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Cabbage breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops is aimed at the development of cultivars and hybrids whose properties meet the demands of the food processing industry and green market, intensive food production and human population, and which are adapted to the local agroclimatic conditions. This paper presents the main characteristics of a cabbage cultivar released by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management of the Republic of Serbia in 2007. The cabbage cultivar Orion is primarily intended for fresh consumption in summer and pickling. The head is slightly flattened to oval-shaped, reddish white at cross section, with tender inner leaves, good taste and quality. The length of the growing season is 85-95 days (from transplanting to technological maturity). . Oplemenjivački rad na kupusu u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti i hibrida koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta, industrijske prerade, zelene pijace, zahteve intenzivne proizvodnje i ishrane ljudske populacije, a prilagođene su našem agroklimatskom području. U ovom radu date su glavne karakteristike sorte kupusa priznate od strane Ministarstva za poljoprivredu, šumarstvo i vodoprivredu republike Srbije u 2007. godini. Sorta kupusa Orion, spada u kupuse namenjene pre svega za svežu letnju potrošnju i kišeljenje. Glavica je blago spljošteno-ovalnog oblika, na preseku belo crvenkaste boje, nežnih unutrašnjih listova, dobrog ukusa i kvaliteta. Dužina vegetacije iznosi oko 85-95 dana (rasađivanje-tehnološka zrelost). .

Vegetables comprise a fairly large number of crop species differing phenotypically and genotypically as well as in how they are grown and used. The main task of vegetable production is increased production of quality vegetables. In this context, breeding is of special importance as the basis for the development of new and improved cultivars and hybrids. Breeding of vegetables has always had as its goal the development of cultivars with increased genetic potentials for yield for the purpose of increasing total vegetable production and the quality of human nutrition. In the last few decades, new techniques have been added to the list of traditional methods of breeding and developing new vegetable cultivars. The new methods of vegetable selection have focused on resolving the issues of early maturity, heterosis, inheritance of certain traits, resistance to diseases and pests, and so on. The vegetable cultivars developed at the Institute have been designed not only to have a high genetic potential for yield but also to be able to satisfy the requirements of the discerning vegetable market in terms of appearance and taste as well as to be well-adapted to the domestic agroecological conditions. The Institute's vegetable program has released on the domestic and foreign markets a range of cultivars intended for fresh use, processing and canning that can be successfully grown year round both indoors and outdoors. Povrće je skup većeg broja biljnih vrsta koje se međusobno razlikuju kako po fenotipu i genotipu tako i po načinu gajenja i korišćenja. Osnovni zadatak u proizvodnji povrća jeste povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća. Od posebnog značaja za takav vid povećanja proizvodnje jeste selekcija kao osnova stvaranja novih i boljih sorti i hibrida. Oplemenjivanje povrtarskih biljaka imalo je za cilj, u prošlosti i sadašnjosti, stvaranje soti većeg genetskog potencijala rodnosti, a za povećanje ukupne povrtarske proizvodnje, za bolju i kvalitetniju ljudsku ishranu. U poslednjih nekoliko decenija tradicionalni načini oplemenjivanja i stvaranja novih sorti prošireni su uvođenjem novih tehnika. Korišćenjem savremenih metoda oplemenjivanja kod povrtarskih biljaka rad je usmeren na rešavanja pitanja ranostasnosti, heterozisa, nasleđivanja pojedinih osobina, otpornosti prema bolestima i štetočinama, itd. Pored stvaranja sorti visokog genetičkog prinosa, vodilo se računa i o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zado- voljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća i da su prilagođene našim agroekološkim uslovima gajenja. Stvoren je određeni sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu, a može uspešno da se gaji tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju svežem, prerađenom i konzervisanom stanju.

