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The effect of storage temperature on the physical-chemical properties of poultry rendering meals (PRM) of whole broiler carcasses was evaluated. Chemical parameters, oxidation and biogenic amines (BA) profiles were determined. A completely randomized design in a 2x4 factorial arrangement (two stored temperature: 26 ºC or 7 ºC; and four storage times: 0, 24, 48 and 72h before rendering) was used. PRM nutrient levels were within the acceptable ranges determined for animal byproducts in all treatments and they did not influence PRM acidity index or TBARS (P>0.05). The peroxide index of all PRM was higher than the acceptable limit (>10 meq/1000g) but did not cause a rancid odor. Lower total BA content was determined at 72 h of storage in PRMs from refrigerated carcasses. The nutrient composition of PRMs shows quality enough to possibly be utilized as a feedstuff. Additional studies are needed to establish the safety of these byproducts as feedstuffs. Keywords: biogenic amines, byproduct, feedstuff, nutritional composition

Summary This study aimed to evaluate 2 phytases, at 2 supplementation doses, in broiler diets with nutritional matrices with reduction in Ca:total P (tP) ratio. One-day-old male chicks (n = 3,960) were distributed in an arrangement of 12 treatments, with 10 replicates each; the experimental unit consisted of a floor pen with 33 birds each. Trial lasted up to 42 D, and birds were given the experimental diets: T1—positive control 1 (high Ca:tP ratio—recommended amount); T2—negative control 1 (reduction of 0.16% Ca and 0.16% available P-AP); T3–T2 + 500 FTU/kg enzyme A; T4–T2 + 500 FTU/kg enzyme B; T5–T2 + 1000 FTU/kg enzyme A; T6–T2 + 1000 FTU/kg enzyme B; T7–positive control 2 (low Ca:tP ratio); T8—negative control 2 (reduction of 0.16% Ca and 0.16% AP); T9–T8 + 500 FTU/kg enzyme A; T10–T8 + 500 FTU/kg enzyme B; T11–T8 + 1000 FTU/kg enzyme A; and T12–T8 + 1000 FTU/kg enzyme B. At 21 and 42 D of age, performance variables were recorded (body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) and tibial bone composition (Ca and P) and resistance was determined (strength at rupture). Results indicate that enzyme supplementation was efficient, regardless of Ca:tP ratio. The highest phytase dose presented superior results, especially for the 21-D evaluation. Phytase “B,” a bacterial product, showed superior response on performance and bone quality.

Com o objetivo de testar materiais alternativos para cama de aviário na criação de frangos de corte, foram alojados seis lotes consecutivos, cada um contendo 5.600 aves, apenas fêmeas, distribuídas em 35 boxes. Os tratamentos consistiram de sete tipos de material para cama (maravalha; casca de arroz; sabugo de milho triturado; capim-cameron picado; palhada de soja picada; resto da cultura do milho picado; e serragem), cada um com cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se nas aves o peso corporal médio e o consumo médio de ração e, nas camas, os teores de N, Ca, P e pH. Observaram-se ainda a presença de salmonela, a contagem de oocistos de eimeria na cama e o escore de lesões no intestino das aves ao abate. A utilização dos materiais alternativos avaliados como cama de aviário, por seis lotes consecutivos, como alternativas à maravalha não prejudicou o desempenho de frangos de corte. Esses materiais, após o descarte, por apresentarem valor em minerais superior ao da maravalha, podem ser utilizados na adubação de culturas. Aiming to evaluate alternative materials to be used as broiler litter reutilization, six consecutive lots of 5,600 female broilers were allocated to 35 pens. The treatments consisted of seven types of litter materials: wood shavings, rice husk, ground corncob, chopped camerongrass, chopped soybean straw, chopped corn stalk and sawdust, each one with five replications. In the birds, it was evaluated the average body weight, feed consumption and in the litter, it was evaluated the contents of N, Ca, P and pH. The presence of salmoella, the eimeria oocists counting in the litter, and the gut birds lesions score at slaughter were also observed. The use of alternative materials evaluated as litter, per six concecutive lots, as a alternative for wood shavings did no prejudice the performance of broilers. These materials, by presenting mineral values higher than wood shavings, after discarding, could be used as culture fertilizers.

