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We evaluated the supplementation of a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants [P(BF+AOx)] on growth performance, antioxidant activity, expression of immune-related genes, and immunometabolic phenotype of broilers submitted to early life stressors. The treatments were a nutritionally complete basal diet supplemented or not with P(BF+AOx) (Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada) from 1 to 14 d of age. 720 one-day old male Ross 308 chickens were placed into pens of 30 birds (12 replicates/treatment). Birds were double-vaccinated against infectious bronchitis (IB; MILDVAC-Ma5T) at the hatchery and submitted, on d 3, to an acute reduction on environmental temperature (from 32° C to 20°C) for 48 h. Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated weekly. On d 7 and 15, samples were collected for expression of immune-related genes and kinome array analysis, and serum to evaluate the antioxidant status. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using SAS (SAS 9.4). From d 1 to 21 and d 1 to 28, the dietary supplementation of P(BF+AOx) significantly increased BWG (P < 0.05) by 3.6 and 3.8%, respectively, and improved FCR (P < 0.05) by 1.2 and 1.8%, respectively. From d 1 to 35, dietary supplementation enhanced BWG (P = 0.03) by 4%. Serum glutathione reductase activity on d 15 was higher in birds fed diets supplemented with P(BF+AOx) compared to the control diet-fed birds (P = 0.04). Dietary supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β (P = 0.03) in the lungs on d 7. On d 15, dietary supplementation increased the expression of IL-6 (P = 0.02) and IL-10 (P = 0.03) in the liver. It was observed that, via decreased phosphorylation, catalase was activated in the jejunum and liver, and the phosphorylation of immunoregulatory or proinflammatory proteins was decreased. Other important cellular signaling pathways were also changed in the liver and jejunum due to the supplementation. The supplementation of P(BF+AOx) improves growth performance by promoting a general anti-inflammatory and antioxidant response in chickens undergoing early life stress.

This study evaluated the effect of organic acids–essential oils blend with or without oat hulls (OH) on growth performance, organ weights, blood parameters, gut morphology, microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in broiler chickens. Day-old broiler chickens were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments consisting of 1) a corn-soybean meal-wheat based diet (BAS), 2) BAS + 0.05% bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD), 3) BAS + protected organic acids–essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed (OE), and 4) BAS + protected organic acids–essential oils at 300 g/1,000 kg of feed + 3% OH (OEOH), in 8 replicate groups. Feeding was in starter (d 0 to 14), grower (d 14 to 24), and finisher (d 24 to 36) phases. Body weight (BW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality were determined weekly. On d 36, 8 chickens per treatment were sampled for blood biochemistry, organ weights, cecal SCFA production, and microbiota. Treatments had no effect on FI and FCR at all phases. Both OE and OEOH treatments reduced (P

The proposal on the ban of anticoccidials drugs from poultry feed highlights the importance of broiler breeders resistance to Eimeria as a criteria for animal genetic selection. The aim of this study was to compare the resistance between two commercial broiler breeds to Eimeria acervulina. Eight hundred male chicks from two commercial breeds (400 animals each) were housed from 1–42 days of age and randomly divided into 4 treatments with 8 replicates of 25 birds each. Following a factorial design, the treatments were AU, BU (breed A and B, unchallenged), AC and BC (breed A and B, challenged at 14 days of age by gavage with 1 × 106 oocysts of a field strain of E. acervulina). From 1–42 days, feed intake, body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency and mean weight (MW) were weekly measured. For the clinical evaluation, feces were sampled from 18 to 24 days for the counting of excreted oocysts and twenty birds per treatment were euthanized at 20 days of age for the scoring of macroscopic lesions in the gut. The breeds did not show statistical differences in performance after the Eimeria challenge in all phases. Breed A presented a higher increase in FCR from 21 to 45 days in comparison to the breed B, which presented a deeper reduction in FI, BWG and MW at all periods post-infection when compared to the breed A. Despite of the challenge, breed A presented better performance indexes (P

The effect of feeding spray-dried plasma (SDP) during the starter period was evaluated with a commercial broiler integrator on performance and overall health of broilers. The I See Inside (ISI) methodology assessing gut health in broilers was used as a tool to evaluate the impact of dietary interventions under commercial conditions. One hundred farms with approximately 1.1 million broilers were used at a Brazilian broiler integrator. Two groups of farms were fed either a control or an SDP diet containing 1% SDP, from 0 to 10 d of age. Diets were formulated to have similar nutritional density, containing zinc bacitracin and CuSO4 from 0 to 28 d. After 10 d, both groups were fed common commercial diets. Performance data were analyzed together or by type of ventilation system: positive pressure or negative pressure. Birds were sent to market as they reached 3.05 kg; therefore, age at slaughter (AS) was evaluated as a dependent variable along with other performance measures. From the 100 farms in the trial, 35 (16 control and 19 SDP farms) were selected for the assessment of broilers health, biosecurity, and local management. For that, 6 broilers per farm at 14 ± 2 d of age were necropsied and ileum sampled for the ISI methodology evaluation. Biosecurity and management were also evaluated to obtain the influence of those parameters on animal health. SDP-fed birds demonstrated improved feed conversion ratio, reduced mortality, and 1 d less for AS (P < 0.05) vs. control group (P < 0.05) regardless of the type of ventilation. During necropsy, birds fed SDP showed lower coccidiosis and locomotor system lesions as the overall ISI score compared to controls. Histologic intestinal alterations were also lower in SDP-fed broilers (P < 0.05). In conclusion, feeding 1% SDP in the starter period to broilers resulted in improved performance and health under both good and bad management and biosecurity standards independent of the type of ventilation. Overall, there was good agreement between the ISI method and performance improvements observed.

SUMMARY Salmonella enterica has more than 2,500 different serovars that have been described as causes of human infections, and S. enterica serovar Enteritidis is the most prevalent of these serovars. In some regions in Brazil, S. enterica serovar Minnesota was prevalent in 37.93% of broiler samples. This study evaluated the effect of a prebiotic (PREB) based on mannan oligosaccharide on the immune response of broilers challenged against Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) or Minnesota (SM). PREB supplementation increased the weight gain and reduced Salmonella recovered and mRNA gene expression of IL12 in livers of SE-challenged broilers, but did not prevent colonization by SM in the liver at 16 h after challenge. At the time of challenge, birds supplemented with PREB had higher lymphocyte scores in the lamina propria, villi edema, and dilation, suggesting an inflammatory reaction when compared to a non-supplemented group. PREB supplementation could prevent SE colonization in the livers of broilers 16 h after challenge; however, it would have no effect on SM challenged birds. The challenge with serovar Enteritidis induces higher IL12 mRNA expression levels than challenge with SM.

