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Inadequate breast milk production is the most common inhibiting factor causing the cessation of exclusive breastfeeding practices an effort to increase the rate of secretion and production of breast milk is through the use of traditional herbal medicines such as decoction and extraction of katuk leaf (Sauropus androgynus). Katuk leaf extract (Sauropus androgynus) has been known to have a variety of pharmacological activities. This paper aims to review the botany, phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, and pharmacological activities of S. androgynus, and discuss the known chemical constituents at work in S. androgynus-induced prolactin level to increasing breast milk human. The data presented in this review were collected from published literatures as well as the electronic databases of PubMed, CNKI, Web of Science, SCI finder, ACS, Science Direct, Wiley, Springer, Taylor, Google Scholar, and a number of unpublished resources, (ex: books, and Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations). Searching for research articles in several databases using certain keywords breast milk human and katuk (Sauropus Androgynus) leaf literature. All abstracts retrieved were screened for inclusion. All types of articles, including case series and case reports, were included due to the lack of herbal katuk leaf clinical trials. Exclusion criteria consisted of non-English and nonhuman articles. In conclusion, there was a significant effect of katuk leaf consumption towards increasing breastmilk production volume.

Objective To examine the differences in women’s perceptions of hospital-based breastfeeding care and the association of these perceptions with exclusive breastfeeding. Design Observational, mixed-methods study. Setting/Local Problem A 932-bed, Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative–designated, university hospital with approximately 2,000 births per year, where 50% of women who wanted to breastfeed were supplementing with formula before hospital discharge. Participants Thirty-four women who gave birth to a term, singleton newborn and had a desire to breastfeed exclusively. Measurements Women’s perceptions were assessed using a modified version of the Questionnaire for the Breastfeeding Mother. Results Women’s perceptions of breastfeeding care were positively associated with exclusive breastfeeding (p = .049). In addition, the influence of how a woman’s own mother fed her as an infant was shown, because women who themselves were breastfed as infants were more likely to exclusively breastfeed their own newborns. Content analysis showed that women appreciated the care received in the hospital from lactation consultants and access to a hospital-administered breastfeeding clinic after discharge. Conclusion Creating a hospital environment supportive of breastfeeding could yield positive breastfeeding outcomes for women and newborns.

Background: WHO recommended that mother breastfeeds exclusively for the fisrt six months. However, a lot of mothers do not realize it. Generally, the anxiety on milk production, the family and occupation commitment, waking up at night and perceiving uncomfortable breastfeeding in public place become the objectives of this study that is for reviewing evidence related the impact of breast pum usage on breastfeeding mother. Method: According to ArskeyO’Malley include (1)Identifying scoping review questions are conducting review focus with PICO framework (2)Identifying relevant article (3)Selecting article (4)Data Charting and (5)Arranging, summing up and reporting findings. Results: The theme of scoping review is the impact of breastfeeding success, the negative outcome of breast pump, and the factors which influence decision for mother’s milk pumping as well supporting for breast pump. Conclusion: the impact of breast pump usage affects breastfeeding duration and mother’s milk production as well as painful breast.

Background: Massage or stimulation of the spine, neurotransmitters will stimulate the medulla oblongata to directly send messages to the hypothalamus in the hypophyseposteriorly to release oxytocin, causing the breasts to release milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage on milk production in breastfeeding mothers in the Banda Sakti Public Health Center, Banda Sakti District, Lhokeseumawe City. Metods: The study design was an analytical study using a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all breastfeeding mothers who were in the Banda Sakti Public Health Center Lhokseumawe totaling 40 breastfeeding mothers. The sampling method in this study is to use the total population. Where the sample of this research is the entire population, amounting to 40 respondents. The trials in this study were conducted in Hagu Teungoh Village, Banda Sakti District, Lhokseumawe City with a total of 10 respondents, 30 questions with a product moment r value of 0,70. Result: The results showed that of the 28 breastfeeding mothers who did oxytocin massage, the majority of their milk production was smooth, namely 17 people (60,7%), while of the 12 breastfeeding mothers who did not oxytocin massage the majority of their milk production was not smooth, namely 9 people (75%). Recommendation: It is hoped that it can increase respondents’ knowledge in an effort to increase milk production and can inform the impact of the failure of the breastfeeding process.

