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1. National Responses to International Satellite Television.

Author

Jayakar, Krishna P.

Abstract

Star TV, the first international satellite broadcast system in Asia, has had a profound effect on national broadcasting systems, most of which are rigidly controlled, state owned monopoly organizations. The purpose of this paper was to study the response of national governments, media industries, and the general public to this multichannel direct broadcast service. India is used as a case study because it is generally representative of Asian national broadcast environments and has been specially targeted as a potential market for Star TV's services. Public response to the service has been enthusiastic. Industry has mainly viewed it as a short-term, money-making opportunity. Governments, however, perceive Star TV as a commercial/economic enterprise, and their policy responses have also been governed by this perception. Efforts made by governments so far have been either to strengthen domestic broadcast systems, or to control cable systems that function as carriers for satellite signals. No attempt has been made to apply the provisions of international law which guarantee nations the right of prior consultation and consent to satellite broadcasting or to evolve supranational regional regulatory frameworks. (Contains 25 references.) (Author/KRN)

Published
1993

2. Community Development in Emergent Countries.

Author

Hodgdon, Linwood L.

Abstract

Part of a report of seminar proceedings, these papers on community development in developing nations deal largely with conditions, requirements, and effective principles of rural extension; the government system of community development village workers in outlying regions of Thailand; the methods, organization, accomplishments, and prospects of national development in India; the role of the Presidential Assistant on Community Development in the Philippines; and community development functions of the intergovernmental South Pacific Commission. In addition to reviewing concepts and goals of effective community development, a final group report examines the roles and influence of governments, voluntary organizations, private enterprise, political structures, urbanization, cultural growth, and the national economy. Increased outside assistance and more extensive research are recommended. (ly)

Published
1964

3. Researchers at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Have Reported New Data on Sustainable Food and Agriculture (An Adaptive Neuro-fuzzy Inference System To Monitor and Manage the Soil Quality To Improve Sustainable Farming In Agriculture).

Subjects
SUSTAINABLE agriculture, RESEARCH personnel, SOIL quality, AGRICULTURE, SOFT computing
Abstract

Researchers at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham in India have conducted a study on sustainable food and agriculture. The study focuses on the use of neural networks to optimize and analyze agriculture data for improved farming practices. The researchers propose a back-propagation model with adaptive momentum estimation and the Adam optimizer, which achieves good prediction accuracy and convergence rate. The study concludes that this hybridization of neural networks with adaptive optimization methods outperforms other benchmark algorithms. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in the journal Soft Computing. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

4. Diversity and use of wild and noncultivated edible plants in the Western Himalaya.

Author

Aryal, Kamal Prasad, Poudel, Sushmita, Chaudhary, Ram Prasad, Chettri, Nakul, Chaudhary, Pashupati, Ning, Wu, and Kotru, Rajan

Subjects
GASTROINTESTINAL disease treatment, AGRICULTURE, BUSINESS, CULTURE, FOCUS groups, FOOD, FRUIT, INTERVIEWING, MEDICINE, EDIBLE plants, RESEARCH funding, RITES & ceremonies, GENDER role, SPICES, VEGETABLES, FOOD security, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

Background: Local people in the Himalayan region use a wide range of wild and non-cultivated edible plants (WNEPs) for food, spice, medicinal, and cultural purposes. However, their availability, use, status and contribution to livelihood security are poorly documented, and they have been generally overlooked in recent agro-biodiversity conservation and management programmes. The study aimed to investigate WNEP diversity and current status in a part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape--a transboundary landscape shared by Nepal, India and PR China--in terms of collection, use, management and conservation initiatives. Methods: Multiple methodologies and tools were used for data collection. A series of participatory tools (45 key informant interviews, 10 focus group discussions, a crop diversity fair, direct observation of species through a transect walk and rapid market assessments) was followed by a household survey (195 respondents) and complemented by a literature review. Results: The study recorded 99 WNEPs belonging to 59 families of which 96 were angiosperms, one gymnosperm and two pteridophytes. Species were used for food, spice, medicine, rituals and income generation. Thirty-five species had multiple uses, including these: 40 species were used for fruit and 31 for vegetables. WNEPs contribute significantly to daily food requirements, especially the vegetables. The use value of Dryopteris cochleata was found highest (0.98) among frequently used vegetable species. The values of informant consensus factor were found maximum for worms in the stomach (0.99) and minimum for skin disease treatment (0.67). Nearly 85% of households depended exclusively on WNEPs for at least more than a month per year. Results on the importance and use of different species, gender roles in WNEP activities and conservation approaches are presented. Conclusions: People living in the Kailash Sacred Landscape depend significantly on WNEPs, and this is especially critical in times of food shortage. The WNEPs have considerable potential as an important supplement to cultivated food crops. Farmers prioritise species with multiple use values and popular vegetables. However, there are numerous challenges and interventions needed to ensure conservation and management of species and their continued availability to support food security and local livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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