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Globalization and the quest for organizational efficiency have blurred the line between work and personal life. It is increasingly difficult to separate roles and avoid extending working hours, which can lead to overexposure to psychosocial risk factors, affecting the mental health of workers and increasing costs for organizations. This article characterizes the relationship between work-life balance (WLB) and workers' mental health (stress, depression, anxiety, burnout, anguish, and fatigue) through a systematic review of the literature. The concept of WLB was clarified by analyzing 43 studies. The general findings on the relationship between WLB and mental health were presented, and the context of the selected studies was analyzed, emphasizing sectors or occupations. It was found that some studies do not truly focus on WLB since they prefer to focus on the negative perspective (conflict), and in the case of mental health, the studies focus on the symptoms of the disease. In other findings, it was determined that there is no consensus on results by gender nor regarding the impact of labor flexibility on the relationship (WLB and mental health). Methodologically, most studies were quantitative, cross-sectional, and with homogeneous samples, which contemplated the individual perspective (self-report), and only one studied the working conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]