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1. Burden of infectious disease studies in Europe and the United Kingdom: a review of methodological design choices

Author

Charalampous, P. (Periklis), Haagsma, J.A. (Juanita A.), Jakobsen, L.S. (Lea S.), Gorasso, V. (Vanessa), Noguer, I. (Isabel), Padrón-Monedero, A. (Alicia), Sarmiento, R. (Rodrigo), Santos, J.V. (Joao Vasco), McDonald, S.A. (Scott A.), Plass, D. (Dietrich), Wyper, G.M.A. (Grant M. A.), Assunçao, R. (Ricardo), von-der-Lippe, E. (Elena), Ádám, B. (Balázs), AlKerw, A. (Ala’a), Arabloo, J. (Jalal), Baltazar, A.L. (Ana Lúcia), Bikbov, B. (Boris), Borrell-Pages, M. (Maria), Brus, I. (Iris), Burazeri, G. (Genc), Chaintoutis, S.C. (Serafeim C.), Chen-Xu, J. (José), Chkhaberidze, N. (Nino), Cilovic-Lagarija, S. (Seila), Corso, B. (Barbara), Cuschieri, S. (Sarah), Di-Bari, C. (Carlotta), Dopelt, K. (Keren), Economou, M. (Mary), Emeto, T.I. (Theophilus I.), Fantke, P. (Peter), Fischer, F. (Florian), Freitas, A. (Alberto), García-González, J.M. (Juan Manuel), Gazzelloni, F. (Federica), Gissler, M. (Mika), Gkitakou, A. (Artemis), Gulmez, H. (Hakan), Gunes, S. (Sezgin), Haller, S. (Sebastian), Haneef, R. (Romana), Hincapie, C.A. (Cesar A.), Hynds, P. (Paul), Idavain, J. (Jane), Ilic, M. (Milena), Ilic, I. (Irena), Isola, G. (Gaetano), Kabir, Z. (Zubair), Kamusheva, M. (Maria), Kolkhir, P. (Pavel), Konar, N.M. (Naime Meriç), Kostoulas, P. (Polychronis), Kulimbet, M. (Mukhtar), La-Vecchia, C. (Carlo), Lauriola, P. (Paolo), Levi, M. (Miriam), Majer, M. (Marjeta), Mechili, E.A. (Enkeleint A.), Monasta, L. (Lorenzo), Mondello, S. (Stefania), Muñoz-Laguna, J. (Javier), Nena, E. (Evangelia), Ng, E.S.W. (Edmond S. W.), Nguewa, P.A. (Paul Alain), Niranjan, V. (Vikram), Nola, I.A. (Iskra Alexandra), O'Caoimh, R. (Rónán), Obradovic, M. (Marija), Pallari, E. (Elena), Peyroteo, M. (Mariana), Pinheiro, V. (Vera), Pranjic, N. (Nurka), Reina-Ortiz, M. (Miguel), Riva, S. (Silvia), Santoso, C.M.A. (Cornelia Melinda Adi), Milicevic, M.S. (Milena Santric), Schmitt, T. (Tugce), Speybroeck, N. (Niko), Sprügel, M. (Maximilian), Steiropoulos, P. (Paschalis), Stevanovic, A. (Aleksandar), Thygesen, L.C. (Lau Caspar), Tozija, F. (Fimka), Unim, B. (Brigid), Uysal, H.B. (Hilal Bektas), Varga, O. (Orsolya), Vasic, M. (Milena), Vieira, R.J. (Rafael José), Yigit, V. (Vahit), Devleesschauwer, B. (Brecht), and Pires, S.M. (Sara M.)

Subjects
Burden of disease, Methodology, Systematic review, Infectious diseases, Disability-adjusted life years
Abstract

This systematic literature review aimed to provide an overview of the characteristics and methods used in studies applying the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) concept for infectious diseases within European Union (EU)/European Economic Area (EEA)/European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries and the United Kingdom. Electronic databases and grey literature were searched for articles reporting the assessment of DALY and its components. We considered studies in which researchers performed DALY calculations using primary epidemiological data input sources. We screened 3053 studies of which 2948 were excluded and 105 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these studies, 22 were multi-country and 83 were single-country studies, of which 46 were from the Netherlands. Food- and water-borne diseases were the most frequently studied infectious diseases. Between 2015 and 2022, the number of burden of infectious disease studies was 1.6 times higher compared to that published between 2000 and 2014. Almost all studies (97%) estimated DALYs based on the incidence- and pathogen-based approach and without social weighting functions; however, there was less methodological consensus with regards to the disability weights and life tables that were applied. The number of burden of infectious disease studies undertaken across Europe has increased over time. Development and use of guidelines will promote performing burden of infectious disease studies and facilitate comparability of the results.

