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This article analyses the debate over an 'antisemitic Marx' in the French context. Since the republication of On the Jewish Question in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, the French intellectual field has seen continuous conflict between supporters of this 'thesis' (Mishari, Kaplan, Birnbaum) and their detractors, who are sometimes militant (J. Aron, Bensaïd) and sometimes academic (De Fontenay, Traverso), including those involved in the Grande édition Marx et Engels (Clochec). First, the article examines at length the French debate which spans over 50 years. Second, building on the insights garnered from this debate, it tackles the limits of materialist criticism of religious views. In light of the contemporary crisis of secularism in France, this problem forces Marxist and critical thinkers (Tosel, Meziane) to reassess the issue of religious minorities and their 'assimilation' to the 'national majority'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schelling's "Bruno" provides a provocative illustration of his conviction that early modern science has adopted a radically flawed and impoverished concept of matter, and therefore of nature. The "Bruno" has been read as a settling of scores with Fichte, with whom Schelling had recently quarreled, and as a critique of Kant's idealism. I propose to look at how the dialogue reveals Schelling's developing understanding of pantheism, as reflected in the arguments he borrows from Giordano Bruno and then transforms. "Bruno" is a dialogue with four interlocutors, and ranges widely. I will discuss two central sections, in which the two main roles are played by Bruno (Schelling) and Lucian (Fichte). Lucian begins by restating their agreement in an earlier section of the dialogue that when it is considered in the light of the supreme idea, the distinction of knowledge and being is untrue, a tantalizing claim. He then goes on to pose the question of how it can be possible to understand the departure of the finite from the eternal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In La Cena delle Ceneri Giordano Bruno wrote that “the moon is no more a heaven for us than we are a heaven for the moon”, anticipating, in some ways, what would later be called the principle of mediocrity or the Copernican principle: we are not privileged observers and the Earth is by no means a special place in the cosmos. For a long time this insight, supported by the belief that life is a widespread phenomenon in the Universe, drove speculation and thus the search for intelligent life forms on other celestial bodies. However, the first images of the Martian soil already gave a bleak picture, and the same happened a few years later with Venus, only in appearance similar to Earth, in fact a burning hell surrounded by an atmosphere of carbon dioxide. The belief that we are not in a privileged position, on a special planet, has given way to new interpretative hypotheses, on the basis of which life, a fortiori intelligent life, would be a rarer phenomenon than we might have expected. Recent advances in the field of astrobiology have made it possible to detect more than 5,000 exoplanets in our galaxy, and this undoubtedly opens up new exploration pathways for the search of extra-terrestrial life as well. Many questions arise: will we be able to recognise extraterrestrial life forms once we have them in front of us, or will they be so different as to be unrecognisable? Should such a discovery occur, will we have any direct duties towards alien ecosystems and exobiospheres? Who will decide what principles should guide future interactions and what criteria should be adopted? If, on the other hand, such contact never occurs, would our cosmic importance be magnified? Would our duties toward our common home be strengthened? And again: do we have a duty to protect our planet exclusively, or should the possibility of abandoning it to colonise new celestial bodies not be excluded? This Dossier aims to shed light on these and other questions, in the wake of a reflection that is now well-established. The philosophical reflection on astrophysics and astrobiology, in its various articulations, represents a field of investigation that for some years now has been trying to provide answers on the nature and impact of new scientific achievements, in ethical, socio-political and epistemological terms. At the same time, it also opens up new questions and new challenges that need to be explored in a spirit of interchange and fruitful collaboration.