In all of its work on vegetables thus far, the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has been keeping pace with the latest advancements in vegetable genetics and breeding using all the newest methods to make its work in this field easier, faster, safer and more successful. The Institute workers have been making sure that the vegetable cultivars they develop not only produce high yields but also that they meet the requirements of the highly discriminating vegetable market in their appearance and flavor as well as that they are adapted to our country agroecological conditions and economical in their consumption of all agricultural inputs. They have developed and released home and abroad a range of vegetable cultivars that make it possible to increase the production of high-quality vegetables and grow vegetable cultivars suitable for fresh use, processing and canning all year round outdoors as well as indoors. The range includes domestic and domesticated varietal populations as well as newly developed cultivars and hybrids. The Institute vegetable cultivars and specific recommendations for their successful production have been presented at the Seminar of Agronomists hosted by the Institute as well as at many other scientific and technical meetings. Tokom dosadašnjeg rada na genetici i oplemenjivanu povrća u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo praćen je napredak u toj oblasti i korišćene sve savremene metode radi olakšavanja, ubrzavanja i činjenja tog rada sigurnijim i uspešnijim. Sem o stvaranju sorata visokog prinosa vodilo se računa o tome da sorte svojim izgledom i ukusom zadovoljavaju zahteve probirljivog tržišta povrća, da su prilagođene našim agroklimatskim uslovima i ekonomične u potrošnji svih inputa u proizvodnju. Stvoren je sortiment povrća priznat u zemlji i inostranstvu koji daje mogućnost povećanje proizvodnje kvalitetnog povrća i gajenje tokom cele godine na otvorenom polju i u zaštićenom prostoru namenjen korišćenju u svežem, prerađenom ili konzervnom stanju. Ovaj sortiment čine domaće i odomaćene sortne populacije i novostvorene sorte i hibridi. Sorte i specifični saveti za njihovu uspešnu proizvodnju prezentovani su na Seminarima agronoma novosadskog Instituta i mnogobrojnim drugim naučnim i stručnim skupovima.

The parsley cultivars NS Molski and Aster were among the newly released vegetable cultivars registered by the Federal Commission for Variety Approval in 2003. They out yielded the standards in a series of long-term multilocation trials and have also performed well with regard to the rest of the traits tested in the trials. NS Molski is a medium late cultivar with a semi-erect rosette around 20 cm tall. The root is white and smooth and weighs about 150-160 g, on average. Root length is around 17 cm, while the neck and middle of the root have diameters of 5-6 and about 3 cm respectively. The root is beet-shaped and has around 6.2% of sucrose and about 18.6% of dry matter. The cultivar has a growing season of approximately 170 days and is intended for fresh consumption and industrial processing for dried use. Because of its characteristics, the roots of this cultivar are suitable for machine-lifting. Aster is a bean genotype with medium large grains of white color shaped as elliptical cylinders. It has determinate growth habit and a stem height of over 40 cm. Its tolerance to dominant bean diseases (bacterial, viral, anthracnose) during the growing season in the field is satisfactory. Aster forms its first pods at a height of around 20 cm, matures uniformly, has high resistance to pod cracking and is suitable for two-phased machine-harvesting. It has a highly delicious taste, meaning it has retained the outstanding flavor of the domestic population it originated from while improving other characteristics necessary for modern intensive bean production. We think that these newly released cultivars of parsley and bean with their good yields and outstanding taste will find a place in commercial agricultural production. Oplemenjivanje povrća u Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta i poljoprivredne proizvodnje prilagođene našem agroklimatskom području. Zahvaljujući dugogodišnjem oplemenjivačkom radu i bogatom genetskom materijalu povrća u Institutu stvorene se sorte koje u potpunosti zadovoljavaju sve ove zahteve. U ovom radu su iznesene glavne karakteristike sorti povrtarskog bilja priznatih od strane Savezne komisije u 2003. godini i to peršun NS Molski i pasulj Aster.

Pepper is one of the leading vegetable crops both in terms of the acreage sown and the range of uses. It gives high returns per unit area regardless of whether it is grown for seed or consumption. In view of the conditions and requirements of pepper production, consumption and processing, breeding is focused on the development of high-yielding varieties of a certain type, color and shape that are suitable for particular methods of growing and utilization. Breeding work carried out at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad has produced the following pepper varieties: bell pepper (Novosadska Bela Babura, Buketna 1, Atina, Anita and Vranjska), semi-bell pepper (Matica), tomato pepper (Novosađanka), elongated pepper (Una), and longum pepper (Krunica (sweet), Plamena (slightly hot)). A new elongated variety called Amfora was released in 2001, too. In a three-year study, it proved superior in terms of its morphological characteristics and had a 32% higher average yield of the physiologically mature fruit than the standard. The results achieved by this variety provide a realistic basis for its successful commercial growing. Paprika spada u vodeće povrtarske kulture. U Jugoslaviji se gaji na oko 25.000 ha. Specifičnosti vrste a i zahtevi tržišta sa jedne strane i klimatski uslovi sa druge strane, određuju rad na oplemenjivanju paprike. Imajući to u vidu proizilaze i pravci u selekciji i to: stvaranje pre svega sorti u tipu babure, kapije, turšijare, paradajz-paprike, šipke, feferone, žute, bele ili zelene boje ploda u tehnološkoj zrelosti, za proizvodnju u poljskim uslovima i zaštićenom prostoru a za različite vidove upotrebe.U oplemenjivanju se posebno obraća pažnja na stvaranje sorti dobrog kvaliteta ploda i to kako kvantitativnih tako i kvalitativnih osobina. U ovom radu date su glavne karakteristike novostvorene sorte paprike, amfora, priznate od strane savezne komisije u 2001. godini.