Published
2023

2. The burden of injury in Central, Eastern, and Western European sub-region: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 Study

Author

Juanita A. Haagsma, Periklis Charalampous, Filippo Ariani, Anne Gallay, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Evangelia Nena, Che Henry Ngwa, Alexander Rommel, Ausra Zelviene, Kedir Hussein Abegaz, Hanadi Al Hamad, Luciana Albano, Catalina Liliana Andrei, Tudorel Andrei, Ippazio Cosimo Antonazzo, Olatunde Aremu, Ashokan Arumugam, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos, Luchuo Engelbert Bain, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Massimiliano Beghi, Derrick A. Bennett, Akshaya S. Bhagavathula, Félix Carvalho, Giulio Castelpietra, Ledda Caterina, Joht Singh Chandan, Rosa A. S. Couto, Natália Cruz-Martins, Giovanni Damiani, Anna Dastiridou, Andreas K. Demetriades, Diana Dias-da-Silva, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Florian Fischer, Urbano Fra.Paleo, Silvia Ghirini, James C. Glasbey, Ionela-Roxana Glavan, Nelson G. M. Gomes, Michal Grivna, Netanja I. Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, M. Tasdik Hasan, Sorin Hostiuc, Ivo Iavicoli, Milena D. Ilic, Irena M. Ilic, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Jost B. Jonas, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Joonas H. Kauppila, Gbenga A. Kayode, Moien A. B. Khan, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ai Koyanagi, Manasi Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Carlo La-Vecchia, Demetris Lamnisos, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Shai Linn, Joana A. Loureiro, Raimundas Lunevicius, Aurea Madureira-Carvalho, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Azeem Majeed, Ritesh G. Menezes, Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis, Atte Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Tomasz Miazgowski, Bartosz Miazgowski, Andreea Mirica, Mariam Molokhia, Shafiu Mohammed, Lorenzo Monasta, Francesk Mulita, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Ionut Negoi, Subas Neupane, Bogdan Oancea, Hans Orru, Adrian Otoiu, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Shahina Pardhan, Jay Patel, Paolo Pedersini, Marina Pinheiro, Ivo Rakovac, Chythra R. Rao, Salman Rawaf, David Laith Rawaf, Violet Rodrigues, Luca Ronfani, Dominic Sagoe, Francesco Sanmarchi, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Brijesh Sathian, Aziz Sheikh, Rahman Shiri, Siddharudha Shivalli, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Rannveig Sigurvinsdottir, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Catalin-Gabriel Smarandache, Bogdan Socea, Raúl A. R. C. Sousa, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Fimka Tozija, Sarah Van de Velde, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Massimiliano Veroux, Francesco S. Violante, Vasiliy Vlassov, Yanzhong Wang, Ali Yadollahpour, Sanni Yaya, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Anasthasia Zastrozhina, Suzanne Polinder, Marek Majdan, Haagsma, J, Charalampous, P, Ariani, F, Gallay, A, Moesgaard Iburg, K, Nena, E, Ngwa, C, Rommel, A, Zelviene, A, Abegaz, K, Al Hamad, H, Albano, L, Liliana Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Antonazzo, I, Aremu, O, Arumugam, A, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Ayuso-Mateos, J, Engelbert Bain, L, Banach, M, Winfried Bärnighausen, T, Barone-Adesi, F, Beghi, M, Bennett, D, Bhagavathula, A, Carvalho, F, Castelpietra, G, Caterina, L, Chandan, J, Couto, R, Cruz-Martins, N, Damiani, G, Dastiridou, A, Demetriades, A, Dias-da-Silva, D, Francis Fagbamigbe, A, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Fischer, F, Fra. Paleo, U, Ghirini, S, Glasbey, J, Glavan, I, Gomes, N, Grivna, M, Harlianto, N, Haro, J, Hasan, M, Hostiuc, S, Iavicoli, I, Ilic, M, Ilic, I, Jakovljevic, M, Jonas, J, Jerzy Jozwiak, J, Jürisson, M, Kauppila, J, Kayode, G, Khan, M, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, M, Kurmi, O, La-Vecchia, C, Lamnisos, D, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Linn, S, Loureiro, J, Lunevicius, R, Madureira-Carvalho, A, Mechili, E, Majeed, A, Menezes, R, Mentis, A, Meretoja, A, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, T, Miazgowski, B, Mirica, A, Molokhia, M, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Mulita, F, David