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The aim of the research presented in the article is to investigate any indications of the military activities of Archbishop Bruno of Cologne and Bishop Ulrich of Augsburg, mainly on the basis of their biographies that were written soon after each of them died. At the same time, it should be noted that the problems under research focus, not so much on the bishops' personal participation in fighting, as on their provision of military support to their rulers and on performing mediation between them and the rebels. The study also focuses on the bishops' roles in fighting against their enemies and their strengthening of the military potential within their dioceses. As a result of research, despite the fact that the biographers, i.e., Ruotger, and Gerhard, avoided mentioning the participation of their protagonists in military operations, a major activity of Bruno and Ulrich in that field has been noted that extended beyond the area of their bishoprics. In the case of Bruno, the scope of his activity encompassed the whole of Lotharingia, and even included the pursuit of the western policy of the realm, while the role of Ulrich was that of a regional character, basically limited to Swabia and neighboring Bavaria. The bishops' major duties included ensuring that the fortifications that had been entrusted to them were in good shape and pursuing appropriate policies towards secular magnates. At the conclusion of the article, there is a mention of a reform that was most probably conducted by Otto I at the end of his reign, which was meant to precisely define the military assistance that secular and ecclesiastical officials were obliged to provide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periods of transition between phenological phases in different kiwi plant varieties: one of the most widely grown fruits today, kiwis are grown extensively in many subtropical and temperate nations. Kiwi farming has recently piqued the curiosity of many fruit producers and landowners in our nation. In order to study the morpho-biological traits of the growth and development of these fruit plant varieties in the soil and climate conditions of Uzbekistan and to scientifically support the possibilities of establishing industrial kiwi gardens on this basis, it is necessary to conduct special scientific research on this plant. In the article, the duration of phenological phases of Kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa (A.Chev.)) varieties Hayward, Monty, Bruno, and pollinator Matua were observed in the climatic conditions of Tashkent region at the Extension center of Tashkent State Agrarian University in Uzbekistan. The sum of active temperatures above 10 °C was calculated for the growth phases of kiwifruit cultivars.

U ovom radu, autor će prikazati filozofiju prirode (kosmologiju) Đordana Bruna, u kojoj se ideja ontologije beskonačnosti suprotstavlja shvatanju svemira kao konačnog, ili ograničenog sistema. Za početak, osvrnućemo se na Brunov stil i metodu, kao i uticaje koji su odredili smer njegovom mišljenju. Zatim, biće iznet Brunov stav po pitanju Kopernikove ideje heliocentizma, kao i razlozi koji su podstakli Bruna da kritikuje i prevaziđe Kopernikovu ideju. Jedan od bitnijih razloga koji je udaljio Bruna od Kopernika jeste razlika u poimanju veličine univerzuma. Bruno u kopernikanskoj ideji vidi ostatke tradicionalne nauke u pogledu metodskog pristupa, te će se srž Brunove kritike Kopernikovog učenja i onog sholastičkog odnositi na poimanje svemira kao ograničenog, tj. geometrijski uređenog. Geometrijska metoda, prema Brunu, ograničava svemir, te se postavlja pitanje prirode i smisla granice, kao i odnosa granice i praznine. Bruno će geometrijsku metodu zameniti tzv. prirodnom filozofijom čija je suština izražena u intuitivnom i spekulativnom sagledavanju opšteg ontološkog stava beskonačnosti. U poslednjem paragrafu će biti prikazana Brunova ontologija prirode kao struktura beskonačnog. Zaključak ili cilj rada odnosi se na sučeljavanje ograničenih sistema svemira i svemira kao beskonačnog prostranstva i izraza božanske moći.

Copyright of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) is the property of Felsefe ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi (FLSF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Francaise d'Etudes Americaines is the property of Editions Belin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study deals with the engineering properties of three Indian kiwi cultivars. These engineering properties will facilitate the farmers, and industry personals involve in handling, packaging and transportation of fresh harvested fruit. The complete information on physical, mechanical, thermal and biochemical properties of three Indian kiwi cultivars were presented in this paper. This knowledge may be utilized to design and develop modern machineries for primary processing, and packaging of fresh kiwifruit. The shelf life study data also provided in this paper which will help the growers and processors for safe handling, packaging and transportation of the fruit. The physical dimensions viz. length, width and thickness, mean diameters, surface area, volume, sphercity, static coefficient of friction on different materials were measured for all the three Indian cultivars. Significant (p<0.05) difference for aspect ratio with Hayward and Monty was observed. Bruno was bigger and heavier than others cultivars. Mean diameters (GMD, AMD and EMD) were varying less than 10%. The mechanical properties viz. firmness, hardness, adhesiveness, adhesive force and total positive area for peeled and unpeeled Hayward, Bruno and Monty. Thermal properties i.e. thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and latent heat of fusion and biochemical properties i.e. moisture, pH, titrable acidity and total soluble solids were also measured in this study. Significant (p<0.05) for total positive area was observed for Bruno with Hayward and Monty was observed. No significant (p>0.05) difference for moisture and sphericity was observed between Hayward and Monty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johannes Kepler described the Copernican universe as consisting of a central, small, brilliant sun with its planetary system, all surrounded by giant stars. These stars were far larger than, and much dimmer than, the sun - his De Stella Nova shows that every visible star must exceed the size of the Earth's orbit, and the most prominent stars may exceed the size of the entire planetary system. His other writings, including his response to Ingoli, his Dissertatio cum Nuncio Sidereo, and his Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae, also reflect this Copernican universe. To Kepler, such a universe was an illustration of divine power - and solid evidence against the stars being suns, against the universe of Giordano Bruno. Kepler's starry universe was in fact the Copernican universe supported by observations of the stars, which showed them to have measurable apparent sizes. Not until the later seventeenth century were those apparent sizes shown to be spurious, allowing for a universe in which the stars were suns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I draw on architectural and choreographic ways of thinking to discuss how filmed material is transformed through projection and active and mobile spectatorship. Shifting my attention from what is projected to where it is projected, I expand the discourse beyond the single flat cinematic screen. I do this by concentrating on how the projected surface (its placement in space and its assembly with multiple screens) creates social encounters. This study accepts Rosenberg's definition of the screen as "a receptor of an otherwise ephemeral image and which reifies that image in the process of receiving it." Anarchitextures is a screen-based performance project through which I explored Eisensteinian montage to include a spatial and ambulatory practice. The project speaks to choreographic environments and events that use the screen as a socially engaged practice, and also poses some questions regarding the boundaries that appear to shape the screendance field.

