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Present study was undertaken to assess AMH concentration in serum and histopathological study of AFC in buffalo ovaries. Total 30 pair of ovary were collected in 10% Neutral Buffer Formalin. Blood samples were also collected before slaughtering the buffalo animals for estimation of AMH concentration. Before processing, 10 serial sections of each pair of ovary was done for histopathological examinations. All the serial sections of the ovaries were processed as per the standard procedure. On the basis of histopathological examinations and follicle count, animals were categorized as cyclic and anestrus. Out of 30 pairs of ovary, 18 pairs were identified as anestrus and 12 as cyclic. The mean number of primordial, antral and growing ovarian follicles count of cyclic buffaloes were 0.42±0.07, 0.15±0.03 and 4.47±0.03 and 0.49±0.02, 0.16±0.03 and 0.41±0.06 for anestrus buffaloes, respectively. Growing follicles were significantly higher in cyclic as compared to anestrous buffaloes. However, the difference of primordial and antral follicle count remained non-significant in cyclic and anestrous buffaloes. Whereas, AMH concentration in cyclic buffaloes (273.50±48.52) was significantly higher than anestrous buffaloes (79.40±7.80). Therefore, it is concluded that, anti-mullerian hormone is an endocrine marker and can predict the fertility of animal. Also, follicular count is positively correlated with AMH concentration.

An experiment was conducted to study the anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration, antral follicle count (AFC) and progesterone (P4) concentration during estrous cycle in Murrah buffaloes. Seven animals of 5–10 years were selected for the study. All the animals were synchronized as per the ovsync protocol and the pair of ovary of each animal was scanned by ultrasonography on 0, 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 21st day of estrous cycle. Blood was collected on the same day to evaluate serum AMH and P4 concentration. The nonsignificant difference was observed in antral follicle count of 3–5 mm, 5–8 mm and total follicles count (> 3 mm), whereas, significantly lower mean values of >8 mm of antral follicles were recorded on the day of estrus (0.14 ±0.14) as compared to 3rd, 7th, 11th, 14th, 17th and 21st day of estrous cycle. The significant individual variation was recorded in average mean of 3 - 5 mm and total antral follicle count (>3 mm). However, the difference for 5 - 8 mm and >8 mm was nonsignificant. The positive correlation of low and high antral follicle count was observed in the present study. Two animals of low antral follicle count remained non pregnant and two animals showed 3 follicular waves during estrous cycle. The nonsignificant difference was recorded in AMH concentration during estrous cycle, whereas, individual variation in AMH concentration differ significantly. The progesterone concentration showed significant increase and decrease in values according to the stages of estrous cycle.

An experiment was conducted to quantify the anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) concentration in heifers and anestrus Murrah buffaloes during fortnight blood collections for 3 months. Two groups of heifer and anestrus Murrah buffaloes were formed on the basis of record and actual per rectal examination. Serum AMH concentration was determined by ELISA method, using bovine AMH ELISA kit. Nonsignificant difference was recorded in AMH concentration (pg/ml) in heifer and anestrus buffaloes during fortnight collection (0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75). Highly significant individual variation was observed in heifer and anestrus buffaloes in this study. Heifers (6) with AMH concentration above 200 pg/ml were pregnant and 4 heifers with AMH concentration below 200 pg/ml were non pregnant. AMH concentration is a reliable phenotypic marker to predict the number of healthy follicles and oocytes, in ovaries and predict the future potential of heifers and young adult buffaloes. The cut-off value of AMH concentration in Murrah heifers buffaloes as a marker of fertility may be 200 pg/ml. However, study with more number of buffaloes is required to determine the accurate cut-off value of AMH concentration.

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of 2 housing systems and seasonal variations on physiological responses and haematological parameters of buffaloes. Twelve buffaloes were selected and randomly divided into 2 equal groups. Animals of group A were housed in shade with net and animals of group B in shade without net. The experiment was conducted for 2 seasons i.e. monsoon and winter. The physiological responses were recorded weekly. Blood samples were aseptically collected fortnightly and were analyzed for hematological studies. All the parameters of physiological responses viz. respiration rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, and pulse rate were non significantly higher in group B as compared to group A in monsoon and winter seasons. Highly significant increase in mean values of Hb, TEC, TLC and PCV was observed in group A than the group B values in monsoon and winter seasons. Significantly higher values of lymphocytes and neutrophils was observed in group A during monsoon and non-significantly lower values in group B during winter season. Eosinophils and monocytes were non significantly higher in group B during monsoon and winter season as compared to group A. The temperature humidity index (THI) showed significantly lower in group A as compared to group B in both the seasons.