Naimzada, M, Negoi, I, Neupane, S, Oancea, B, Orru, H, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Padron-Monedero, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pardhan, S, Patel, J, Pedersini, P, Pinheiro, M, Rakovac, I, Rao, C, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, D, Rodrigues, V, Ronfani, L, Sagoe, D, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sathian, B, Sheikh, A, Shiri, R, Shivalli, S, Dora Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Yurievich Skryabin, V, Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A, Smarandache, C, Socea, B, Sousa, R, Steiropoulos, P, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Roberto Tovani-Palone, M, Tozija, F, Van de Velde, S, Juhani Vasankari, T, Veroux, M, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Wang, Y, Yadollahpour, A, Yaya, S, Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Polinder, S, Majdan, M, Haagsma, J. A., Charalampous, P., Ariani, F., Gallay, A., Moesgaard Iburg, K., Nena, E., Ngwa, C. H., Rommel, A., Zelviene, A., Abegaz, K. H., Al Hamad, H., Albano, L., Liliana Andrei, C., Andrei, T., Antonazzo, I. C., Aremu, O., Arumugam, A., Atreya, A., Aujayeb, A., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Engelbert Bain, L., Banach, M., Winfried Barnighausen, T., Barone-Adesi, F., Beghi, M., Bennett, D. A., Bhagavathula, A. S., Carvalho, F., Castelpietra, G., Caterina, L., Chandan, J. S., Couto, R. A. S., Cruz-Martins, N., Damiani, G., Dastiridou, A., Demetriades, A. K., Dias-da-Silva, D., Fagbamigbe, A. F., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Fischer, F., Fr, a. Paleo U., Ghirini, S., Glasbey, J. C., Glavan, I. -R., Gomes, N. G. M., Grivna, M., Harlianto, N. I., Haro, J. M., Hasan, M. T., Hostiuc, S., Iavicoli, I., Ilic, M. D., Ilic, I. M., Jakovljevic, M., Jonas, J. B., Jerzy Jozwiak, J., Jurisson, M., Kauppila, J. H., Kayode, G. A., Khan, M. A. B., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Koyanagi, A., Kumar, M., Kurmi, O. P., La-Vecchia, C., Lamnisos, D., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Linn, S., Loureiro, J. A., Lunevicius, R., Madureira-Carvalho, A., Mechili, E. A., Majeed, A., Menezes, R. G., Mentis, A. -F. A., Meretoja, A., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, T., Miazgowski, B., Mirica, A., Molokhia, M., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Mulita, F., David Naimzada, M., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Oancea, B., Orru, H., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Padron-Monedero, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pardhan, S., Patel, J., Pedersini, P., Pinheiro, M., Rakovac, I., Rao, C. R., Rawaf, S., Rawaf, D. L., Rodrigues, V., Ronfani, L., Sagoe, D., Sanmarchi, F., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Sathian, B., Sheikh, A., Shiri, R., Shivalli, S., Dora Sigfusdottir, I., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Yurievich Skryabin, V., Aleksandrovna Skryabina, A., Smarandache, C. -G., Socea, B., Sousa, R. A. R. C., Steiropoulos, P., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Roberto Tovani-Palone, M., Tozija, F., Van de Velde, S., Juhani Vasankari, T., Veroux, M., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Wang, Y., Yadollahpour, A., Yaya, S., Sergeevich Zastrozhin, M., Zastrozhina, A., Polinder, S., Majdan, M., Haagsma, Ja, Iburg, Km, Ngwa, Ch, Abegaz, Kh, Andrei, Cl, Antonazzo, Ic, Ayuso-Mateos, Jl, Bain, Le, Barnighausen, Tw, Bennett, Da, Couto, Ra, Demetriades, Ak, Fagbamigbe, Af, Fereshtehnejad, Sm, Fra Paleo, U, Glasbey, Jc, Glavan, Ir, Gomes, Ngm, Harlianto, Ni, Haro, Jm, Hasan, Mt, Ilic, Md, Ilic, Im, Jonas, Jb, Jozwiak, Jj, Jurisson, M, Kauppila, Jh, Kayode, Ga, Khan, Mab, Kurmi, Op, Loureiro, Ja, Mechili, Ea, Menezes, Rg, Mentis, Afa, Naimzada, Md, Rao, Cr, Rawaf, Dl, Santric-Milicevic, Mm, Sigfusdottir, Id, Skryabin, Vy, Skryabina, Aa, Smarandache, Cg, Sousa, Rarc, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tovani-Palone, Mr, Vasankari, Tj, Wang, Yz, Zastrozhin, M, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, HUS Neurocenter, Neurologian yksikkö, Public Health, Tampere University, Health Sciences, and Clinical Medicine

