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The Nineteenth Annual American Real Estate Society (ARES) Meeting was held in Monterey, California, on April 2-5, 2003. Over one hundred papers and panels were presented by academicians, PhD students, [...]

On October 4, 2004 (69 FR 59226-59227), EPA announced the availability of five scientific papers on metals risk assessment. The agency has issued the papers in an effort to promote [...]

If the United States is to maintain technological leadership in aeronautics and aviation, it must support the development of advanced aeronautical technologies, according to a recent ASME white paper. The [...]

For the first time, electronic payments have surpassed cash and checks as consumers' preferred payment method for in-store purchases, a new nationwide consumer payment preferences study conducted by the American [...]

This paper offers a new approach to estimate countries' de facto exchange rate regimes. A synthesis of two techniques. One is a technique that the authors have used in the past to estimate implicit de facto weights when the hypothesis is a basket peg with little flexibility. The second is a technique used by others to estimate the de facto degree of exchange rate flexibility when the hypothesis is an anchor to the dollar or some other single major currency, but with a possibly substantial degree of flexibility around that anchor. Because many currencies today follow variants of band-basket-crawl, it is important to have available a technique that can cover both dimensions, inferring weights and flexibility. We try out the technique on some 20 currencies over the period 1980-2007. Most are currencies that have officially used baskets as anchors for at least part of this sample period. But a few are known floaters or known simple peggers. In general, the synthesis technique seems to work as it should. [JEL F31, F41] IMF Staff Papers (2008) 55, 384-416. doi: 10.1057/imfsp.2008.18;, Exchange rate surveillance has moved back toward the top of the list of the IMF's mandates and priorities. Before one can evaluate whether a given country is following the right [...]

The simple answer to both questions in the title of this paper: No. We concentrate on three key aspects of the banking system's difficulties during the 2001-02 crisis. Two are related to bank behavior (increasing dollarization of the balance sheet and expanding exposure to the government), and the other is related to the degree by which banks were hurt by depositor preferences, specifically, the run on deposits during 2001. We find that there was substantial cross-bank variation, that is, not all banks behaved equally nor were hurt equally by the macroeconomic shocks they faced during the run-up to the crisis. Furthermore, using panel data estimation, we find that depositors were able to distinguish high-risk from low-risk banks, and that individual bank's exposure to currency and government default risk depended on fundamentals and other bank-specific characteristics. Finally, our results have implications for the existence of market discipline in periods of stress, and for banking regulation, which may have led banks to underestimate some of the risks they incurred. [JEL F30, F41, G14, G21] IMF Staff Papers (2007) 54, 621 662. doi:10.1057/palgrave.imfsp.9450022, The literature to date on the Argentine crisis of 2001 has stressed the macroeconomic disequilibria that arose in the 1990s, continued unchecked for several years, and ultimately led to the [...]

We believe that research, teaching, and practice are becoming increasingly disengaged from one another in the OR/MS ecosystem. This ecosystem comprises researchers, educators, and practitioners in its core along with end users, universities, and funding agencies. Continuing disengagement will result in OR/MS occupying only niche areas and disappearing as a distinct field even though its tools would live on. To understand the reasons for this disengagement better and to engender discussion among academics and practitioners on how to counter it, we present the ecosystem's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Incorporated in this paper are insights from a cluster of sessions at the 2006 INFORMS meeting in Pittsburgh ('Where Do We Want to Go in OR/MS?') and from the literature. Subject classifications: operations research; management science; SWOT analysis; ecosystem; change management. Area of review: OR Forum., 1. Introduction The purpose of this paper is to stimulate further discussion among OR/MS academics and practitioners on how to overcome the challenges that the OR/MS community is facing, especially [...]

This paper presents a communication model and nominal definition of advertising images on the Internet, here called the netvertising image (Stern 2001). The model and attribute-based definition facilitate the construction of a formal language system for theory development and hypothesis testing specific to images in the multimedia context. The necessity for so doing is that netvertising has inherited a legacy of fuzzy meanings from marketing, advertising, and consumer behavior research, in which 'image' is used variously across the domains of media, message, mental responses, and marketplace behavior. Transformation from this ordinary but ambiguous language system to a formal scientific one proceeds through building a model, sourcing the roots of ordinary meanings, recasting them as attributes, and setting forth a nominal definition. The paper ends with suggestions for future research., Research on Internet advertising, a phenomenon barely a decade old (Leigh 2000), lacks both a theoretically grounded definition of 'image,' here called the netvertising image (Stern 2001), and an image [...]

The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity (Working Paper No. 7876); Scott Stern, Michael Porter and Jeffrey Furman; National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2001. This paper evaluates the factors driving [...]

This paper argues that current directions in park interpretation reflect an increasing tendency towards the commodification of nature. The quest for profit from nature based activities, particularly tourism, has spawned [...]

Recent growth in the U.S. economy has been in the service sectors, and increased understanding of the marketing and advertising of services is critical to sustaining this growth. This paper investigates issues related to the advertising of common retail services. Results from an empirical study into the relative effectiveness of four types of spokespersons for a hedonic and a utilitarian retail service indicate that a created character fits well with the hedonic service but not with the utilitarian service. The celebrity spokesperson performed well for both types of services, but effects varied across service type. The hypothesized contingency relationship between spokesperson type and service type was supported., Introduction Recent growth in the U.S. economy has been in the services rather than in manufacturing sectors, and increased understanding of the marketing and advertising of services is critical to [...]

This paper compares negative and comparative political advertisements in terms of the cognitive responses their viewers have. In an experiment using ads from a 2000 congressional race, comparative ads provoked fewer source derogations but more counterarguments than did negative ads, a contrast that may reflect differences in the information processing styles the ads invite. Comparative ads also prompted more support arguments, positive affect, and source bolstering, and they were viewed more favorably than were negative ads., Introduction In the 2000 federal elections, candidates, parties, and others spent an estimated $3 billion, and televised political advertising made for more than half of that total (Gordon 2000). At [...]

Proponents of legislative term limits express concern about professional politicians, individuals who have no other occupation than running for and holding office. Term limits presumably will help allow the reemergence of the citizen-legislator. This paper examines whether pre-political background affects Congressional voting, specifically concentrating on whether a business background affects U.S. Chamber of Commerce vote scores. Business background significantly affects voting in the House, even with party affiliation and corporate and labor campaign contributions included as control variables, but background variables are insignificant for Senate voting. JEL D72, Daniel Sutter (*) Introduction The past several decades in American politics have seen unprecedented increases in Congressional tenure and emergence of the career politician, the person who knows no other [...]

Chick and Inoue (2001b) presented new two-stage and sequential selection procedures to identify the best system, assuming independent observations are available. Chick and Inoue (2001a) used results from that paper [...]

OgilvyAction is highly involved in giving brands and retailers a leg up during these hard times through their experience and extensive shopper research. They have created a white paper that [...]

A paper questions whether search engines make popular sites more so THE winner takes all, it is widely supposed in computing circles. Indeed, geeks have coined a word, 'Googlearchy', for [...]

The supplementation of methionine varies widely in the industry from deficient to extremely wasteful, said Dr. Sally Noll of the University of Minnesota in a research paper presented at the [...]

'FOR he that hath, to him shall be given.' Although the Bible may have its scientific shortcomings, St Mark's gospel was spot-on with this observation--at least according to a paper [...]