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Biofortification of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in crops could be affected by environmental factors such as soil salinity and phosphorus supply levels, as well as by the genotypic effect. Two pot experiments were conducted with one examined the effects of P supply and salinity on plant growth and Zn, Fe and Se uptake in wheat, and the other examined genotypic differences in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation among 20 wheat genotypes. The results of the first pot study showed significant interactive effects between P supply and salinity on Zn, Fe and Se accumulation. Increasing salinity at the same P supply level increased shoot Zn concentrations, but significantly decreased total shoot Zn amount owing to decreased aboveground biomass. An increased accumulation of total shoot Fe and Se in P-added treatments, relative to the no-P treatments, was mainly due to increased aboveground biomass. The results of the second pot study showed substantial genotypic variations in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation; principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that agronomic traits and nutrient accumulation were controlled by independent genetic mechanisms. These results indicated that the amount of P supply is a key factor regulating biomass and accumulation of Zn, Fe and Se in certain saline soils; the sizable genotypic difference in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation observed in salinised conditions has provided potential scope for genetic improvement by breeding strategies. This paper deals with the effects of phosphorus (P) supply and salinity on zinc (Zn), iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) accumulation in wheat, as well as the genotypic difference in Zn, Fe and Se accumulation among genotypes. Significant interactive effects between P supply and salinity were detected on Zn, Fe and Se accumulation, suggesting that P supply is a key factor regulating biomass and accumulation of Zn, Fe and Se in certain saline soils. Substantial genotypic differences among genotypes provided potential scope for genetic improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective]The present paper aimed to understand the cold tolerance of sugarcane main parents and the change characteristics of cold tolerance evaluation related traits, and to provide reference for breeding cold tolerance sugarcane varieties and reducing the harm of frost to sugarcane production. [Method] A total of 102 parents were selected for natural frost test in 5 crops consisted of two plant cane( 2017P and 2019P) and 3-year ratoon crops(2018F, 2019S and 2020F) during 2017-2020 in Zizhong, Sichuan, a frost prone area. The correlation analysis, variance analysis, calculation of broad sense heritability and cluster classification were processed. [Result] It was found that there were differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and ratoon cane was more vulnerable than plant cane. The damaged traits were significantly ( P < 0. 05 ) correlated with some agronomic characters under cold or light frost. The performance of damaged traits was affected by parent, year and their interaction. The damage rate of plant was a high heritability trait, which can be used to evaluate cold tolerance under cold and light frost. The damage rate of stalk length and internode were medium heritability traits, which were less affected by low temperature environments, and can be used to evaluate cold tolerance, and the damage rate of internode was slightly better than that of stalk length. The percentage of green leaves varies greatly among years, which can be used for cold tolerance evaluation under light or moderate frost. The percentage of parental variance decreased, and the heritability also decreased when combined data from different trials were used for variance analysis. Cluster classification showed that trials plant crops in 2017 and 2019 were not suitable for the evaluation of cold tolerance of parents. Among the tested parents, 58. 89% of the parents were identified as good or better cold tolerance and 23. 53 % as poor or poorer.[Conclusion] There are differences in the types and degree of cold damaged traits among parents under low temperature environments, and the cold tolerance of sugarcane belongs to medium to high heritability. The traits that can be used for cold tolerance evaluation are affected by the degree of low temperature. Mild and severe low temperature stress should be set for indoor cold tolerance test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Crop Science Journal is the property of African Crop Science Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, 10 genotypes of maize, which are sourced from Al-Dabbaneh Modern Agriculture Company Ltd., were used. This study was conducted during the autumn planting season of 2021. It included a field experiment carried out in two locations, the first in an agricultural field in the city of Mosul, and the second in the city of Erbil for three replications. The study parameters traits included number of days for male flowering at 50%, number of days for female flowering at 50%, plant height, number of leaves/plant, main ear leaf area, number of ear, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains in row, number of grains per ear, weight of 300 grains, individual plant yield, percentage of oil. The results showed that the mean squares of the genotypes were significant for most of the studied traits and for both locations, while the values of genetic variance were significant for both locations for most traits, while the values of environmental and phenotypic variance were significant for all traits and for both locations. The trait of the individual plant yield gave the highest value for the coefficient of genetic and phenotypic variation for both locations. The values of the broad-sense heritability ranged between high and medium for most traits and for both locations. The values of the expected genetic improvement in percentage were low for most of the traits and for both locations except that they are average for the trait of the number of grains per ear and the yield of the individual plant, for the Mosul location, and the average for the traits of the main