Subjects
Science & Technology, Injuries, DEATHS, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Burden of disease, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3121 Internal medicine, Disability adjusted life years, Mortality, Europe, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Injurie, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, INEQUALITIES, Public Health, Human medicine, Disability adjusted life year, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Abstract

Background Injury remains a major concern to public health in the European region. Previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study showed wide variation in injury death and disability adjusted life year (DALY) rates across Europe, indicating injury inequality gaps between sub-regions and countries. The objectives of this study were to: 1) compare GBD 2019 estimates on injury mortality and DALYs across European sub-regions and countries by cause-of-injury category and sex; 2) examine changes in injury DALY rates over a 20 year-period by cause-of-injury category, sub-region and country; and 3) assess inequalities in injury mortality and DALY rates across the countries. Methods We performed a secondary database descriptive study using the GBD 2019 results on injuries in 44 European countries from 2000 to 2019. Inequality in DALY rates between these countries was assessed by calculating the DALY rate ratio between the highest-ranking country and lowest-ranking country in each year. Results In 2019, in Eastern Europe 80 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 71 to 89] people per 100,000 died from injuries; twice as high compared to Central Europe (38 injury deaths per 100,000; 95% UI 34 to 42) and three times as high compared to Western Europe (27 injury deaths per 100,000; 95%UI 25 to 28). The injury DALY rates showed less pronounced differences between Eastern (5129 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 4547 to 5864), Central (2940 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 2452 to 3546) and Western Europe (1782 DALYs per 100,000; 95% UI: 1523 to 2115). Injury DALY rate was lowest in Italy (1489 DALYs per 100,000) and highest in Ukraine (5553 DALYs per 100,000). The difference in injury DALY rates by country was larger for males compared to females. The DALY rate ratio was highest in 2005, with DALY rate in the lowest-ranking country (Russian Federation) 6.0 times higher compared to the highest-ranking country (Malta). After 2005, the DALY rate ratio between the lowest- and the highest-ranking country gradually decreased to 3.7 in 2019. Conclusions Injury mortality and DALY rates were highest in Eastern Europe and lowest in Western Europe, although differences in injury DALY rates declined rapidly, particularly in the past decade. The injury DALY rate ratio of highest- and lowest-ranking country declined from 2005 onwards, indicating declining inequalities in injuries between European countries.

Published
2022
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3. Methodological considerations in injury burden of disease studies across Europe: a systematic literature review

