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Background: The mortality rate among very low birth weight newborns has decreased due to advances in perinatal care. However, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains one of the main complications of prematurity, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To review the literature to summarize the clinical aspects related to BPD. We sought to identify the definitions, main risk factors, complications and especially new prevention and treatment strategies. Method: This is a narrative review of the literature using papers published between 2000 and 2023, selected from an electronic database and manual search. Conclusions: The disease development is the result of interactions between pre- and post-natal factors. Early identification of children at higher risk of developing the disease may allow for a better approach to reducing its incidence in the future. The early use of systemic corticosteroids has shown positive results not only in interrupting the BPD development cycle, but also in contributing to early weaning from oxygen therapy. Other therapies, such as molecular therapy and stem cells, still need further research to identify their real impact. In short, we must focus on preventive actions for BPD, including the early use of corticosteroids, monitoring and providing adequate growth and development for the child, in addition to combating infections, reducing hospitalizations and minimizing sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]