border areas believe that cross‐border informal trade is a process to maintain a sustainable livelihood because it provides a livelihood to the unemployed. This research has analysed the nature and impact of informal border trade between India and Bangladesh. It has highlighted the sources of security and insecurity through the process of informal border trade. It also analyses the different socio‐economic conditions of informal border trade in border trade prone areas. This research argues that although informal border trade is considered illegal, it is necessary for the maintenance of the livelihood for the poor in the bordering areas. The state failures in fulfilling the needs of the poor force them to involve themselves in informal border trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the European business community on the Nilgiris Hills in India from 1860 to 1900. Comparison of the European community with other settlers in the area; Discussion of the extent of land sold and cultivated commercially on the Nilgiris; Details of the tensions that existed between Indians and Europeans over land use and business competitors.

Trust has latterly become an important focus of enquiry across the social sciences, and this article reflects critically upon the current literature on the basis of ethnographic research into the transactions of small companies in several sectors of Indian industry, and the reorganization that is taking place in Indian family business groups in the context of economic globalization. It is concluded that much of the argument about the increasing importance of trust in the context of globalization is misplaced, and that it serves an ideological function. The problem of business management in India is that of bringing about change in the institutional framework and in business behaviour in a context in which these changes confront a culture of ‘selective trust’ amongst groups of people in specific social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adoption of total quality management (TQM) is an essential element for the success of business. In spite of many industries implementing TQM, quite a few organizations have eventually lost control of their business. Therefore, something more than TQM adoption is required to face the demanding business world. This work proposes a conceptual framework mainly based on Tamil classical literature, for sustaining business with success, in a highly competitive world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the correlation between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. Impact of trade liberalization on the economic performance of the country; Effect of tariff reduction on employment rate; Influence of openness and technology on productivity.

Call center sector in India is a relatively new industry and one of the fastest growing sectors driving employment and growth in modern India today. While employment in the business process outsourcing (BPO) sector has meant that young adults are reaching their career milestones and financial goals much earlier than before, surveys and anecdotal evidence show that workers in the BPO sector experience high levels of stress and its related disorders, primarily due to its contemporary work settings. Safeguarding the health of youngsters employed in this new, growing economy becomes an occupational health challenge to public health specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During 1977, IBM was asked to withdraw from India due to its unwillingnesss to comply with the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA) of 1973. However, with (1) the signing of Memorandum of Understanding between the U.S. and India, (2) the easing of trade restrictions by the Government of India against foreign firms, (3) the declining value of the U.S. dollar, (4) the slump in the U.S. computer market, (5) the rapid growth in the Indian computer market, and (6) changes in other environmental factors, IBM again began actively seeking and securing new business. By the mid-1980s, IBM had secured a number of large contracts and was on the verge of re-entry into the burgeoning Indian computer market. The purpose of this study is to examine the underlying factors that influence both the divorce and reunification between host country government and the multinational corporation. The study, conducted through personal interviews with chief executives of IBM, government officials, and other knowledgeable persons, examines the social-political aspects of the FERA and its implications for multinationals in India and elsewhere in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unethical business in India became a recognized phenomenon during the second World War. Academic/journalistic/legal concern with ethics has become visible only during the nineties. Corruption-of-the-poor and corruption-of-the-rich need to be distinguished -- especially in the context of globalization. The danger of attributing unethical practices to system failure is recognized. It is also important to bring to bear on intellectual property rights the more fundamental principle of natural property rights. Consciousness ethics will be more crucial than just intellectual ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]