Author

Charalampous, Periklis, Pallari, Elena, Gorasso, Vanessa, von der Lippe, Elena, Devleesschauwer, Brecht, Pires, Sara M, Plass, Dietrich, Idavain, Jane, Ngwa, Che Henry, Noguer, Isabel, Padron- Monedero, Alicia, Sarmiento, Rodrigo, Majdan, Marek, Ádám, Balázs, AlKerwi, Ala’a, Cilovic- Lagarija, Seila, Clarsen, Benjamin, Corso, Barbara, Cuschieri, Sarah, Dopelt, Keren, Economou, Mary, Fischer, Florian, Freitas, Alberto, García-González, Juan Manuel, Gazzelloni, Federica, Gkitakou, Artemis, Gulmez, Hakan, Hynds, Paul, Isola, Gaetano, Jakobsen, Lea S, Kabir, Zubair, Kissimova-Skarbek, Katarzyna, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Meriç Konar, Naime, Ladeira, Carina, Lassen, Brian, Liew, Aaron, Majer, Marjeta, Mechili, Enkeleint A, Mereke, Alibek, Monasta, Lorenzo, Mondello, Stefania, Morgado, Joana Nazaré, Nena, Evangelia, Ng Edmond S.W., Niranjan, Vikram, Nola, Iskra Alexandra, O’Caoimh, Rónán, Petrou, Panagiotis, Pinheiro, Vera, Ortiz, Miguel Reina, Riva, Silva, Samouda, Hanen, Santos, João Vasco, Santoso, Cornelia Melinda Adi, Santric Milicevic, Milena, Skempes, Dimitrios, Sousa, Ana Catarina, Speybroeck, Niko, Tozija, Fimka, Unim, Brigid, Uysal, Hilal Bektaş, Vaccaro, Fabrizio Giovanni, Varga, Orsolya, Vasic, Milena, Violante, Francesco Saverio, Wyper, Grant M. A., Polinder, Suzzane, Haagsma, Juanita A., No funding was received for this study, Tıp Fakültesi, Naime Meriç Konar / 0000-0002-6593-7617, Charalampous P., Pallari E., Gorasso V., von der Lippe E., Devleesschauwer B., Pires S.M., Plass D., Idavain J., Ngwa C.H., Noguer I., Padron-Monedero A., Sarmiento R., Majdan M., Adam B., AlKerwi A., Cilovic-Lagarija S., Clarsen B., Corso B., Cuschieri S., Dopelt K., Economou M., Fischer F., Freitas A., Garcia-Gonzalez J.M., Gazzelloni F., Gkitakou A., Gulmez H., Hynds P., Isola G., Jakobsen L.S., Kabir Z., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Knudsen A.K., Konar N.M., Ladeira C., Lassen B., Liew A., Majer M., Mechili E.A., Mereke A., Monasta L., Mondello S., Morgado J.N., Nena E., Ng E.S.W., Niranjan V., Nola I.A., O'Caoimh R., Petrou P., Pinheiro V., Ortiz M.R., Riva S., Samouda H., Santos J.V., Santoso C.M.A., Milicevic M.S., Skempes D., Sousa A.C., Speybroeck N., Tozija F., Unim B., Uysal H.B., Vaccaro F.G., Varga O., Vasic M., Violante F.S., Wyper G.M.A., Polinder S., Haagsma J.A., and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

Subjects
Burden of Injury, Burden of disease, Disability-adjusted life years, Review, Methodology, Disability-adjusted life year, Global Burden of Disease, Carga Global de Enfermedades, Costo de Enfermedad, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Cost of Illness, HEALTH BURDEN, Medicine and Health Sciences, Humans, Disabled Persons, TRAUMA, Personas con Discapacidad, ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS, MORTALITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Morbilidad, Enfermedades, EVOLUTION, Europe, SERIOUS ROAD INJURIES, SAFETY, Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de Vida, DISABILITY WEIGHTS, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Review Methodology, TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS
Abstract

© The Author(s) 2022. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data., Background: Calculating the disease burden due to injury is complex, as it requires many methodological choices. Until now, an overview of the methodological design choices that have been made in burden of disease (BoD) studies in injury populations is not available. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify existing injury BoD studies undertaken across Europe and to comprehensively review the methodological design choices and assumption parameters that have been made to calculate years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) in these studies. Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and the grey literature supplemented by handsearching, for BoD studies. We included injury BoD studies that quantified the BoD expressed in YLL, YLD, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) in countries within the European Region between early-1990 and mid-2021. Results: We retrieved 2,914 results of which 48 performed an injury-specific BoD assessment. Single-country independent and Global Burden of Disease (GBD)-linked injury BoD studies were performed in 11 European countries. Approximately 79% of injury BoD studies reported the BoD by external cause-of-injury. Most independent studies used the incidence-based approach to calculate YLDs. About half of the injury disease burden studies applied disability weights (DWs) developed by the GBD study. Almost all independent injury studies have determined YLL using national life tables. Conclusions: Considerable methodological variation across independent injury BoD assessments was observed; differences were mainly apparent in the design choices and assumption parameters towards injury YLD calculations, implementation of DWs, and the choice of life table for YLL calculations. Development and use of guidelines for performing and reporting of injury BoD studies is crucial to enhance transparency and comparability of injury BoD estimates across Europe and beyond.

Published
2022
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