The effects of lutein and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth performance and immune response of broiler chickens were evaluated in the presence and absence of Salmonella lipopolysaccharide (LPS) immune challenge. Cobb chicks (360; 1 to 22 d of age) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of CLA (0, 1, and 2%) and lutein (0 and 50 mg/kg) dietary levels. At d 8 and 15, birds were injected with BSA to assess IgY production. At d 20, birds were injected with LPS. Samples of liver, spleen, and duodenum were collected at 3 and 16 h post-LPS challenge for RT-qPCR analysis of RXRα, RXRγ, PPARα, PPARγ, TLR-4, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, and IL-12 gene expression. CLA decreased BW, BW gain (BWG), and G:F from d 1 to 20, but these effects were reversed when lutein was included in the 1% CLA diet (P < 0.001). The production of IgY anti-BSA increased following a 2% CLA supplementation (P < 0.01). LPS increased the liver:BW ratio at 3 h post-injection (P < 0.001) and decreased BWG at 3, 16, and 40 h (P < 0.001). Lutein decreased plasmatic nitric oxide levels (P < 0.01). LPS downregulated PPARα mRNA in the duodenum (P = 0.02) and liver (P = 0.04), and PPARγ (P = 0.01) and RXRα (P = 0.08) in the spleen; these effects were not reversed by CLA or lutein as initially hypothesized. Although LPS upregulated IL-1β (P = 0.02) and IL-12 (P = 0.07) expression, lutein downregulated these pro-inflammatory cytokines in the liver (P = 0.03 and P = 0.07, respectively). Lutein decreased splenic (P = 0.09) but increased hepatic (P = 0.06) TLR-4 mRNA. A dietary CLA supplementation of 2% increased hepatic RXRα (P = 0.10). In conclusion, CLA decreased broiler chicken growth performance, but lutein could prevent this negative effect (depending on CLA dose). Lutein had an anti-inflammatory effect, and a 2% CLA supplementation improved the humoral immune response.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a blend of organic acids (OAs) in diets with or without antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens. Day-old male broiler chicks were used in a trial with 4 treatments and 6 replicates of 50 birds per pen, for 43 days, in a completely randomized design. The treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement consisted of the presence or absence of enramycin (AGP) and of a blend of OA in the feed. All birds were inoculated at 7 days of age with an anticoccidial vaccine in the drinking water; on days 14, 15, and 16, they were inoculated with C. perfringens in the feed. OA improved weight gain, body weight, and feed intake in the periods 1–7 days and 1–21 days in chicks without antibiotic supplementation. The AGP had the main effect of increasing weight gain and body weight at 35 d; the OA increased weight gain, body weight, and feed intake at 43 days of age. The birds supplemented with OA without AGP had a higher number of CD3+ cells in the ileum mucosa and lower crypt depth than birds supplemented with both OA and antibiotic at 7 days. At 21 days of age, birds fed OA without AGP had higher villus height and a larger villus/crypt ratio; however, there were no differences in the CD3+ cells in the ileal mucosa. The use of OA was beneficial for weight gain and AGP for feed conversion, and the combination of OA and AGP brings complementary advantages in production.

Problems with indoor husbandry and immunological challenges are some of the stressors that broilers may face which can affect production. Infectious diseases can compound the effects of excessive concentrations of ammonia causing respiratory and ocular inflammation and increased lacrimal production in broiler chickens. The objectives of this investigation were to establish normal values of tear production in chicks and compare the practicality of the different methods. Palpebral fissure length (PFL) and tear production were evaluated in Cobb 500 chicks at 5 d old and then at 5 d of age by the following methods: modified Schirmer's test I (mSTT1), phenol red cotton thread tear test (PRCTTT), and standardized endodontic absorbent paper point test (EAPPTT). Ten chicks at the age of 5 and 42 d were evaluated for each method. In addition, at 42 d, when the palpebral fissure permitted, a regular-sized Schirmer tear test I (STT1) was performed in another group of 10 chickens. Overall, PFL and the secretion of the aqueous phase of the tear film increased with age. Mean mSTT1 results were 5.00 ± 1.83 mm and 10.45 ± 2.58 mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean PRCTTT results were 12.37 ± 1.80 mm and 25.58 ± 4.8 mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean EAPPTT results were 7.13 ± 0.72 mm and 12.03 ± 0.92 mm for 5- and 42-d-old chicks, respectively. Mean STT1 for 42-d-old chicks was 11.40 ± 2.60 mm. Results obtained with endodontic paper points showed the lowest coefficient of variation and investigators found the test easier to perform. These values reported for broilers at different ages may be applied in poultry ophthalmology to help the diagnosis of lacrimal production disorders and to detect early disease symptoms that could cause economic losses in poultry production.

The aim of the present evaluation was to assess the efficacy of blends of organic acids and oregano extracts supplied from d 1 to 21 and from d 35 to 42 in feed, drinking water, or both, in controllingSalmonella Enteritidis persistence in the crop and ceca of broiler chicken. A total of 105 one-day-old male broiler breeder chicks were randomly distributed into 5 different treatments according to the supply of referred blends andSalmonella Enteritidis challenge.Salmonella Enteritidis was inoculated directly in the crop of birds at the 15 d of age. Treatments were unsupplemented unchallenged, unsupplemented challenged, supplemented through water and challenged, supplemented through feed and challenged, and supplemented through feed and water and challenged. Use of the additives in feed and water and in water alone efficiently controlledSalmonella shedding and reduced cecal persistence. Immune mechanisms involved are proposed.

SUMMARY Different periods of hatching, called hatch windows, occur inside the same hatchery and birds’ development could be affected by this. This study evaluated morphology of the intestinal mucosa and gizzard, and the presence of CD3+ cells in thymus, spleen, and intestinal mucosa in broiler chicks hatched from different egg weights and in different hatch windows. Eggs from breeders at 38 wk of age were evaluated in a factorial 3 × 2 experimental design, with 3 hatch windows (hatching before 472 h of incubation, between 472 and 488 h of incubation, and between 488 and 504 h of incubation) and 2 egg weights (lightweight and heavyweight). Prematurely hatched chicks remaining inside the hatchery for longer periods presented improved koilin membrane development in the gizzard, and smaller presence of CD3+ cells in thymus, spleen, and ileum compared with those birds that hatched close to the standardized time for hatchery opening.