AIM: This study aims to identify implementation of hypnobreastfeeding therapy as an effort to reduce the incidence of underweight on children aged 0–6 months. METHODS: This study is a pre-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. Subjects were children aged 0–6 months who are underweight. The intervention was conducted over 2 months. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis using frequency distribution table and bivariate using McNemar test. RESULTS: Before the education through hypnobreastfeeding therapy, only 33.3% of women having a good attitude about exclusive breastfeeding to children. After the intervention for 2 months, the percentage of good attitude increase as many as 73.3% and the mother is encouraged to continue to breastfeed the child obtained that a total of 18 children (60%) of the total 30 children aged 0–6 months are underweight, which has been entered into the category of normal nutritional status. A difference in the attitude of breastfeeding and status of underweight children aged 0–6 months before and after implementation of hypnobreastfeeding therapy (p < 0.000). CONCLUSION: There are differences in the attitude of the breastfeeding mother (p = 0.012) and underweight status of children aged 0–6 months (p = 0.000) before and after the implementation of hypnobreastfeeding therapy.

Breastfeeding rates in the United States continue to be variable and are not meeting benchmarks established by Healthy People 2020. The literature indicates that although breastfeeding knowledge of providers is paramount in the success of breastfeeding mothers, most receive minimal education regarding breastfeeding management. Recognizing a lack of opportunities for nursing students to practice breastfeeding management during clinical rotations, a breastfeeding simulation program was implemented for students prior to beginning Maternal Child Health clinicals. Students reported increased confidence in caring for breastfeeding dyads and enhanced comfort when providing care to a breastfeeding mother (breastfeeding self-efficacy). This hands-on educational approach can be utilized for any provider working with breastfeeding dyads.

Prolactin is one of the important hormones for increasing the synthesis and secretion of breast milk. Katuk (Sauropus androgunus (L) Merr) leaf biscuits are standardized and practical processed food products that are substituted with katuk leaf extract and have met the requirements as additional food for breastfeeding mothers. In addition to nutritional content, katuk leaf biscuits also contain phytochemical compounds, namely steroids and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of katuk leaf biscuits on increasing serum prolactin levels of breastfeeding mothers. This research was conducted in the city of Bandung. The design used was a randomized controlled trial. The sample was 45 primiparous postpartum mothers who gave birth at the public health center for Obstetrics and Neonatal Basic Emergency Services (Puskesmas PONED) in Bandung City, consisting of 22 treatment groups and 23 control groups. Sampling is conducted by block randomization. Data were analyzed using the Independent T-test. The results showed that there was an effect of katuk leaf biscuits on increasing serum prolactin levels in breastfeeding mothers. It is suggested that katuk leaf biscuits be used as an alternative as an effort to increase breast milk production so that it can support the success of exclusive breastfeeding.

Breast milk (breast milk) has been known for many benefits, but breastfeeding is still a problem. The purpose of this study was to identify social support and motivation in breastfeeding. The design of this study is descriptive analysis using cross sectional or cross sectional approach. Sampling technique with non probability sampling with the type of purposive sampling with a sample of 43 respondents. The results showed there was a relationship of social support with the mother's motivation in giving breast milk to LBW (p

Preliminary; Nowdays, We can meet some breastfeeding mother who doesnt”t give her breast milk for her baby. It related with the preliminary study in the Kerta Timur village, Dasuk Subdistrict, Sumenep District, it is known that breastfeeding mothers who have visited during childbirth complained that they could not give their breast milk because their breast milk did not come out at all. Purpose; Analyze the Relationship of Breastfeeding mother Anxiety Mothers with the swiftness of Breast Milk (ASI). Method; This research is included as analytic research which using correlation analytic. Design In this study using the HARS Questionnaire and checklist which analyzed using the Spearman Test with 0.05 significance level. Results; Based on the Spearman correlation test, the value of ρ-value = 0,000 means that there is a relation between the anxiety of breastfeeding mothers and the swiftness of breastfeeding in BPS Kerta Timur, Dasuk District, Sumenep Regency. Conclusion; Most of breastfeeding mothers fell anxiety and more than half of breastfeeding mothers get non-expending in breast milk. There is a relationship between breastfeeding mothers anxiety with the swiftness of breast milk.

Dear Editor, Shively et al. reported a case of amatoxin exposure involved in a breastfeeding mother [1]. It is the first and unique case of amatoxin-exposed breast milk chemical analysis. The toxic...

