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Family firms play an important role in the working of the Canadian economy; despite their importance to the economic activities and job creation it is observed that family businesses have lower survival rates than non-family firms, some argue that this can possibly be attributed (amongst other factors) to the lack of training. Most of the training activities in Canadian family businesses tend to be limited, and it is argued that family firms tend to perceive training more as an expense than an asset that enhances future growth and development of the business. This paper introduces a training framework and a coherent strategy that provides key elements of a national training agenda for Canadian small family firms, including the role of various relevant organizations. (Contains 6 figures.)

As the medical cannabis industry in Canada moved from a single government producer to an open market model in 2014, this paper provides insight into how entrepreneurs from illegal medical cannabis dispensaries, as well as legal licensed producers, protect their position and reputation in this 'emerging' market. On the one hand, MCDs are illegal, niche-filling entities that have historically been 'boxed out' by the legal framework, trying to survive untouched by enforcement and supported by faithful clientele. Licensed producers (LPs), on the other hand, are new legal entities that follow a strict government regulated framework, and are essentially stepping on their illegal predecessor's territory. This project draws on 63 in-depth qualitative interviews, when medical cannabis access transitioned to an open market model. In this context, we see that rather than attempts to construct a credible shared identity for legitimacy, the emphasis is on building a distinct identity narrative in the face of market competition. The emergence of legal cannabis markets and the future of cannabis legalization in Canada presents a fruitful avenue for continuing the study of both the micro and macro processes in emerging markets, organizations, and entrepreneurial activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we draw on a case study of the development of commercial whale-watching on Canada's west coast to explore the role of macro-cultural discourse and local actors in the structuration of new institutional fields. We argue that the development of the commercial whale-watching industry in the area was made possible by broad macro-cultural changes in the conceptualization of whales in North America. At the same time, however, the characteristics of the geographically distinct institutional fields that emerged depended on local action and the processes of structuration that those actions supported. The constitution of specific new fields required interested actors to engage in the institutional inn ovation and isomorphism that produced the unique networks of relationships and sets of institutions that constituted those fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the possibilities of an alternative development of Canadian Aboriginal society by analyzing the influence of their traditional values on business operations. In order to identify if and how Aboriginal traditions can be included in their economy, this study conducted interviews with First Nations individual entrepreneurs in Quebec and Ontario. It identifies that traditional Aboriginal values facilitate the formation of social behaviors in business operations. Aboriginal peoples are involved in the mainstream market economy in a distinct and social way. Alternative Aboriginal development, and perhaps even the development of the larger society, is possible through emphasizing various social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The regional economic crisis that descended upon the Maritimes in the 1920s wrought considerable change to the business world of the entrepreneurial bourgeoisie in Saint John, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the interaction between social capital and entrepreneurship in Aboriginal communities in Canada. Utilization of how statistical and interview data from three First Nations communities in northern Ontario; Examination if and how bonding networks turn into tangible resources for business development; Ways in which community relationships hinder entrepreneurship and turn into barriers to economic development; Examples of how insight into the interaction between public policy and social networks can help understand the barriers and opportunities facing community developers in marginalized communities around the world.

This article discusses women's occupational careers as managers and entrepreneurs in France and Canada. The world of business management has long been the domain of men. With increasing numbers of women embarking on careers in management, we are witnessing an important change in the sexual division of labor in postindustrial societies. To understand the transformations taking place in the organization of work, we need to turn our attention to the careers of managerial women. The concept of the occupational career has, for the most part, been conceived in the context of the male experience. A career involves a sequence of jobs leading to upward mobility and greater power, privilege, and prestige. It implies involvement in, and commitment to, the occupation.

Examines the relationships among community innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge, and grantmaking in the field of community economic development in Canada. Assessment of the experience of the Community Economic Development Technical Assistance Program; Illustration on how the multiple roles played by individual entrepreneurs and the social entrepreneurship of the local Community Economic Development organization combine to drive the innovation process; Call on practitioners and scholars to better understand the nature of, and interrelationships among community innovation, entrepreneurship, knowledge and grantmaking in community economic development.

Governments' perceptions of the importance of self-employment is underscored by the growing number of publicly-supported self-employment training schemes. This study contrasts findings from two Canadian case studies on self-employment programming. The scope of issues inherent in programme assessment are presented. Findings suggest that the make-up of the assessment team and methodology employed impact the criteria used and interpretation of programme effectiveness. Programme stakeholders include participants, training and programme delivery agents, policy-makers, unions, business owners, and employment equity groups. Recommendations include the use of more inclusive assessment criteria in monitoring programme impact, criteria that include changes to participants' lifestyle, work/family relationships, longer-term earning patterns, income stability, the quality of work life, etc. Evaluation criteria from which agencies can model future programme assessments including measurement characteristics of the costs and benefits for stakeholders are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]