Para avaliar o efeito do probiótico sobre a resposta imunológica de frangos de corte desafiados com Salmonella Minnesota (SM), 60 frangos foram divididos em três grupos: CN- (controle negativo) aves que não foram inoculadas com SM, CP- (controle positivo) aves inoculadas com SM e Probiótico- aves suplementadas na ração com probiótico composto de Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarium, L. rhamnosus, L. bulgaricus, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus thermophilus e Bifidobacterium bifidum e desafiadas com SM. Aos 14 dias foi realizada a inoculação com SM e aos 7 e 35 dias foram quantificadas células caliciformes, CD4+ e CD8+ na mucosa intestinal do íleo e ceco. Aves suplementadas com probióticos aos 7 dias de idade apresentaram aumento significativo (P≤0,05) de células caliciformes e CD4+ no íleo e de células CD8+ no ceco. Aos 35 dias houve aumento significativo (P≤0,05) das células CD8+ nas aves inoculadas do CN e Probiótico. A utilização de probióticos proporcionou redução significativa (P≤0,05) da contagem de Salmonella sp.

In broiler production, the litter is reused for consecutives flocks, and it is treated during down time between flocks to reduce its microbial load. Although covering the litter with a plastic canvas is a common litter treatment in the field, there is little scientific information available on its efficacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of covering broiler litter with a plastic canvas for eight days on litter microbiological, physical, and chemical parameters, and on the intestinal microbiota and immunity of broilers. In the first trial, reused litter from a previous flock was distributed into three treatments, with six replicates each: L1 (negative control, litter free from Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Eimeria maxima (EM) and not covered), L2 (positive control, litter with SE and EM, and not covered), and L3 (litter with SE and EM, and covered with plastic canvas for eight days). Litter total bacteria, Enterobacteria, Lactobacillus, SE, and EM counts, and litter pH, temperature, moisture, and ammonia emission were determined on days 1 and 8. In the second trial, broilers were housed on those litters according to the treatments described above, and their intestinal microbiota, gut CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and macrophages, and liver and intestinal pro-inflammatory interleukin (IFN-γ, IL-1β e IL-18) levels were evaluated on days 14 and 28. A significant reduction of litter bacterial populations was observed in the litter covered with plastic canvas. A significantly higher mRNA IFN-γ gene expression (12.5-fold) was observed in the jejunum and liver of broilers reared on the litter with Enterobacteria counts. No EM reduction was observed in the covered litter. Covering reused broiler litter with plastic canvas reduces initial litter bacterial load as a result of the interaction between physical and chemical parameters.

The present study evaluated the effect of aflatoxin B1 and Eimeria vaccine challenges and their interaction on intestinal morphology, applying the morphometric index “I See Inside” (ISI). Immune cellular response and broiler chicken performance were also studied. A total of 240 broiler chickens were divided in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 4 treatments, T1: Control diet and no challenge (CON), T2: Aflatoxin B1 (AFLA), T3: Control diet and Eimeria challenge (COC), and T4: Aflatoxin B1 and Eimeria challenge (AFLA+COC). The mathematical morphometric index ISI was applied to evaluate macro and microscopic alterations. Samples of liver and jejunum were analyzed for macrophages, CD4+, and CD8+ cells counting by immunohistochemistry at 7, 14, and 21 d of age. Chickens challenged with Eimeria presented higher ISI of macroscopic alterations associated to Eimeria lesion at the medium small intestine, lower body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), and worse feed conversion ratio compared to non-challenged birds. Both Eimeria and aflatoxin challenges modulated the immune cells in the jejunum and liver, generally increasing the number of macrophages, CD4+, and CD8+ cells in relation to the control group. Birds from COC and COC+AFLA groups presented higher ISI histological score in the jejunum at 7 and 14 d of age compared to the CON and AFLA groups. The reduction of FI and BWG was correlated to high histological ISI and resulted in a high presence of immune cells in tissues, suggesting immune response demand. The histological ISI had statistical correlation to broiler performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:28:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:32:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2016000100017.pdf: 471513 bytes, checksum: f0b2919e6f4862c7036432af9a8d2c31 (MD5) The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of glutamine and broiler breeder age on the development of intestinal mucosa in broiler chicks during first week of age. For this purpose, 32 one-day-old broiler chicks were distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of two broiler breeder ages (30 and 60 weeks) and two dietary glutamine supplementation levels (0% and 1%). The morphological development of intestinal mucosa, particularly villus height and crypt depth, was evaluated. The results showed that the supplementation with 1% of glutamine influenced the development of villus height in the duodenum (p=0.009), jejunum (p = 0.006), and ileum (p = 0.001), as well as crypt depth in the jejunum (p = 0.037) of 7-day-old broilers. These results suggest that the presence of glutamine influenced the development of intestinal mucosa during the first week of age, when these tissues are highly influenced by dietary components, especially by trophic agents. The results show that broiler breeder age (30 or 60 weeks) did not influence the evaluated parameters. Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná CCA Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp

Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de um composto vegetal contendo óleo essencial de orégano, alecrim, canela e extrato de pimenta vermelha no controle de Salmonella, Eimeria e Clostridium em frangos de corte. Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a eficiência deste produto no controle de Clostridium perfringens após desafio com Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima e E. tenella. Aves de um dia de idade foram divididas em três grupos: T1 - dieta controle sem aditivo promotor de crescimento; T2 - dieta com adição de avilamicina (10ppm); e T3 - dieta com adição do composto vegetal (100ppm). O uso do composto vegetal na alimentação de frangos reduziu lesões específicas de E. maxima e E. tenella aos 14 dias pós-inoculação (PI) como também reduziram a contagem de unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) de Clostridium perfringens no conteúdo do ceco das aves em relação ao grupo controle. No segundo experimento avaliou-se a eficiência deste mesmo produto em aves desafiadas com Salmonella Enteritidis. Aves de um dia de idade foram distribuídas em três tratamentos, sendo T1 - dieta controle sem adição de antibiótico promotor de crescimento, T2 - dieta com 10ppm de Avilamicina, T3 - dieta com 100ppm de um produto a base do composto vegetal acima citado. Aos 21 dias de idade todas as aves foram inoculadas com 10(5) UFC de Salmonella Enteritidis. A utilização do composto vegetal e avilamicina diminuiu a excreção de Salmonella nas aves 72 horas PI de Salmonella. A utilização do composto vegetal aumentou a relação vilo/células CD3+ no duodeno, em relação ao grupo avilamicina e controle, porém não teve efeito sobre a expressão destas células no ceco. The efficiency of a product in broiler feed containing essential oil of oregano, rosemary, cinnamon and extract of red pepper (plant compost) in the control of Salmonella, Eimeria and Clostridium was evaluated. Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the product. In the first experiment the efficiency of this product to control Clostridium perfringens after challenge with Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima and E. tenella was assessed. Day old chicks were allotted into three groups: T1 - control diet without growth promoter, T2 - diet with avilamycin (10ppm), and T3 - diet with addition of the plant compost (100ppm). The use of the plant compost in broiler diets reduced specific lesions of E. maxima and E. tenella at 14 days after inoculation and reduced the count of colony forming units (CFU) of Clostridium perfringens in the ceca comparing to the control group. In the second trial the efficiency of the same product in birds challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis was evaluated. Day old birds were submitted to three experimental diets: T1 - control diet without antibiotics growth promoter, T2 - diet with 10ppm Avilamycin, T3 - diet with 100ppm of the plant compost mentioned above. At 21 days of age all birds were inoculated with 10(5) CFU of Salmonella Enteritidis. The use of the plant compost and avilamycin decreased the excretion of Salmonella in poultry 72 hours after the inoculation. The use of the plant compost increased villous/CD3+ cells in the duodenum, compared to group avilamycin and control, but had no effect on the expression of these cells in the cecum.