Clothes and under-wears have always been a fundamental issue for women throughout history; as they consider them to be an important element that expresses their personality and femininity. The main function of female under-wears; specifically bras; is to provide clothes with an aesthetical appearance, as they can effectively conceal some of the body flaws and positively re-shape it according to its different physical states; especially during the breastfeeding phase. Many breastfeeding mothers face the problem of inappropriate bras; this problem has many reasons including the inability to decide the right bra size because of the breast flabbiness caused by breastfeeding, also; in many cases; when mothers spend a lot of time working outside their homes, some of the milky liquid might leak through their bras and wet their clothes; which is very embarrassing; also; the mother often faces a constraining problem when feeding her baby, as she tries to hold it with one arm and feed it with the other, in addition to the annoying issue of putting her breast back inside the bra properly to maintain her decent feminine appearance. Problem of research can be defined in the following questions: - What are the bra types suitable for breastfeeding mothers, especially during their working hours or while spending a lot of time outside the house? - What are the appropriate bra designs that allow the mother to breastfeed her baby while outside the house? - How can the breastfeeding mother determines her right bra size; especially its cup? - Is it possible to make some alterations in the bra design to facilitate breastfeeding outside the house, and also to absorb the leaking milky liquid to stop it from wetting cloths and embarrass the mother? Objectives - Identifying the bra types suitable for breastfeeding mothers. - Providing a proposed method that helps the breastfeeding mother; who suffers from the changing size or flabbiness of her breast; to determine her right bra size, especially its cup. - Conduct some alterations in the bra design to facilitate breastfeeding outside the house and absorb the excess milky liquid. methodology: The research follows the analytical descriptive method to study the different types of bras; and the experimental method to propose a method that helps breastfeeding mothers; who suffers from breast size-changing and flabbiness; determine the right bra size for them; especially its cup; by creating bra designs with alterations and additional that facilitate breastfeeding outside the house and absorb the excess milky liquid. Conclusions: - The guidebook prepared by the researcher; to demonstrate the different types of bras suitable for breastfeeding mothers and how to determine the right size and choose the best design; has proven to be effective and has achieved its objectives. - The proposed design solutions for breastfeeding outside the house and to absorb the excess milky liquid; have proven to be efficient and practical in solving a consistent problem that faces the working mothers and those who spend a lot of time outside the house; by maintaining their feminine appearance without the need to give-up their babies’ natural feeding method

Insufficiency of fulfillment ASI as the main reason a mother to stop breastfeeding early, she felt ASI owned did not affect the growth of the baby's weight (Binns, 2002). So to help smooth expenditure done with the breast milk of Moringa leaf extract and acupressure on CanCung point (CV 17). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of moringa leaf extract and cancung point massage to increase breast milk volume in breastfeeding mothers. The design of this research is pretest and posttest group design. The population of this research is breastfeeding mother in Sanan Wetan area. The population is 20 people. The sample of this research is breastfeeding mother in Sanan Wetan area as many as 20 people. Sampling in this research use purposive sampling. The treatment in this study using Moringa leaf extract at a dose of 800 mg and a massage at the point cancung. Treatment was done 2x in a day for 1 month.The results showed an increase in points between before and after is 375 points, and there is influence between the consumption of Moringa leaves and massaging at point cancung to the increase in volume of breast milk with p = 0.000. Health workers, especially midwives in order to consider complementary therapies that Moringa leaf extract and massaging at point cancung to increase the volume of milk so that achievement can be increased breastfeeding mothers. Keywords : Moringa leaf extract, cancung point, breast milk, breastfeeding mother

© 2016 Elsevier Ltd In this article, my general aim is to give place to the experiences of breastfeeding distress which emerged during narrative research with mothers in Australia. I suggest that breastfeeding distress must be read not only in terms of the specific socio-spatial landscape through which it takes hold but also in terms of the lived and often non-compliant landscape of the body itself. Informed by accounts of the dominant context of idealized or exclusive motherhood in nations such as Australia, the UK and USA, and drawing on conceptual work concerned with connecting the cultural and corporeal through thinking about place, I explore two instances of breastfeeding distress: pain and inauthenticity. In both of these contexts women battle with the shameful fallout of being unable to perform what Rebecca Kukla describes as ‘proximate mothering’ exemplified in the figure of the breastfeeding mother exclusively able to latch her baby directly to her breasts. As I discuss, women's experiences of extreme pain during breastfeeding and their use of alternative ‘inauthentic’ modes of feeding (such as bottled pumped breastmilk or formula) shatter their expectations of living the ideal of extended maternal embodiment. Also emerging through these distressing experiences, however, is a potentially resilient awareness of the inherently misshapen nature of motherhood which always overflows its idealized state.

A central goal of The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols, free from commercial interest or influence, for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.

