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The main object of the study is to demonstrate that Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR, which is capable of identify all Brucella species including vaccinal strains, is a safe and practical method that is alternative to bacteriological culture methods. Brucellosis is a zoonosis of great socio-economic importance which is endemic in Turkey. In three-year period from 2009 to 2011, a total of 281 Brucella spp. isolates from cattle, sheep and goats were identified and characterized by both conventional biotyping procedures and the PCR based method called Bruce-ladder. Species identification from both phenotypic testing and Bruce-ladder was concordant for all isolates tested. The results showed preferred host pattern in B.abortus isolates. In terms of species identity, it was found that 94% of the isolations derived from cattle were B.abortus and were exclusively biotype 3. B.melitensis biotype 3 and biotype 1 were the prevelant biotypes in sheep and goats. Two isolates from sheep were identified as B.melitensis Rev.1 vaccine strain. Surprisingly, one of the goat isolates was identified as B.abortus S19 vaccine strain. Other interesting observations were the isolation of penicilin-sensitive non vaccine strains of B.abortus and B.melitensis as well as an isolation of an atypical B.abortus biotype 3 strain on the basis of growth inhibition in the presence of basic fuchsin dye. At the end of this study, it was concluded that monitoring Brucella isolates and identify them are indispensable epidemiological tool for brucellosis control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, rapid slide agglutination test (RSAT) antigens were produced by using homologous {Brucella canis RM6/66 and a wild B. canis) and heterologous brucella strains (6. abortus 45/20 and B. melitensis B115) for a quick, practical and economic diagnosis of 6. canis infection in dogs and humans. All the test strains were grown in three different culture media, namely, trypton liquid media (TLM), brucella broth media (BBM)and brain heart infusion broth media (BHIBM) to compare their optimal growths. The best growth rate was obtained by B. canis RM6/66 strain. B. melitensis B 115 showed the poorest growth in all test media. The culture media that supported the best growth rate in all tested strains was TLM. RSAT antigens from each test strains were produced without any stringy formation and standardised successfully. It was thought that B. canis RM6/66 and/or wild B. canis might be suitable candidate in commercial RSAT antigen production according to the test results supporting the fact that using homotypic strain increases the diagnostic sensitivity. As a conclusion, it was decided that this antigen will be able to used extensively as a part of routine clinical examination in dogs in Turkey. Furthermore, it was considered that to include RSAT in humans as a part of routine brucellosis diagnosis could help to evaluate the disease more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of anti-Brucella antibody and Brucella spp. DNA in cow, sheep and goat milk and in Urfa cheese collected from markets and bazaars in Şanlıurfa, located in southeast of Turkey. A total of 258 samples consisting of 178 raw milk (48 cow milk, 65 sheep milk and 65 goat milk) samples and 80 Urfa cheese samples were investigated. Anti- Brucella antibody was detected by indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), and the presence of Brucella spp. DNA was screened by real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RTPCR). 16.6% of the cow, 6.1% of the goat and 6.1% of the sheep milk and 16.25% of the cheese samples were found as positive for brucella antibodies by i - ELISA. The RT-PCR assay amplified Brucella DNA from 18.75, 7.6 and 6.1% cow, goat and sheep milk samples respectively. Brucella DNA was amplified from 22.5% cheese samples. The 11.2% and 13.9% of the samples were found as positive by i-ELISA and RT-PCR respectively. This study indicates that milk and milk products consumed in Şanlıurfa poses a risk to public health in terms of brucellosis. The combining usage of both i-ELISA and RT-PCR methods could lead to more reliable results to detect anti-Brucella antibody and Brucella spp. DNA from milk and cheese samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]