Localization of mRNAs can involvemultiple steps, eachwith its own cisacting localization signals and transport factors. How is the transition between different steps orchestrated? We show that the initial step in localization of Drosophila oskar mRNA - transport from nurse cells to the oocyte - relies on multiple cis-acting signals. Some of these are binding sites for the translational control factor Bruno, suggesting that Bruno plays an additional role inmRNA transport. Although transport of oskar mRNA is essential and robust, the localization activity of individual transport signals is weak. Notably, increasing the strength of individual transport signals, or adding a strong transport signal, disrupts the later stages of oskar mRNA localization. We propose that the oskar transport signals are weak by necessity; their weakness facilitates transfer of the oskar mRNA from the oocyte transport machinery to the machinery for posterior localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El principal objetivo de este texto es el estudio sobre la vida, el pensamiento y la acción del Hermano Cristiano G.M. Bruño, San Miguel Febres Cordero, uno de los autores de textos escolares de mayor influencia en Hispanoamérica desde finales del siglo XIX y en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Se recuerdan los textos de Aritmética, Álgebra y Geometría del Hermano Cristiano G.M. Bruño, que formaron a los colombianos, ecuatorianos y de otros países de Hispanoamérica. Escribió más de cincuenta textos de lenguaje español y literatura, ortografía, física, botánica, religión, historia sagrada, tabla de logaritmos, contabilidad, y otros. La Colección de Textos de G.M. Bruño es una de las más variadas y de trascendencia en la Textología de Hispanoamérica.

Abstract: Maintenance of adult stem cells is largely dependent on the balance between their self-renewal and differentiation. The Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells (GSCs) provide a powerful in vivo system for studying stem cell fate regulation. It has been shown that maintaining the GSC population involves both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Although the role of epigenetic regulation in this process is evident, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further explored. In this study, we find that Enoki mushroom (Enok), a Drosophila putative MYST family histone acetyltransferase controls GSC maintenance in the ovary at multiple levels. Removal or knockdown of Enok in the germline causes a GSC maintenance defect. Further studies show that the cell-autonomous role of Enok in maintaining GSCs is not dependent on the BMP/Bam pathway. Interestingly, molecular studies reveal an ectopic expression of Bruno, an RNA binding protein, in the GSCs and their differentiating daughter cells elicited by the germline Enok deficiency. Misexpression of Bruno in GSCs and their immediate descendants results in a GSC loss that can be exacerbated by incorporating one copy of enok mutant allele. These data suggest a role for Bruno in Enok-controlled GSC maintenance. In addition, we observe that Enok is required for maintaining GSCs non-autonomously. Compromised expression of enok in the niche cells impairs the niche maintenance and BMP signal output, thereby causing defective GSC maintenance. This is the first demonstration that the niche size control requires an epigenetic mechanism. Taken together, studies in this paper provide new insights into the GSC fate regulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The defining characteristic of Martin Walker's Bruno Courrèges novels is their detailed sense of place. The author examines how the sense of place is created in the novels and suggests that, rather than merely being a simple backdrop against which the plots of the novels unfold, it is an integral part of their themes and narrative structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bruno RNA-binding protein (RBP) has been shown to initially repress the translation of oskar mRNA during Drosophila oogenesis and later to be involved in a broad range of RNA regulation., Here, we show that homologous constitutive overexpression of each of two Arabidopsis thaliana Bruno-like genes, AtBRN1 and AtBRN2, delayed the flowering time, while the atbrn1 atbrn2-3 double mutant flowered early and exhibited increased expression of APETALA1 ( AP1) and LEAFY ( LFY) transcripts., Crossing of 35S::AtBRNs with SOC1 101-D plants demonstrated that 35S::AtBRNs suppress an early-flowering phenotype of SOC1 101-D in which the coding sequence ( CDS) with the 3′ UTR of SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 ( SOC1) gene is overexpressed. However, this early-flowering phenotype by SOC1 overexpression was maintained in the plants coexpressing 35S::AtBRNs and 35S:: SOC1 without the 3′ UTR ( -3′ UTR)., Using yeast three-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, RNA immunoprecipitation, and protoplast transient assays, we found that AtBRNs bind to the 3′ UTR of SOC1 RNA and participate in mRNA decay, which was mediated by the distal region of the SOC1 3′ UTR. Overall, AtBRNs repress SOC1 activity in a 3′ UTR-dependent manner, thereby controlling the flowering time in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ámbitos: Revista de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Asociacion de Estudios de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Three of Petrarch's major prose works in Latin—De otio religioso, De vita solitaria, and Secretum—are treatises dedicated to the topic of solitude as an escape from the negotium of worldly life. An inquiry into Petrarch's understanding of solitude will show, however, that far from representing an idealized withdrawal from engagement in the world, ascesis is a technique employed by Petrarch to construct his own ideal of the public intellectual, disengaged and resistant to structures of coercive authority and power. His reshaping of an ascetic lineage, which puts early Christian authors side by side with writers from the ancient Latin Stoic tradition, may be seen as an attempt to delineate a new, laicized form of monasticism and the ascetic life. In turning to a closer examination of De otio religioso, this paper will emphasize two areas of interest, which seek to support the thesis that Petrarch's pursuit of contemplative life was strategic for the shaping of an uncompromised, intellectual, Christian identity: the presence of an absence, represented by Bruno, founder of the Carthusian order, as a model of ascetic dissent; and the absence of a presence, evoked by a radical reading of the Latin verb vacare with its more kenotic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Drosophila, posterior embryonic body patterning and germ cell formation rely on Oskar, a protein that is concentrated at the posterior pole of the oocyte. A program of mRNA localization and translational regulation ensures that Oskar is only expressed at the proper location. One key regulatory factor is Bruno, which represses translation of oskar mRNA before its localization. Ectopic expression of a bruno cDNA prolongs repression, even after oskar mRNA is localized, and posterior body patterning is efficiently and selectively blocked. Surprisingly, the initial accumulation of Oskar, while frequently reduced, is not eliminated, arguing that levels of Oskar previously thought to be sufficient for patterning do not suffice, or that Bruno acts at a downstream step in patterning. Expression of the bruno cDNA does not inhibit posterior patterning when Oskar is expressed independent of Bruno-mediated regulation, ruling out a downstream requirement for Bruno. Notably, an Oskar::GFP reporter protein reveals continual accumulation during the late phases of oogenesis. Taken together, these results strongly argue that a late phase in accumulation of Osk protein, typically not monitored because of imperviousness of late stage oocytes to antibodies, is crucial for body patterning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) type RNA binding protein Bruno is required for the differentiation of cystoblasts, the committed daughters of germline stem cells in the Drosophila ovary. To understand how Bruno controls cystoblast differentiation, we used a bioinformatics approach to identify potential mRNA targets of Bruno. One such target is the Sex-lethal (Sxl) transcript MS11, which contains four Bruno Response Elements (BREs) in its 3′ untranslated region. Electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that Bruno specifically binds to the BREs of Sxl MS11 mRNA. Tagged transgenic Sxl MS11 cDNA constructs were used to show that Bruno represses the translation of the Sxl MS11 mRNA via the BRE-containing region in the 3′UTR. The lack of either Bruno or the BRE-containing region leads to overexpression of SXL, which in turn causes defects in cystoblast differentiation similar to the Bruno mutant phenotype. Therefore, Sxl MS11 represents a novel target of Bruno-mediated translational repression required for cystoblast differentiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Maternally supplied germ plasm is essential for germ lineage establishment in many species, but the molecular details are still largely unknown, especially in vertebrates, and identification of novel factors that localize to germ plasm is desirable. We previously reported that one of the components of zebrafish germ plasm is mRNA of the bruno-like (brul) gene, a homologue of bruno, which, in Drosophila, is known to participate in germ lineage establishment. Here, we show that not only mRNA but also protein of brul is localized to the zebrafish germ plasm at the ends of the cleavage furrows. In 4- and 8-cell stage embryos, Brul protein is localized to the periphery of the blastomeres, as well as to the ends of the cleavage furrows, forming numerous minute particles. These particles appear at the cortex of the fertilized egg within 10min after fertilization. Surprisingly, these distinctive localizations, as well as the minute particles, completely disappeared by the 16-cell stage, although relatively weak expression was detected ubiquitously throughout embryogenesis. This is the first report of a protein that localizes to the germ plasm in zebrafish. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the origins and usage of a pie chart. The pie chart is more than two centuries old. The diagram first appeared as an element of two larger graphical displays in "The Statistical Breviary," whose charts portrayed the areas, populations, and revenues of European states. William Playfair had previously devised the bar chart and was first to advocate and popularize the use of the line graph to display time series in statistics. The first chart in the volume depicts the countries as they were before the French Revolution of 1789, and the second chart shows how these nations had changed by 1801. Circles of various sizes stand for the total land areas of the countries. While the land masses were indicated by the areas of the circles, the sizes of the populations were represented by the vertical red lines on the left of each circle and the tax revenues of each country were shown by the vertical yellow lines on the right. It is likely that pies, circles, and intersecting circles were such simple and familiar forms to Playfair that he did not think comment necessary. There seems to be little objective basis for a prejudice against the pie based on considerations of speed or accuracy of estimation-the pie chart does as well, if not better, on simple tasks such as the estimation of a single proportion or the comparison of a small number of proportions.

This paper11When the article was practically complete, I read . Goldstein considers some of the questions I address here, though he restricts his analysis to Copernicus as regards the determination of the origin of the heliocentric system. Since he believes that it is ‘likely … Copernicus took the distance-period relationship from Aristotle [De caelo II, 10] as interpreted by his commentators’ (), his argument is similar to mine. Nonetheless, my objective is not to establish the origin of the heliocentric system in Copernicus’s mind, but to consider (regardless of the fact that this may have played a role in the genesis of heliocentrism) certain problems that I see as important regarding the different conceptions of centrality and the principle and starting point of movement between Aristotelian geocentrism and Copernicanism, until Kepler and Bruno. Because of this I saw De caelo II, 10 as decisive and broadened the study (above all from the point where the work of Giordano Bruno is considered) to include the question of the extension of the Universe. studies the different conceptions of both centrality and the principle or starting point of motion in the Universe held by Aristotle and later on by Copernicanism until Kepler and Bruno. According to Aristotle, the true centre of the Universe is the sphere of the fixed stars. This is also the starting point of motion. From this point of view, the diurnal motion is the fundamental one. Our analysis gives pride of place to De caelo II, 10, a chapter of Aristotle’s text which curiously allows an ‘Alpetragian’ reading of the transmission of motion.In Copernicus and the Copernicans, natural centrality is identified with the geometrical centre and, therefore, the Sun is acknowledged as the body through which the Deity acts on the world and it also plays the role of the principle and starting point of cosmic motion. This motion, however, is no longer diurnal motion, but the annual periodical motion of the planets. Within this context, we pose the question of to what extent it is possible to think that, before Kepler, there is a tacit attribution of a dynamic or motive role to the Sun by Copernicus, Rheticus, and Digges.For Bruno, since the Universe is infinite and homogeneous and the relationship of the Deity with it is one of indifferent presence everywhere, the Universe has no absolute centre, for any point is a centre. By the same token, there is no place that enjoys the prerogative of being—as being the seat of God—the motionless principle and starting point of motion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Translational regulation of localized transcripts is a powerful mechanism to control the precise timing and localization of protein expression within a cell. In the Drosophila germline, oskar transcript must be translationally repressed until its localization at the posterior pole of the oocyte, as ectopic production of Oskar causes severe patterning defects. Translational repression of oskar mRNA is mediated by the RNA-binding protein Bruno, which binds to specific motifs in the oskar 3′UTR. Here we show that Bruno over-expression causes defects in antero-posterior and dorso-ventral patterning, consistent with a role of Bruno in both oskar and gurken mRNA regulation. We also show that Bruno and gurken interact genetically. Finally, we show that Bruno binds specifically to the gurken 3′UTR and that the dorso-ventral defects caused by Bruno over-expression are due to a reduction of Gurken levels in the oocyte. We conclude that Bruno plays similar roles in translational regulation of gurken and oskar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]