The safety and nutritional properties of CV127 soybeans were evaluated in rat and broiler feeding studies. Some episodic differences were observed between rats fed CV127, Conquista, and the standard diet for the endpoints examined. None of these differences were considered treatment related, adverse, or biologically meaningful. In general, birds fed diets containing CV127, Conquista, or Monsoy 8001 showed no significant differences in growth and performance response variables. Chickens fed diets containing Coodetec 217 had lower body weight and weight gain for all developmental periods compared to CV127, but no significant differences were found in feed conversion for the two diets during any development period. The results of both feeding studies demonstrate that CV127 soybeans are as safe, wholesome, and nutritionally valuable as the other soybean meals tested, including those varieties for which histories of safe use have been established and well documented.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:32:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:32:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1807-86722015000100035.pdf: 612594 bytes, checksum: f5f3b2278880937419922364a55ff824 (MD5) Foi realizado um experimento para verificar o impacto da densidade de alojamento em frangos de corte (11,08 e 13,20 aves m-2) sobre o desempenho, rendimento de cortes, umidade da cama e frequência de lesões por pododermatite no período de cinco a 45 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 476 pintos da linhagem Cobb500(r) com um dia de idade, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, empregando duas densidades (avesm-2) e sete repetições por tratamento, 14 unidades experimentais. Observou-se que as aves alojadas em menor densidade (11,08) apresentaram maior consumo de ração (p < 0,05), porém, sem afetar o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar. O rendimento das partes não foi influenciado pelos tratamentos (p > 0,05). Foi verificado efeito significado (p < 0,05) sobre a umidade da cama na maior densidade (3,20), apresentando maior umidade (p < 0,05) aos 28 e aos 35 dias de idade das aves. Observou-se maior incidência por pododermatite em aves alojadas na maior densidade (3,20). Conclui-se que o aumento da densidade de alojamento de 11,08 para 13,20 aves m-2, não afeta o desempenho zootécnico, rendimento da carcaça e cortes. Porém, promoveu aumento na umidade na cama, assim como a maior incidência de pododermatite de grau 1 foi observada na densidade de 13,20 avesm-2. The effect of stocking density in broiler chickens (11.08 and 13.20 birdsm-2), between 5 and 45 days of age, was assessed with regard to performance, cut yield, litter moisture and frequency of pododermatitis injuries. Further, 476 one-day chicks Cobb 500(r) were distributed in a completely randomized design at two densities (birds m-²), with seven replications per treatment in 14 experimental units. Birds housed at a lower density (11.08) increased feed intake (p < 0.05), without any effect on weight gain and feed conversion. Retail yields were not influenced (p > 0.05) by treatments. In the case of higher density (3.20) the litter showed higher moisture content (p < 0.05) at 28 and 35 days of age. There was a higher occurrence of pododermatitis in birds housed at a density of 13.20 birds m-2. Results show that increased housing density from 11.08 to 13.20 birds m-2 does not affect growth performance, carcass yield and cuts. However, a housing density of 13.20 birdsm-2 increased litter moisture and provided a higher occurrence of grade I pododermatitis. Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrária e Veterinária Embrapa Suínos e Aves Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrária e Veterinária