Working mom's busyness affects the physical and psychological condition of the mother inhibiting the smoothness of milk production. The application of hypnobreastfeeding makes the mother relaxation so as to increase the hormone prolactin and oxytocin for smooth milk production. The procedure of hypnobreastfeeding by giving a positive suggestion/affirmation sentence in the mother's unconscious mind can increase the mother's confidence in the breastfeeding process. The purpose of this study was to explain the effect of hypnobreastfeeding on breast milk production on breastfeeding working mothers. This study used one group pretest posttest design. 25 breastfeeding working mothers were taken by consecutive samping. Hypnobreastfeeding is done independently after being given 1x workshop and performed every day at least 2x a day before breastfeeding. Breastmilk production is measured for 7 days before and after hypnobreastfeeding using a measuring cup based on the volume of dairy milk in a day. The average milk production before treatment 210 ml / day and after treatment to 255 ml / day. Data analysis using paired t-test with significant value α = 0,05 got p value = 0.000 indicating hypnobreastfeeding effect to milk production in working breastfeeding mother. Nurses or other health workers may recommend hypnobreastfeeding as one of the lactation management methods to increase breastfeeding production, especially in working breastfeeding mothers.

Exclusive breastfeeding until 6 month is very important for baby. The proportion of mothers who exclusively breastfeed their babies up to 6 months remains low. Factors influencing the exclusive breastfeeding namely sociodemograph factors , factors pre / post delivery , and psychosocial factors. This aims of this study to identify determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding on mother. This research method is a systematic review , by analyzing the various studies on exclusive breastfeeding. There are 17 studies. The results obtained occupational factors most studied with significant results ( median OR = 1.265 ). Psychosocial factors that have significant relationship is support of her husband (average OR = 4.716 ) and family support ( average OR = 1.770 ). Conclusions : factors influencing the exclusive breastfeeding is occupational factor. Socialization and support from people nearby, health workers, and all parties is needed for exclusive breastfeeding for six months can be achieved.

Breast milk (ASI) is the best natural nutrition for babies because it contains energy and substances needed during the first six months of a baby's life. However, there are times when a mother experiences problems in breastfeeding, the main obstacle is that milk production is not smooth (Saleha, 2013). Data obtained from the Lhoong Health Center in Aceh Besar District, in 2017 the target of exclusive breastfeeding was 277 people, and only 135 people gave exclusive breastfeeding (48.7%). While the number of breastfeeding mothers (infants aged 0-6 months) in the January-November 2018 period was 161 people, 92 people (57.1%) experienced fluency (57.1%), and 69 people (42.8%) were not fluent.The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers in the Work Area of Lhoong Health Center, Aceh Besar District. This research is analytic with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers of all breastfeeding infants aged 1-6 months, totaling 150 people. The sampling technique is done by simple random sampling with the number of samples obtained is 60 people. Data collection was carried out on 2-29 April 2019. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance limit of 95% (P:S0.05).The results showed there was a relationship of knowledge with the smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers where P-value=0.001, there was an association of IMD with the smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers where P-value=0.029, there was a correlation between frequency of breastfeeding and smoothness of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers where P-value=0.005, and there is a relationship between breast care and the smoothness of breast milk in nursing mothers where P-value=0.030. It is expected that health workers can be able to carry out counseling activities about the smoothness of breast milk and also the cause of non-smooth milk so that if breast milk is smooth, the milk needs for infants can be met.

Morbidly placenta accreta as a cause of postpartum morbidity is increasing in incidence. One conservative option is use of methotrexate as an adjuvant therapy for the management of placenta accreta. There is concern that use of methotrexate in a lactating mother could potentially expose her neonate to harmful effects of this medication.Here we report a 29-year-old woman subjected to methotrexate treatment for placenta accreta. Her child was delivered at 32 weeks weighing 3 lbs. On postpartum day 5, this patient was diagnosed with placenta accreta and treated with intramuscular methotrexate for 3 consecutive days. She received 92 mg methotrexate intramuscularly daily, and was advised not to breastfeed. She collected milk samples on day 2, the 0 hour before the second dose and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 hours after taking the dose. A high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method was developed to measure methotrexate and its metabolite 7-hydroxymethotrexate levels in milk samples.Very low levels were found for both methotrexate and 7-hydroxymethotrexate in the milk samples obtained. The results indicate that methotrexate or its metabolite receded to minimum concentration over a period of 24 hours.This case report found the relative infant dose of methotrexate to be 0.11%. Methotrexate does transfer into breast milk, although the levels detected were very low. However, caution should still be used in counseling mothers regarding breastfeeding with this toxic drug.