SUMMARY In this trial, we assessed the effects of 2 different ages of breeders and of 2 periods of fasting posthatching on the performance of broilers up to 42 d of age. Male broilers from breeders of different ages (30 and 60 wk) were subjected to an experimental design with 4 treatments: 1) T1, chicks not subjected to fasting, from 30-wk-old breeders; 2) T2, chicks not subjected to fasting, from 60-wk-old breeders; 3) T3, chicks subjected to a 12-h fast, from 30-wk-old breeders; and 4) T4, chicks subjected to a 12-h fast, from 60-wk-old breeders. At the end of the trial, feed intake was greater for the chicks from older breeders. Fasting had a negative influence on feed intake in the period from 0 to 10 d of age. The birds from older breeders had a greater BW gain from 21 to 35 d of age when they were not subjected to a fasting period, but when birds were subjected to a fasting period, no differences between broiler breeder ages were observed on BW gain. Fasting did not exert a significant effect on the BW of the birds. Feed conversion was not influenced by the age of the breeders or by fasting.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:31:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:32:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2016000600079.pdf: 1209472 bytes, checksum: bb49ca211a0d9376aa9c0906b2c4a8b0 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This study investigated the effect of broiler breeder age on the morphological development of the small intestine broiler embryos (villus height, crypt depth, microvillus height, and villus density) at 20 day of incubation. Eggs obtained from 30-and 60-wk-old broiler breeders were used. The results showed that embryos from older broiler breeders presented longer villi in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum compared with younger broiler breeders. In addition, embryos from older broiler breeders presented deeper crypts in the jejunum and ileum, longer microvilli in jejunal enterocytes, and lower villus density (microvillus number/μm2) in the duodenum and ileum than younger breeders. These results suggest that breeder age influences the gut mucosa development of broiler embryos. Embryos from older broiler breeder showed greater development of the small intestine mucosa than those from younger broiler breeder. Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná- CCA Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias-Unesp FAPESP: 98/11304-9

Objetivou-se com o presente estudo comparar o efeito de diferentes sorovares de Salmonella na resposta imune local da mucosa do intestino de frangos de corte. Aos sete dias de idade, as aves foram desafiadas com os sorovares S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Senftenberg, S. Mbandaka e S. Minnesota. Foi observado que todos os sorovares testados foram capazes de colonizar o intestino das aves sendo possível o isolamento de Salmonella em suabes de cloaca, 48 h após inoculação. De maneira geral, as aves do grupo controle negativo, que não foram desafiados apresentaram quantidade significativamente menor de células imunológicas na mucosa intestinal do que as aves desafiadas. Porém, verificou-se que os sorovares de Salmonella, utilizados neste estudo, apresentaram diferentes efeitos sobre a dinâmica celular da mucosa do íleo e ceco e afetaram de modo diferente o ganho de peso e ganho médio diário das aves demonstrando distintos graus de patogenicidade. Os sorovares Enteritidis e Typhimurium apresentaram um efeito mais intenso tanto no desempenho quanto na mobilização de células imunológicas na mucosa intestinal de frangos de corte The study was designed to compare the effect of different Salmonella serovars in immune response across the count of CD8+ cells, CD4+ cells, goblet cells and macrophages in the gut mucosa of broilers. During the experimental inoculation at 7 day-old were used Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica sorovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Senftenberg, Mbandaka and Minnesota. It was observed that all serovars tested were capable of contaminating the poultry being possible counts of Salmonella in cloacal swabs, 48 h after inoculation and into the crop and cecum, at 14 and 20 day-old. Serovars tested had different effects on broiler performance assessed at 20 days. In the mucosa of the ileum and cecum of broilers, it was observed that some of the serotypes increased CD8 + cells, CD4 + cells, goblet cells and macrophages compared to the negative control group both at 14 and at 20 day-old. S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium are the serovars that showed the more intense effect in live performance and in the immune system of birds showing pathogenic characteristic; generally the broilers of the negative control showed significantly less immune cells on the intestinal mucosa than broilers inoculated experimentally. However, it was found that the Salmonella serovars used in this study had different effects on the cellular dynamics of the mucosa of the ileum and cecum and differently affect weight gain and average daily gain of poultry showing different levels of pathogenicity.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf: 534893 bytes, checksum: ea85135a4efa4519a51dbda446b12c8b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf: 534893 bytes, checksum: ea85135a4efa4519a51dbda446b12c8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf: 534893 bytes, checksum: ea85135a4efa4519a51dbda446b12c8b (MD5) S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf.txt: 16515 bytes, checksum: 6a4190a40c4ca055608da64ac6ffb07f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf: 534893 bytes, checksum: ea85135a4efa4519a51dbda446b12c8b (MD5) S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf.txt: 16515 bytes, checksum: 6a4190a40c4ca055608da64ac6ffb07f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf: 534893 bytes, checksum: ea85135a4efa4519a51dbda446b12c8b (MD5) S1516-635X2006000400004.pdf.txt: 16515 bytes, checksum: 6a4190a40c4ca055608da64ac6ffb07f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-12-01 This experiment aimed at evaluating the effects of the interactions between aflatoxin (500 or 250 ppb) and ochratoxin (500 or 250 ppb), and the possible benefits of adding yeast cell wall to prevent the effects of these mycotoxins in broiler chickens. Relative organ weight gain and live performance were evaluated at 21 and 42 days of age. Results indicated that at the levels of mycotoxins included in the experimental diets, ochratoxin reduced feed intake and body weight gain, and aflatoxin only affect feed intake of 21-day-old birds. No interaction was observed between aflatoxin and ochratoxin at the levels used in experimental study. Yeast cell wall did not significantly reduced the deleterious effects of ochratoxins. No significant differences were observed in relative organ weight gain. Yeast cell wall improved feed conversion ratio when birds were fed either contaminated or non-contaminated feeds. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

