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Bacterial contamination of the uterus is inevitable during the first three weeks of calving in the cow. The potential importance of unculturable bacteria in the establishment of postpartum endometritis is reported in the cow; however, existence of unculturable bacteria is not known in the postpartum uterus of the buffalo. Accordingly, sterile endometrial swab was collected in peptone water on day 20-21 post-calving from Murrah buffalo (n=12) without vaginal contamination and bacterial gDNA was isolated. Using gene specific primers, 16S rRNA was amplified by PCR. The purified PCR product was sequenced and was compared in Ribosomal database project (RDBP). Genetic distance was calculated using multiple alignments with ClustalW model in MegAlign module of Lasergene Package. The phylogenetic relationship was analyzed using the software MEGA 5.1 by neighbourhood joining method. The results revealed that invariably every sample contained uncharacterized bacteria (100%); however, no new species of was found. The clinical significance of uncharacterized bacteria in the establishment of postpartum endometritis needs to be determined in the buffalo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contents: Developing alternate therapies for bovine endometritis is important in the context of drug residues in the milk and emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria. In this regard, we studied the immunomodulatory effect of curcumin 30 µM, on lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS) and/or flagellin (100 ng/ml each)‐induced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proinflammatory cytokines (PIC) using primary bubaline endometrial stromal cells. After 24 hr treatment, the supernatant was assayed for PGE2 while cells were used for relative quantification of cytokines like IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF α transcripts using a control group as calibrator. LPS was found to possess potent stimulatory effect on PGE2 production, whereas the flagellin was not as potent as LPS in stimulating the PGE2 production either per se or in combination with LPS. LPS markedly up‐regulated the transcripts of IL‐8 and IL‐6 as compared to IL‐1β and TNF α in the bubaline endometrial stromal cells. Except for IL‐8, flagellin did not up‐regulate other PICs. There was no additive effect between LPS and flagellin on the up‐regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Curcumin inhibited the LPS‐induced up‐regulation of PIC with strong down‐regulation of IL‐8. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on the inflammatory mediators suggest a potential in the treatment of bovine endometritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study related to determination of mRNA expression of cytokines like interleukin (IL) 1, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of endometritic buffaloes. Topics discussed include diagnosis of buffaloes for positive endometrisis, blood sample collected by density gradient centrifugation using Lymphocyte Separation Media in the study and use of t-test to test the significance threshold cycle value of ß-actin gene.

The objective of this study was to investigate the endometrial expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL8 and TNFα) along with TLR4 and CD14 in normal and endometritic buffaloes. The genitalia were collected in the abattoir and divided into three groups as normal (gr. I = 12), clinical endometritis (CE, gr. II = 12) based on positive color reaction to white side test of uterine discharge and sub-clinical endometritis (SCE, gr. III = 12) based on endometrial cytology (presence of ⩾5% PMNs) and histopathology. The equal numbers of genitalia were grouped into follicular and luteal stage in each group. Endometrial tissue scrapings were used for total RNA extraction and cDNA was transcribed and amplified by Real time PCR. The results showed several fold higher expression of all cytokine transcripts in CE (gr. II), whereas significant up-regulation of CD14 (1 to 2-fold), IL6 (15 to 36-fold), IL8 (8 to 14-fold) and TNFa (10 to 11-fold) mRNA was observed in SCE. This indicates that the evaluation of expression patterns of certain cytokines gene holds promise to diagnose the severity and degree of uterine inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the profiling of nitric oxide and prostaglandin metabolites in buffaloes with impending postpartum reproductive disorders (PRD). Events of calving, expulsion of fetal membranes and occurrence of PRD, including metritis, endometritis and delayed uterine involution were observed during the course of one week prepartum to four weeks postpartum period. It was observed that higher NO concentration and prostaglandin level was found in buffaloes affected with PRD.

The article highlights a study which investigated the effect of supplementation with area specific mineral mixture (ASMM) on the reproductive performance of buffaloes in Uttar Pradesh, India. The reproductive parameters examined include onset of estrus, duration of estrus, duration of estrus cycle and pregnancy. Results of the study indicated that reproductive performance in buffaloes was improved by ASMM supplementation.

The article discusses a study which examined the effectiveness of a treatment with progestagen in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) on estrus induction, prevention of prolonged anestrus and fertility in noncycling buffaloes. It reveals that buffaloes which received a combination of progestagen and PMSG showed higher estrus and synchronization rates than the control group. It recommends the treatment with progestagen and PMSG at 120 days postpartum to induce estrus, prevent anestrus, and reduce the calving-conception interval.

A pluriparous full term pregnant Murrah buffalo at its 4th parity was presented with history of restlessness, anorexia and excessive straining with no progress of parturition from last 12-36 hours. The case was diagnosed as dystocia due to post-cervical uterine torsion and a dead male fetus was successfully relieved after detorsion of the uterus by modified Schaffer's method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]