leaf area of the ear, the number of grains per row, the number of grains per ear, the weight of 300 grains and the yield of the individual plant for the Erbil location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing genetic variability and heritability of the targeted traits is among the crucial first steps toward lentil crop breeding. With the aim of estimating genetic variability and heritability of the crop traits and screening the most promising genotypes, a total of 12 lentil genotypes (11 lines from ICARDA, Syria, and one local cultivar) were evaluated at three locations of the Sulaimani region, northern Iraq during 2018-2019 season. Results showed a significant (P≤0.05) genetic variation among the lentils for most of the agro-morphological traits. In pairwise comparisons, ICARDA lines Flip 93-36L and Flip 2009-70L showed the best performance for most of the evaluated traits and were identified as the most promising for local cultivation and breeding goals. The very significant positive and negative correlations were between seed yield with biomass (r=0.89) and number of days to emergence (r=-0.89). The highest to lowest broad-sense heritability (H²) values were recorded for 100 seed weight (0.74), number of days to flowering (0.67), first pod height (0.55), biomass (0.47), harvest index (0.37), number of days to maturity (0.36) and 100 seed yield (0.36). Principal components analysis (PCA) supported by cluster analysis was used to analyze the variability among the genotypes based on agro-morphological traits. The first three principal components explained 84.16% of the variability among the genotypes. In addition to the identification of potential lentil genotypes for cultivation uses and lentil breeding in northern Iraq, our variability and heritability data would contribute to the body of lentil breeding knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress ‘particularly at seedling stage’ causes morpho-physiological differences in wheat which are crucial for its survival and adaptability. In the present study, 209 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from synthetic wheat (W7984)× ‘Opata’ (also known as SynOpRIL) population were investigated under well-watered and water-limited conditions to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for morphological traits at seedling stage. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) among RILs, and water treatments for all traits with moderate to high broad sense heritability. Pearson's coefficient of correlation revealed positive correlation among all traits except dry root weight that showed poor correlation with fresh shoot weight (FSW) under water-limited conditions. A high-density linkage map was constructed with 2639 genotyping-by-sequencing markers and covering 5047 cM with an average marker density of 2 markers/cM. Composite interval mapping identified 16 QTL distributed over nine chromosomes, of which six were identified under well-watered and 10 in water-limited conditions. These QTL explained from 4 to 59% of the phenotypic variance. Six QTL were identified on chromosome 7B; three for shoot length under water-limited conditions (QSL.nust-7B) at 64, 104 and 221 cM, two for fresh root weight (QFRW.nust-7B) at 124 and 128 cM, and one for root length (QRL.nust-7B) at 122 cM positions. QFSW.nust-7B appeared to be the most significant QTL explaining 59% of the phenotypic variance and also associated with FSW at well-watered conditions. These QTL could serve as target regions for candidate gene discovery and marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A greenhouse experiment was used to study the effects of host genotype on short root formation and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community structure in Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Rooted cuttings representing 55 clones were inoculated with a mix of vegetative hyphae of five ECM fungal species ( Laccaria sp., Amphinema byssoides, Piloderma sp., Cadophora finlandia, Paxillus involutus). After one growing season, the ECM fungal community structure was determined by amplifying the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA directly from ECM root tips. Restriction profiles of obtained amplicons were then compared to those of the inoculated strains. Spruce clones differed in their ECM fungal community composition; we found a statistically significant clone-specific effect on ECM fungal diversity and dominating fungal species. Nevertheless, the broad sense heritabilities of the levels of Laccaria sp., Piloderma sp. and A. byssoides colonisations as well as the ECM fungal community structure were low ( H = 0.04−0.11), owing to the high within-clone variation. As nitrogen concentration of needles correlated negatively with ECM fungal richness, our results imply that in the experimental conditions nutrient acquisition of young trees may benefit from colonisation with only one or two ECM fungal species. The heritability of short root density was moderate ( H = 0.41) and highest among all the measured shoot and root growth characteristics of Norway spruce cuttings. We suggest that the genetic component determining root growth and short root formation is significant for the performance of young trees in natural environments as these traits drive the formation of the below-ground symbiotic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hordeum chilense (Roem. et Schult), a native grass of South America, is a source of antixenotic and antibiotic resistance to the greenbug Schizaphis graminum Rondani. The genetic and environmental components of the variability in antibiotic resistance shown by H. chilense were determined by measuring the developmental time, the length of adult life, fecundity and intrinsic rate of population increase of greenbugs reared on this host The aphids belonged to a clone of biotype C. Plants were cloned to reduce the incidence of environmental variability. Different plant characters appeared to prolong aphid developmental time and reduce the length of adult life and total fecundity. The broad sense heritability and the genetic variability of these plant characters were different. The plant character that affected aphid development appears to differ from that affecting fecundity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]