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Digital twins for medium span bridges – pilot project bridge Schwindegg – part 2: Asset Administration Shell The term ′digital twin′ is becoming increasingly popular in German‐speaking countries for the digital management and condition monitoring of bridges. Although standardised developments for the use of digital twins have already been initiated in industry and medicine, the first prototypes are currently being implemented in the construction industry. The digital images are typically operated in online environments that are proprietary to the project and have limited reusability. The article investigates the integration of scaling into Building Information Modelling models, which is reaching its limits due to the real‐time capability. It places existing definitions of the digital twin of the industry in the context of the construction industry. The implementation of the Isenbridge in Schwindegg as an Industry 4.0 Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is presented, building on Part 1 of this contribution. We show that an industrial, data‐driven digital twin can also be implemented technically and semantically for engineering structures. The article also presents the future challenges for evaluation and control mechanisms still to be developed for the structure. We also show a possible visualisation. The goal is to develop a syntax for the AAS' communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital twins for medium span bridges – pilot project bridge Schwindegg – part 1: sensor equipment In the coming years, bridge maintenance will be an essential task for infrastructure maintenance. Particularly for small and medium span bridges in the municipal road network, there are often no personnel available for structural inspection and maintenance. It will therefore be necessary in the future to develop concepts for semi‐automated bridge inspection. If information is available about the actions and resistances of the structures, the measured values contain important information about the condition of the structure. A concept for this could be digital twins. Intelligent maintenance management can be implemented on the basis of digital twins and the information they contain. Our two‐part article presents the concept of digital twins for medium span bridges. In the first part, the sensor equipment of a single span prestressed concrete frame bridge is presented for monitoring from a digital twin perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BIM pilot projects Hunte bridge and Grawiede bridge – experiences with the BIM tool in design process The design for the replacements of the Hunte bridge and the Grawiede bridge were selected as BIM pilot projects by the Lower Saxony State Authority for Road Construction and Traffic (NLStBV). While the Grawiede bridge crosses a country road with a total span of 9 m over the Grawiede, the Hunte bridge, with a total span of 441 m, crosses the Autobahn 29 over the Hunte east of Oldenburg. These two very contrasting buildings are presented in the following article and the experiences of the drafters with the BIM tool are described. Both bridges were modeled three‐dimensionally, the construction process was linked to the models and finally the quantities and cost calculations were carried out using the models. The modeling depth thus corresponded to 5D BIM simulation. The advantages and challenges that resulted from the planning of the new replacement buildings using the BIM method are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]