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According to International Energy Agency (IEA), 35% of total energy is consumed in buildings. Proper management of building energy would effectively improve fossil fuel consumption by integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper introduces novel methodology to deploy Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for buildings. The developed methodology composed of two steps: evaluation of RES deployment to a building and evaluation of load-generation scenarios in buildings. At first, the proposed algorithm obtains information about building facilities and structure that can be used to deploy PV, wind turbine and gas generator. Solar and wind profiles are analyzed and integrated with building energy model, which is used to evaluate potential energy generation scenarios. The second step includes the evaluation of different supply—generation scenarios based on load profiles and solar and wind generation profiles. This step will include the minimization of energy loss and will seek effective utilization of generated energy. A case study of domestic home in Toronto, Canada, was chosen as an example to demonstrate the proposed algorithm. Results are shown and analyzed which demonstrate the different scenarios generated for the selected case study based on loads and generation profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to International Energy Agency (IEA), 35% of total energy is consumed in buildings. Proper management of building energy would effectively improve fossil fuel consumption by integrating Renewable Energy Sources (RES). This paper introduces novel methodology to deploy Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for buildings. The developed methodology composed of two steps: evaluation of RES deployment to a building and evaluation of load-generation scenarios in buildings. At first, the proposed algorithm obtains information about building facilities and structure that can be used to deploy PV, wind turbine and gas generator. Solar and wind profiles are analyzed and integrated with building energy model, which is used to evaluate potential energy generation scenarios. The second step includes the evaluation of different supply--generation scenarios based on load profiles and solar and wind generation profiles. This step will include the minimization of energy loss and will seek effective utilization of generated energy. A case study of domestic home in Toronto, Canada, was chosen as an example to demonstrate the proposed algorithm. Results are shown and analyzed which demonstrate the different scenarios generated for the selected case study based on loads and generation profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work provided herein involves a comparison of natural gas and hydrogen fuels for the purpose of energy conservation for buildings via alternative energy generation methodologies. A case study simulation was developed for an average type of commercial building, a nine storey hotel located in Toronto. The two alternative energy source case studies involved the generation of hydrogen via the wind turbine for the fuel cell, and the use of natural gas directly in the steam reforming fuel cell. The simulations for both scenarios were run and the recorded results were compared to the original case study, as well as between the scenarios. To supply for the base load of the building the fuel cells were given the same kW rating for both scenarios. The identification of all existing technologies for hydrogen gas and natural gas has been carried out, and the similar technologies between the two gases were found. For the purpose of realism, only existing purchasable technologies were considered in this paper. Due to the lack of commercially available technologies for hydrogen gas, only a comparison of fuel cell systems could be accomplished. Over the course of the investigative work it was found that when there is no direct supply of hydrogen to the site of utilization, the natural gas fuel cell is beneficial to the building due to its greater efficiency and lower cost. The major drawback for the hydrogen gas fuel cell, when the on-site generation is involved, is that no thermal power extraction systems currently exist for purchase and utilization in the buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]