Foi estudada a influência de quatro horários de arraçoamento (único, às 6h30; dual [50% às 6h30 e 50% às 15h30]; único, às 11h; e único, às 15h30) sobre a produção e qualidade dos ovos de reprodutoras de corte, alocados ao acaso, em 48 boxes, com 27 fêmeas Arbor Acres e três machos cada, com 12 repetições. As exigências nutricionais e de manejo atenderam as recomendações da linhagem. Estudaram-se as produções de ovos total (PTOTAL), de ninho (PNINHO), limpos (PLIMPO) e quebrados (PQUEMO) em seis coletas (6h30, 9h, 11h, 13h30, 15h30 e 17h30); peso médio (PESOVO) e gravidade específica do ovo (GE) agrupados em três coletas (9h, 13h30 e 17h30). Foram utilizados a análise de variância, o teste T de Student para comparação das médias referentes a tratamento e coleta, e a análise de regressão polinomial para idade. Houve efeito do horário de arraçoamento e coleta para todas as variáveis, exceto para PQUEMO, em que não foi evidenciado efeito do horário de arraçoamento. Para os arraçoamentos às 6h30 e dual, o maior percentual de ovos produzido (22,78 ± 0,36% e 20,26 ± 0,33%, respectivamente) ocorreu na coleta das 9h, enquanto, para os arraçoamentos às 11h e às 15h30, ocorreu na coleta das 13h30 (20,35 ± 0,39% e 19,25 ± 0,38%, respectivamente). As reprodutoras do sistema dual de arraçoamento e aquelas arraçoadas às 15h30 tiveram PESOVO de 71,0 ± 0,3 g, que, em qualquer coleta, foi, no mínimo, igual aos demais. As médias de GE foram maiores para as aves arraçoadas às 11h (1,0788 ± 0,0002) e às 15h30 (1,0799 ± 0,0002) que as demais. Ovos de reprodutoras mais velhas e aqueles coletados nas primeiras horas do dia foram mais pesados e apresentaram cascas mais finas. O sistema de arraçoamento dual apresentou-se como a melhor alternativa na substituição do sistema de alimentação única às 6h30. Four feeding schedule were investigated for broiler breeders: at 6:30 am; 50% feeding at 6:30 am and 50% at 3:30 pm (dual); at 11:00 am, and at 3:30 pm. Arbor Acres breeders were randomly assigned to 48 boxes, with 12 replicates of 27 females and three males each. The nutritional levels and management procedures were those recommended for strain. The variables studied were: total egg production, nest, clean and broken egg production, in six collections (6:30 am, 9:00 am, 11:00 am, 1:30 pm, 3:30 pm and 5:30 pm); egg weight and egg specific gravity, grouped in three collections (9:00 am, 1:30 pm and 5:30 pm). Analysis of variance was used. Means were compared using Student t test for traits and collection and polynomial regression analysis for age. The collection and feeding schedule effects were significant for all traits, except for broken eggs, in which feeding schedule was not significant. The maximum egg production was obtained at 9:00 am for feeding schedule at 6:30 am (22.78 ± 0.36%) and dual (20.26 ± 0.33%), and at 1:30 pm for feeding schedule at 11:00 am (20.35 ± 0.39%) and at 3:30 pm (19.25 ± 0.38%). Female broiler breeders under the dual and at 3:30 pm feeding schedule showed egg weight of 71.0 ± 0.3 g, which was at least equal to the other feeding schedule in any collection. The egg specific gravity for feeding schedule at 11:00 am (1.0788 ± 2) and 3:30 pm (1.0799 ± 2) were higher than the other feeding schedule. Eggs from older female broiler breeders and eggs collected in the first hours of the day were heavier and had thinner eggshell than those from younger females and eggs collected later in the day. The dual feeding schedule could be an alternative to feeding schedule at 6:30.

The effects of age, litter reutilization, and anticoccidial programs were studied in broilers. The oocyst counts increased with litter reutilization up to third use, and T1 (no anticoccidial drug over the entire 42-day-period) and T4 (anticoccidial medication starting from the first day) showed the highest counts. The scores for Eimeria acervulina increased up to third use of litter and declined by the fourth use. The scores for E. maxima increased from first to second litter use, and from this to third and fourth use. The scores for E. tenella increased from first and second litter use to third litter use, and declined on fourth use. With high coccidial contamination, as in third use litter, the anticoccidial medication starting from the 1st, 7th (T3) and 14th (T2) day of age presented similar results of lesion scores and average weight gain. When coccidial contamination was low or moderate, as in first, second and fourth use litter, the anticoccidial medication starting at 14 days of age tended to result in a better broiler performance. These data suggest that, with low coccidial challenge, as in broilers raised in first use litter and in farms with single bird age, the delayed anticoccidial medication may provide advantages over the full medication starting from the first day of age. Estudou-se o efeito da idade das aves, da reutilização da cama vegetal e de programas anticoccidianos na coccidiose e desempenho de frangos. Utilizaram-se quatro lotes de 24 pintos cada (um dia de idade) submetidos a quatro tratamentos (T): T1 - aves não tratadas com anticoccidiano, T2 - aves medicadas com anticoccidiano a partir do 14º dia de vida, T3 - aves medicadas com anticoccidiano a partir do sétimo dia de vida, T4 - aves medicadas com anticoccidiano a partir do primeiro dia de vida. As contagens de oocistos aumentaram com a reutilização da cama, no terceiro lote. T1 (sem anticoccidiano) e T4 (anticoccidiano desde o primeiro dia) apresentaram as maiores contagens. Os escores por Eimeria acervulina aumentaram no terceiro lote e baixaram no quarto lote. Os escores por E. maxima aumentaram no segundo lote, e deste para o terceiro e quarto lotes. Os escores por E. tenella aumentaram no terceiro e quarto lotes. Com desafio alto, como ocorrido no terceiro lote, as medicações anticoccidianas a partir do primeiro, sétimo e 14º dias resultaram em desempenhos semelhantes. Com desafios baixos ou moderados, como ocorridos nos lotes 1, 2 e 4, a medicação a partir do 14º dia resultou em melhores desempenhos. Isso sugere que, em condições de baixo desafio, como em frangos criados em cama de primeiro uso e em granjas com aves de uma única idade, a medicação anticoccidiana a partir de 14 dias pode ser vantajosa em relação aos programas de medicação a partir do primeiro dia.