In the year 2000, the Federal Variety Commission registered seven new vegetable cultivars developed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops: two pepper varieties - Krušnica (sweet pepper) and Plamena (slightly hot); the determinate tomato variety Knjaz; the salad-type cucumber Tajfun; two cultivars of garlic - Bosut and Labud; and the white bean cultivar Balkan. All these newly released cultivars have significantly outyielded the standard cultivars in trials lasting three years. They have also outperformed the standards with regard to the other morphological characteristics, such as fruit mass, fruit length, pericarp thickness, grain mass, dry matter content, bulb mass, clove mass, and others. Oplemenjivanje povrća u Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo ima za cilj stvaranje sorti koje po svojim osobinama zadovoljavaju zahteve tržišta, industrijske prerade, zelene pijace, zahteve intenzivne proizvodnje i ishrane ljudske populacije. Zahvaljujući dugogodišnjem oplemenjivačkom radu i bogatom genetskom materijalu povrća u Institutu, stvorene su sorte koje u potpunosti zadovoljavaju sve ove zahteve. U ovom radu su iznesene glavne karakteristike sorti povrća priznatih od strane Savezne komisije u 2000 godini. To su paprike: Krušnica i Plamena; paradajza: Knjaz; beli luk: Bosut i Labud; krastavca: Tajfun te pasulj: Balkan.

Yield level is not the sole consideration when deciding which bean variety to grow. The general appearance of bean grain is an important factor, which affects the demand for a particular bean variety. Preferences are determined by dietary customs of the population. While most bean varieties selected before 1980 in Yugoslavia have white grains, farmers still grow popular domestic populations, which they multiply by themselves. When the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops embarked on a program of bean breeding, a decision was made to try and meet the specific market demands. Emphasis was placed on the development of high-yielding varieties, suitable for growing in pure stand and for machine harvesting, but these varieties were also expected to have grain characteristics similar to those of the traditional bean populations. Two varieties with colored grains have been released so far. Zlatko, a medium late variety (on the national varietal list since 1994) has large, cylindrical, golden-yellow grains, which retain shape during cooking. Sremac (released in 1999) is an early variety with greenish grains. White-grained varieties are developed by carefully selecting heterogeneous population over several generations. The first variety to be released (1997), Dvadesetica, is early and high-yielding, with semi-planate, medium large grains (1000/grain mass is about 400 g). The variety Maksa has white, medium large grains, the variety Seiko has small, rounded grains. These varieties were entered on the national varietal list in 1998. Variety Balkan has rounded grains (1000/grain mass is more from 330 g). Balkan released in 2000. U Naučnom institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, počevši od 1981, najobimniji je bio rad na stvaranju visokoprinosnih sorti, pogodnih za gajenje u čistom usevu i mehanizovanu žetvu, koje bi imale osobine zrna starih, tradicionalnih populacija pasulja. Do sada su priznate dve sorte pasulja obojenog zrna: srednje-kasna sorta Zlatko (1994) krupnog, valjkastog zrna zlatnožute boje, i Sremac (1999), rana sorta u tipu kulaša. Od pasulja bele semenjače stvoreni su: Dvadesetica (1997) polu-pljosnatog zrna, masa 1000 zrna oko 400g, ranostasna. Maksa (J 998), zrna srednje krupnoće; Belko (1998), sitnijeg zrna okruglastog oblika i Balkan (2000), okruglasto belog zrna, mase 1000 zrna preko 340 g. .