This study was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass and breast yields of broilers fed two different energy levels (3,200 or 2,900 kcal ME/kg) and two ways of expressing amino acid requirements (total n TAA or digestible n DAA) between 21 and 42 days of age. The results showed that broilers fed the diet containing 3,200 kcal ME/kg had higher weight gain (P=0.015), better feed conversion (P=0.001), and higher abdominal fat deposition (P=0.001) as compared to those fed the diet containing 2,900 kcal ME/kg. Diets formulated on DAA basis promoted higher weight gain (P=0.043), better feed conversion (P=0.010) and better conversion of ME intake into weight gain (P=0.007) as compared to those formulated on TAA basis. The results of this study suggest that formulation based on DAA is necessary if the diets contain protein sources that are not reliable in terms of amino acid digestibility. The response to formulation based on DAA was minimized when birds received the low energy level diet (2,900 kcal ME/kg).

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-01-01 The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of broiler breeder age and the dietary energy level (2,900 and 3,200 kcal ME/kg) on performance and pancreas lipase and trypsin activities of chicks during the first week of life. The birds from the older breeders had higher feed intake (P = 0.001) and weight gain (P = 0.001) than chicks from the younger broiler breeders. The pancreas enzymes activities were not affected by broiler breeder age, however it was influenced by the dietary energy level. Chicks fed diet with high energy content showed higher lipase activity than those submitted to low dietary energy level (P = 0.013) and trypsin activity was not affected by energy diet. No improvement on chicks performance was observed, suggesting that is not necessary to feed diets with high energy level during the first week of age. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2004. Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, 80035-050 Curitiba PR Unesp, 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Unesp, 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-01-01 The effect of dietary vitamin (VS) and mineral (MS) mix withdrawal between 42 and 49 d of age on broiler chicken performance was evaluated. The diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, and the experiments were conducted in floor pens using wood shavings as litter. Trial 1 evaluated withdrawal of VS and MS mix at 42, 45, and 49 d. The resalts of this trial showed that VS and MS mix withdrawal at 42 d of age did not impair feed intake (FI) or weight gain (WG), but feed conversion (FC) was improved (P = 0.043) when both mixes were maintained in the diets until 49 d of age. Trial 2 assessed the withdrawal of VS or MS mix at 42 d of age. FI and WG were not affected by withdrawal, but FC was poorer (P = 0.035) for the broilers fed the diet without VS. The relative liver weight was reduced by VS or MS mix withdrawal (P = 0.014 and P = 0.001, respectively). Carcass, breast, and leg yields were not affected by VS or MS mix withdrawals in either trial. The findings of the study suggested that VS mix withdrawal during the final period of broiler chicken growth was more deleterious than the withdrawal of MS mix, because it affected FC ratio. VS or MS withdrawal during this period did not affect carcass yield. Fac. de Cie. Agrarias e Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal Unesp, Cep: 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP Fac. de Cie. Agrarias e Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal Unesp, Cep: 14884-900 Jaboticabal SP

SUMMARY We studied the efficacy of hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) as an inhibitor of the toxic effects of ochratoxin in broilers from 1 to 42 d of age. A total of 288 broilers was distributed into four treatments with four replicates of 18 birds each: T1, control; T2, 0.25% HSCAS; T3, 2 ppm of ochratoxin; T4, 0.25% HSCAS + 2 ppm ochratoxin. The parameters evaluated were feed intake; weight gain; feed conversion; relative weights of the liver, kidneys, and bursa; and serum levels of Ca, P, total protein (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT). Ochratoxin in the diet negatively affected (P < 0.05) all performance parameters evaluated when the birds were 21 and 42 d of age. However, HSCAS did not affect performance, and there was no interaction between HSCAS and dietary ochratoxin. The liver and the kidneys of birds fed ochratoxin with or without HSCAS were relatively heavier (P < 0.05) than those of the control birds, demonstrating the influence of ochratoxin, but not of HSCAS, on the relative weight of these organs. Although the bursa of birds exposed to ochratoxin with or without HSCAS had a lower relative weight as compared to control birds, the difference was not significant. Ca, P, and TP serum levels were lower (P < 0.05) in birds exposed to ochratoxin, whereas AST and GGT levels were higher (P < 0.05) in these birds. These results reflect that ochratoxin in the diet impaired the productivity indexes and that HSCAS did not improve these parameters.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:08:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf: 85310 bytes, checksum: 3da6287d008d586f4fe60698fe175473 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:08:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf: 85310 bytes, checksum: 3da6287d008d586f4fe60698fe175473 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-05-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf: 85310 bytes, checksum: 3da6287d008d586f4fe60698fe175473 (MD5) S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf.txt: 15330 bytes, checksum: bc2eda80968e451e820204c5289c7104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-05-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:28:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf: 85310 bytes, checksum: 3da6287d008d586f4fe60698fe175473 (MD5) S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf.txt: 15330 bytes, checksum: bc2eda80968e451e820204c5289c7104 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf: 85310 bytes, checksum: 3da6287d008d586f4fe60698fe175473 (MD5) S1516-635X2002000200008.pdf.txt: 15330 bytes, checksum: bc2eda80968e451e820204c5289c7104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-05-01 Foram conduzidos dois experimentos, utilizando-se 712 pintos de corte para avaliar o efeito do balanço eletrolítico (Na+K-Cl) em rações pré-iniciais (1-7 dias) de frangos de corte. As rações à base de milho e farelo de soja, com 21,5 % de proteína e 2.900 kcal EM/kg, foram oferecidas à vontade. No experimento I, o nível de K foi fixado e os níveis de Na e Cl foram manipulados, em 4 tratamentos com 8 repetições de 16 aves cada. No experimento II, níveis mais elevados de Na e K foram usados, com 4 tratamentos e 5 repetições de 10 aves cada. em ambos os experimentos, os balanços eletrolíticos foram de 40; 140; 240 e 340 mEq/kg de ração. O balanço eletrolítico causou um efeito quadrático no ganho de peso e na conversão alimentar e um aumento linear no consumo de alimento quando o balanço eletrolítico foi aumentado pela suplementação de Na, indicando que esse íon estimula o consumo de alimento das aves nesse período. Porém, o consumo de alimento foi máximo em 202 mEq/kg, quando os níveis de K e Na foram simultaneamente aumentados na dieta, indicando que o limite superior de consumo de alimento é deprimido em função do K em excesso. O balanço eletrolítico ideal foi entre 246 e 277 mEq/kg obtidos pela manipulação dos níveis de Na e Cl. Two experiments were carried out using 712 day-old chicks to evaluate the electrolytic balance (Na+K-Cl) in pre-starter (1-7 days) broiler diets. The feed, based on corn and soybean meal with 21.5 % protein and 2,900 kcal ME/kg, was offered ad libitum. In experiment I, K level was fixed, and Na and Cl levels were changed, using four 4 treatments and eight replicates of 16 birds. In experiment II, increasing levels of Na and K were used, with a total of four treatments and five repetitions of 10 birds. In both experiments, the dietary electrolytic balance was 40; 140; 240 and 340 mEq/kg. Electrolytic balance caused a quadratic effect on weight gain and feed:gain ratio, and a linear increase in feed intake when the electrolytic balance was increased by the single supplementation of Na, indicating that this ion stimulates feed intake of birds at this stage. However, feed intake was maximum for 202 mEq/kg, when K and Na levels were concurrently increased in the diet, indicating that there is a limit over which feed intake is depressed as a function of excessive K. The ideal electrolytic dietary balance was between 246 and 277 mEq/kg, obtained by the manipulation of Na and Cl levels. Unesp FCAV Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Depto. de Fisiologia Unesp FCAV