Foi avaliada a influência da umidade na colheita (U) e da temperatura de secagem do grão de trigo em dietas isoprotéicas, isoenergéticas e isovolumétricas sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos aplicados aos grãos constituíram na colheita com 30, 16 ou 13% de U e secagem às temperaturas de 100, 70 ou 40°C, exceto para o último valor de U, que permaneceu sem secagem. As dietas foram fornecidas em três fases (1-21, 22-35 e 36-42 dias), avaliando-se os parâmetros ganho de peso (GP), consumo de ração (CR) e conversão alimentar (CA). Aos 21 e 42 dias de idade, uma ave representante da média de peso do boxe foi abatida, para avaliação da composição proximal e energia bruta (EB) da carcaça. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos para essas variáveis em ambas as idades. De modo geral, as dietas em que o trigo foi incluído contribuíram com índices de desempenho superiores à dieta controle, de modo que o contraste controle versus dietas à base de trigo foi significativo nos três períodos para GP, nos dois últimos períodos para CR e somente de 1-21 dias para CA. Aos 42 dias de idade, uma ave representante do peso médio do boxe foi abatida, para avaliação dos cortes nobres e da carcaça. O peso da carcaça eviscerada foi superior para os tratamentos contendo trigo em relação ao tratamento controle. A inclusão de trigo (da mesma lavoura e ano) em torno de 50% na dieta de frangos de corte, mostrou-se viável em substituição ao milho, durante todo o ciclo de produção das aves (1-42 dias), independentemente dos níveis de umidade na colheita e da temperatura de secagem dos grãos. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of humidity levels at harvesting period and drying temperatures of wheat grain in isoprotein, isoenergy and isovolumetric diets on broiler performance. The wheat grains were harvested with 30, 16 and 13% of humidity levels and submitted to drying temperatures of 100, 70 and 40°C. The level of 13% of humidity was not submitted to drying. The diets were offered to birds in three distinct periods, 1-21; 22-35 and 36-42 days of age. The parameters evaluated were body weight gain, feed:gain ratio, feed intake and weight gain. During the three evaluated periods the body weight gain and during 22-35 days and 36-42 days the feed intake of broilers submitted to diets with wheat were higher. Feed:gain ratio of broilers submitted to wheat diets during the 1-21 days period were lower. At 21 and 42 days of age, one bird representing the average body weight of each replicate was selected for processing and evaluation of carcass nutrient composition and crude energy content, however there were no differences for these parameters at both ages. Birds representing the average body weight of all replicates were processed for determination of carcass yield at 42 days of age. In absolute terms carcass weights were higher than birds under the treatment with wheat, in spite of humidity at harvest and the following drying temperature applied. Inclusion of wheat in broiler diets in levels of 50 % in substitution of corn is technically feasible during all the raising period (1 42 days), in spite of humidity at harvest and drying temperature.

The objective of this study was to evaluate different strategies for the oxidative stabilization of rice bran (RB) in the diet of broiler chickens using natural antioxidant additives, synthetic antioxidant additives and heat treatment on performance, breast meat quality and liver fat content and the nutrient digestibility coefficients. Furthermore, the study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat treatment and antioxidants, antioxidant additive treatments, without antioxidants, natural, and synthetic, and to three heat treatments, without heat, dry-heat and moist-heat, after the rice bran was stored for 90 days and then incorporated into the experimental diets. 1080 broilers were arranged in a 3 x 3-factorial randomized design with 10 replicates per treatments. The wet heat treatment of the meal resulted in a higher daily feed intake and body weight at 28 days and better feed conversion than did the meal without heat treatment. No significant interactions were observed between the tested factors on the apparent digestibility of dry matter and ether extract as well as the values of apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen. However, there was significant interaction between the tested factors on the nitrogen retention coefficient; the natural antioxidant and dry heat-treated meal combination presented a lower crude protein digestibility coefficient than those without heat treatment. In conclusion, thermal treatment of this bran proved to be more effective as demonstrated by the performance responses of the birds. Broiler chickens reared up to 28 days of age consuming diets containing 6.5% RB stabilized by heat treatment showed better performance, and the use of antioxidants was not necessary.