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:33Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2000-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Investigou-se o efeito da suplementação de glutamina na dieta sobre o consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar e sobre a estrutura da mucosa intestinal de frangos. Foram utilizados 320 pintos de corte machos distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso com dois tratamentos e quatro repetições, sendo T1 suplementado com 1% de L-glutamina na dieta e T2 controle. Os índices de desempenho foram analisados aos 7, 21 e 49 dias de idade das aves. Aos 7 e 14 dias de idade oito aves foram sacrificadas para colheita de fragmentos de cada porção do intestino delgado para avaliação da morfometria intestinal em microscopia de luz em sistema analisador de imagens Video Plan. As variáveis estudadas foram altura dos vilos, profundidade de cripta e relação vilo: cripta. A adição de 1% de glutamina à dieta de frangos não influenciou (P>0,05) o seu desempenho zootécnico. Entretanto, 1% de glutamina na ração foi capaz de alterar (P0.05) during the different phases of growth; however, glutamine changes the villous height (P

Matrizes avícolas, tipo corte (linhagem Ross), foram submetidas a três intervalos de arraçoamento: T1=48/48h, T2=programa 5/2 e T3=48/57/63h. O período de recria foi da 5ª até a 20ª semana. As variáveis estudadas neste ensaio foram: uniformidade de peso corporal, viabilidade criatória, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Na fase de produção (29ª a 44ª semana de idade), avaliou-se o efeito residual das aves submetidas aos tratamentos da fase de recria sobre os parâmetros produtivos. As variáveis estudadas foram: produção de ovos, peso médio de ovos, ovos incubáveis e conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as diferenças comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. Durante o período de recria, o aumento do intervalo de arraçoamento (T3) apresentou melhor uniformidade de peso corporal, bem como melhor conversão alimentar (P0,05) nos períodos estudados. Os parâmetros ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar apresentaram piores resultados para as aves que receberam o menor intervalo de arraçoamento (P0,05) quanto aos parâmetros estudados, pois os dados de produção mostraram-se homogêneos para os diferentes tratamentos. Broiler breeders (Ross Line) were submitted to three different systems of feeding intervals namely: T1= 48/48h, T2 = scheme 5/2 and T3 = 48/57/63h. The study 1 was during the growing period from the fifth to the twentieth week. The variables studied in this assay were: body weight, uniformity, viability, weight gain and feed conversion. In the study 2, which as developed from the 29th to 44th week of age, the residual effect of the assay 1 was evaluated in regard to the productivity parameters. The variables mensured were egg production, egg weight, hatchability percentage and feed conversion per eggdozen. Data collected were subjected to analyses of variance and the differences were compared by the Tukey test. In the study 1 the increasing feed intervals resulted in better body weight uniformity as well as better feeding conversion (P0.05). The results were lower in the parameters of weight of gain and feed conversion for the birds that had received the smaller feed interval (P0.05), the production data shoved hight similarity in the different treatments.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782008000400030.pdf: 54149 bytes, checksum: 1ce7d361ee2659382790e34f1f999ab8 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782008000400030.pdf: 54149 bytes, checksum: 1ce7d361ee2659382790e34f1f999ab8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000400030.pdf: 54149 bytes, checksum: 1ce7d361ee2659382790e34f1f999ab8 (MD5) S0103-84782008000400030.pdf.txt: 22590 bytes, checksum: 8b8b3fa868a9c230acd68dc988750d9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000400030.pdf: 54149 bytes, checksum: 1ce7d361ee2659382790e34f1f999ab8 (MD5) S0103-84782008000400030.pdf.txt: 22590 bytes, checksum: 8b8b3fa868a9c230acd68dc988750d9a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782008000400030.pdf: 54149 bytes, checksum: 1ce7d361ee2659382790e34f1f999ab8 (MD5) S0103-84782008000400030.pdf.txt: 22590 bytes, checksum: 8b8b3fa868a9c230acd68dc988750d9a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Foram avaliados o comportamento ingestivo e o desempenho de frangos de corte alimentados com diferentes níveis de energia e inclusões de óleo vegetal na dieta inicial. No Experimento 1, foi comparado o desempenho de frangos alimentados com dietas contendo 2.900 ou 3.200kcal em kg-1 de ração, e a ingestão de em foi maior nas aves alimentadas com 3.200Kcal em kg-1 na primeira semana de idade. O consumo de ração (CR), o ganho de peso (GP) e a conversão alimentar (CA) não foram influenciados pelo nível de energia aos sete e aos 14 dias, entretanto, aos 21 dias de idade, GP e CA foram melhores paras aves alimentadas com dietas com 3.200Kcal de em kg-1. No Experimento 2, foram formuladas dietas isocalóricas (2.900 Kcal em kg-1) com diferentes níveis de óleo (0, 1, 2 e 3%). Entre o sexto e o décimo dia de idade houve aumento no CR, concomitantemente à inclusão de óleo (Y=47,6+49,8x-13,4x², R²=0,98). Entre o décimo e o décimo quinto dia e também entre o décimo quinto e vigésimo dia de idade, houve preferência pela ingestão de rações com maior nível de óleo (Y=16,6+52,85x, R²=0,97 e Y= 9,3+59,05x, R²=0,98 respectivamente). No experimento 3, foi avaliado o desempenho e a atividade da lipase e amilase pancreáticas. No décimo primeiro dia de idade, houve aumento linear em GP e CR com o aumento no nível de óleo. Não houve alteração nos níveis de enzimas estudados. Dietas com altos níveis de energia e/ou óleo não alteram o desempenho ou a produção de lipase e amilase em frangos nos primeiros dias de idade. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que altos níveis de energia proveniente de lipídios não são interessantes para frangos de corte, por não alterarem o seu desempenho (consumo de ração, ganho de peso ou conversão alimentar). The feed intake and performance of the broilers fed with different levels of dietary energy in the starter diet to 21 days of age were evaluated. In Experiment 1 it was evaluated the performance of birds fed to 2,900 and 3,200kcal ME kg-1 diets, and the results show that ME intake was highest for birds 3,200kcal ME kg-1 on the 7th day of age. Feed intake (FI), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion (FC) were not affected by dietary energy level on the 7th and 14th day of age, but on the 21st day of age, WG and FC were better for 3,200kcal ME kg-1 diets. In the experiment 2, isocaloric diets (2,900kcal ME kg-1) were formulated with four different oil levels (0, 1, 2, and 3%), in order to observe diet preference. Between 6 and 10 days of age, a quadratic response in FI for oil level was observed (Y=47.6+49.8x-13.4x², R²=0.98). Between 11 to 15, and 16 to 20 days of age, birds preferred to eat the diet with the highest level of oil (Y=16.6+52.85x, R²=0.97 and Y=19.30+59.05x, R²=0.98, respectively). Experiment 3 evaluated the performance and the pancreatic Lipase and Amylase activities of birds. on the 11th day of age, a linear response to WG and FC dietary oil level occurred. No differences were found in pancreatic lipase and amylase enzyme levels at 5 days of age. The diets with higher levels of energy and/or oil, during the first days of age, did not influence dietary preference, pancreatic lipase and amylase level or the performance of broilers. The results of this study show that diets with high levels of energy derived from lipids may not be interesting for young broilers, as they do not result in better performance (FI, WG, and FC). Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T18:55:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-01-01 A trial was conducted to assess the effects of the dietary supplement Yucca schidigera extract on the performance of broilers subjected to different coccidiosis control methods. Six hundred male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 treatments with 4 replicates each. The treatments were as follows: T1, vaccinated against coccidiosis; T2, nonvaccinated, a dietary coccidiostat; T3, vaccinated against coccidiosis, diet supplemented with Y. schidigera extract (0.01%); T4, coccidiostat plus Y. schidigera extract added to feed (0.01%); and T5, nonvaccinated, nonsupplemented control. The parameters analyzed were bird performance and morphology of the intestinal mucosal surface. The intestinal villi were higher at 6 d of age in broilers treated with coccidiostats or vaccinated against coccidiosis and supplemented with Y. schidigera extract compared with groups receiving the vaccine only or no treatment. Addition of the Y. schidigera extract to the diet of vaccinated birds improved average daily gain and feed conversion rate at 42 d of age compared with the other treatments, suggesting there might be a beneficial, synergistic effect between the coccidiosis vaccine and the F. schidigera extract. © 2007 Poultry Science Association, Inc. School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo Federal University of Paraná, 80035-050 Curitiba, Paraná School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences Universidade Estadual Paulista, 14884-900 Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo

O controle da umidade da cama na criação comercial de aves é essencial, especialmente no verão, quando há maior ingestão de água pelas aves e as fezes ficam muito liqüefeitas. Uma solução é incorporar substâncias adsorventes de água na dieta, como aluminossilicato, que reduz a água livre e proporciona menor umidade na cama. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar se o aluminossilicato pode melhorar o aspecto das fezes ao ser adicionado na ração de frangos. Foi realizado numa granja comercial em São José dos Pinhais-PR, utilizando-se dois tratamentos e quatro repetições com 25 aves cada. No primeiro tratamento adicionou-se 1% de aluminossilicato (SilvetÒ) à dieta, no segundo, o produto estava ausente. Dos 3 aos 40 dias de vida as aves receberam ração e água ad libitum, sendo pesadas aos 22 e 40 dias e avaliadas quanto consumo de ração, ganho de peso e conversão alimentar. Realizou-se também necropsia de 4 aves por tratamento, para observação de possíveis lesões macroscópicas e colheita dos conteúdos intestinais que foram enviados para análise de umidade total e cinzas. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA, não havendo diferenças significativas quanto ao desempenho das aves entre os tratamentos, entretanto, em ambas as idades as porcentagens de cinzas e umidade total foram maiores nas aves que receberam aluminossilicato. A inclusão do aluminossilicato na dieta não influencia no desempenho das aves, porém melhora o aspecto fecal, aumentando a quantidade de matéria seca e reduzindo a umidade livre nas fezes excretadas. The use of aluminossilicate (silvet®) as an adjuvant in broiler feces aspect and performance improvement Abstract The control of bed humidity in the creations of r commercial broiler chicken is essential, especially in the summer, when there is a larger ingestion of water the feces becoming more liquefied. The incorporation of water adsorptive substances to the diet, such as the aluminossilicate, reduces the free water and provides lower humidity in the bed. This study was carried out to evaluate the use of aluminossilicate on feces aspect. Two treatments and four repetitions with 25 chicks each were performed in a commercial farm in São José dos Pinhais-PR. At the first treatment 1% of aluminossilicate was added (SilvetÒ) to the diet, while the product was absent in the other. From 3 to 40 days of life the chicks received ration and water ad libitum and were weighted at days 22 and 40 and evaluated over ration consumption, bodyweight gain and alimentary conversion. Necropsy of 4 chicks per treatment was carried out in order to detect possible macroscopic lesions, collect intestinal contents and analyze total humidity and ashes content in the feces. The results submitted to the statistical method ANOVA, did not show expressive differences between the treatments for animal performance. However, in both ages the total humidity and ash percentage were higher on broiler that received aluminossilicate. Aluminossilicate inclusion on diet did not influence in the broiler performance, although it improved the feces aspect by increasing the drought matter quantity and reducing the feces free humidity.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:08:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:08:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:13:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf: 117236 bytes, checksum: f3d34e8fe939ca390ae5c6848fadce16 (MD5) S1516-635X2004000100003.pdf.txt: 16001 bytes, checksum: 403ca907b6c07f68f6a9e4c0492f3fb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of broiler breeder age on the development of the digestive tract of embryos and chicks. Fertilized eggs Cobb from 30 and 60 week-old broiler breeder was utilized in this experiment. The results showed that eggs from older (60 weeks of age) broiler breeders were heavier (p = 0.001) than those from younger (30 weeks of age) broiler breeder. In addition, older broiler breeder had larger (p = 0.001) embryos showing a higher yolk sac (p = 0.001) and higher gastrointestinal tract relative weight (p = 0.007) than those from younger broiler breeder. The activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin enzymes were also higher in embryos from older broiler breeder than those from younger broiler breeder (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). Nevertheless, at the seven-day-old chick, no difference was observed in relative weight of gastrointestinal tract or pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities between older and younger broiler breeder age. However chicks from older broiler breeder were heavier than those from younger broiler breeder (p = 0.005). These data suggest that broiler breeder age is important on grower and on the development of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities of embryo. However after one week of hatching the morphophysiological difference disappear. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Unesp Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar a eficácia da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PCSC) como inibidor dos efeitos tóxicos da aflatoxina em frangos de corte de 1 a 42 dias de idade. Foram utilizados 320 frangos distribuídos em quatro tratamentos com quatro repetições de 20 aves cada: T1- controle; T2 – 0.1% PCSC; T3 – 500 ppb de aflatoxina; T4 – 0.1% PCSC + 500 ppb de aflatoxina. Os parâmetros avaliados foram consumo de ração; ganho de peso; conversão alimentar; peso relativo de fígado, rins e bursa de Fabricius. O nível de Aflatoxina da dieta afetou (P0,05) outros parâmetros de desempenho aos 21 e 42 dias de idade. A PCSC melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves expostas ou não à aflatoxina aos 42 dias de idade. A aflatoxina e/ou PCSC da dieta não afetaram o peso relativo dos órgãos avaliados. Não foram observadas interações entre aflatoxina e PCSC. Os resultados demonstram que, nos níveis utilizados no presente estudo, a aflatoxina não causa efeitos deletérios às aves em condições experimentais. Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSC) as an inhibitor of the toxic effects of aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age. A total of 320 broilers were distributed in four treatments with four replicates of 20 birds each: T1- control; T2 – 0.1% CWSC; T3 – 500 ppb of aflatoxin; T4 – 0.1% CWSC + 500 ppb of aflatoxin. The parameters evaluated were feed intake; weight gain, feed conversion; relative weights of liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius. Although aflatoxin has decreased (P0.05) other performance parameters when the birds were at 21 and 42 days of age. The CWSC improved the feed conversion of birds exposed or not to aflatoxin at 42 days of age. The aflatoxin and / or CWSC in the diet did not affect the relative weight of evaluated organs. No interaction between CWSC and dietary aflatoxin was found. These results demonstrate that, at the levels given in this study, aflatoxin do not cause deleterious effects in the performance of broilers when in experimental conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T09:35:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 A study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) as an inhibitor of aflatoxicosis in broilers. Clinic, pathologic, immune and productive aspects of broilers fed with aflatoxin in the diets were studied. The results showed that the feed intake and weight gain were negatively affected (P < 0.01) for aflatoxin in diet (1000 ppb). The SC (0, 20%) added to diet did not ameliorated the negatively aflatoxin effect at broiler weight gain, however the SC improve the feed conversion in this birds. The humoral immune response of broilers vaccinated against Newcastle virus disease (NDV) was reduced for aflatoxin in diet, as also the liver, kidneys and bursa of Fabricius were negatively affected for this toxin at diet. The SC did not improve the hemagglutination inhibiting antibody titers in birds fed with aflatoxin in diet, however improve the immune response of broilers at challenge with strain velogenic of NDV. © Asian Network for Scientific Information 2003. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Fisiologia, Centro Politécnico/Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:56:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 Several studies demonstrate that environmental temperature can influence the immune response of poultry. The objective of this research was to determine at which stage in the life of a bird this effect is greatest. In experiment 1, broiler breeder eggs were incubated at three different temperatures (36.8 ± 0.2, 37.8 ± 0.2, and 38.8 ± 0.2°C) from the 13th day of incubation to hatching. After hatching, birds were raised in thermoneutral temperature. In experiment 2, 144 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into three environmental chambers with different temperatures (18 ± 2, 24 ± 2, and 32 ± 2°C). In both experiments, the humoral immune responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and infectious bursal disease (IBDV) were evaluated. NDV and IBDV antibody titers were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Depto. de Patol. Veterinária Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP Depto. de Patol. Veterinária Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-01-01 Use of antibiotics as an additive in poultry diets to improve growth has been discussed in relation to bacterial resistance and the development of new products and management practices. This study was carried out to test the efficacy of a new substance (Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls, var. Calsberg- SCCW) obtained from the brewery industry, added (at 0.1 and 0.2%) to broiler chicken diets (based on corn and soybean meal), on performance and intestinal mucosa development In Experiment 1 (carried out in litter-floor pens) the results revealed higher body weight gain for the total experimental period and higher villus height at 7 d of age for the birds fed 0.2% SCCW. In a field test using 44,000 broilers that received feed containing 0.2% SCCW, the results also showed higher body weight gain and better feed conversion for SCCW-supplemented birds. The present findings show that SCCW improved body weight gain in broiler chickens and that this effect can be attributed to the trophic effect of this product on the intestinal mucosa, because it increases villus height, particularly during the first 7 d of a chicken's life. Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal-Unesp, Cep: 14870-000 Jaboticabal, SP Cooperativa Holambra, Holambra, SP Prodesa Alimentos S.A., Campinas, SP Frango Sertanejo S.A., Guapiaçu, SP Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal Faculdade Cie. Agrarias Veterinarias Campus de Jaboticabal-Unesp, Cep: 14870-000 Jaboticabal, SP

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:42:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-01-01 We studied the effect of feed and water deprivation on gastrointestinal tract and intestinal mucosa development of chicks at 24, 48, and 72 h posthatching. The treatments were water and feed ad libitum, water ad libitum and no feed, no water but feed ad libitum, and no water and no feed. The relative weight of the yolk sac was not influenced by the treatments. However, at 48 and 72 h posthatching, the relative weight of the liver increased, and the gizzard + proventriculus weight decreased in birds receiving feed ad libitum. An increase in jejunum and ileum relative weights and lengths was observed when the birds were supplied with feed and water. The lack of water produced the same effect as the lack of feed, both causing a higher number of villi per area with reduction in villus size, when compared with feed and water ad libitum treatments. The results of this study revealed that feed and water are able to affect intestinal villus development after hatching, indicating that both feed and water must be supplied to the chicks immediately after hatching. Faculdade Cie. Agrarias V. Depto. de Morfol. e Fisiol. Animal, Jaboticabal, São Paulo