Very few drugs are licensed for use by breastfeeding mothers. This does not, in itself, imply risk. There are expert sources which provide information on studies and pharmacokinetics which allow clinicians to make an assessment of the amount of drug passing through milk to the baby and any potential risks. The passage of drugs into breastmilk is governed by several factors: the oral bioavailability of a drug and the half-life of the drug. Research has shown that more drugs are prescribed for breastfeeding mothers in the immediate postpartum period than at any other time. The bioavailability is defined as the fraction of the dose which reaches the systemic circulation intact. The lower the oral bioavailability, the safer the drug is for a breastfeeding mother to take. The extent to which a drug is bound to plasma proteins in the maternal bloodstream influences the amount that is available to pass into milk.

Joffe and colleagues discuss the environmental benefits of breastfeeding over formula milk.1 As a doctor and recent breastfeeding mother, I would like to emphasise that breastfeeding is not an automatic bodily function, nor is it free or resource neutral. I was unable to breastfeed exclusively, …

Inadequatemilksupplyduringthefirstfewdays’after delivery become concern from most of the women. Indonesia Health Research and Development Agency in 2010 stated that the failure of exclusive breastfeeding commonly caused by insufficient milk production. The intervention of SPEOS (EndorphinStimulation, Oxytocin Massage, and Suggestive Technique) methods are offered to post-partum mothers in increasing breast milk supply. This study aimed to identify the influence of SPEOS on breast milk supply among post-partum mothers at Primary Health Care in Cimahi Tengah Indonesia. Quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent control group design was conducted. A total of 20 postpartum mothers were involved in this studyby using accidental sampling technique. The data were taken from March to April 2018 through observation on the amount of breast milk by pumping in two times observation including before and after the SPEOS method applied. The data were analyzed by t-independent test. Ethical approval was obtained from Health Research and Ethics Committee of Institute of Health Science Jenderal Achmad Yani Cimahi No. 005/KEPK/II/2018. The result shows that the intervention group produces more breast milkasmuchas3,74cconthethirddaysoftheexperimentthanthecontrolgroup(2,04 cc).Bivariateanalysisshowspvalue0,001.Therefore,SPEOS methods gives significant influences on breast milk supply among post partum mothers. Conclusions SPEOS methods are effective in increasing low breast milk supply amongpost-partummothers.

Background: MotherSafe is a free telephone-based counseling service for Australian consumers and health care providers concerned about drug exposures during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Calls relating to breastfeeding are relatively common and a source of significant distress to the breastfeeding mother, particularly if there is a lack of clarity regarding possible adverse effects of drug exposure on the infant. This study seeks to identify the medication exposures of concern for breastfeeding mothers and the information available to address these concerns. Aims: To review calls to MotherSafe about breastfeeding drug exposures during the 19-year period from 2000 to 2018 and to highlight drugs of concern and counseling issues. Materials and Methods: A retrospective descriptive assessment of a prospectively collected Access database was undertaken. Phone counseling records identified the medication (and other) exposures of concern regarding breastfeeding. The information about medication exposures via breastfeeding provided in consumer and product information (PI) was also reviewed. Results: Of a total of 315,158 calls received at MotherSafe between 2000 and 2018, 116,876 (37.1%) were regarding drug exposure via breastfeeding; 30% of these calls related to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, antidepressants, simple analgesics, and antibiotics, and 5% were regarding an exposure specifically contraindicated when breastfeeding. Conclusions: Queries about medication exposures via breastfeeding represent a significant proportion of all the counseling calls to MotherSafe. This study demonstrates the inconsistent and often misleading information about breastfeeding exposures found in consumer and PI sheets and online and highlights the important role of Teratogen Information Services like MotherSafe in providing evidence-based information to both consumers and health care providers.

Exclusive breastfeeding is crucial in the early newborn nutrition fulfillment with many benefits such as preventing mental and behavioral disorders, supporting brain development and intelligence, and providing more than 100 enzymes. In this study, we develop a knowledge-based model which can assist exclusive breastfeeding mother against clinical finding found during the first six months period. The model takes the information of experienced symptoms/conditions (in both the mother and the newborn), gives the calculation of certain clinical finding’s risk factor based on Certainty Factor (CF) given, and gives recommendation of follow up to the user. Therefore, the newborn's mother can monitor their health condition and use this model as a precaution to get health assistance as soon as possible through health service providers in her surroundings. The knowledge base and its CF are built from domain experts knowledge acquisition and Indonesian related health literature. The model is evaluated based on 25 different random trials against experts’ assessment. The precision from this evaluation reaches 88% by taking given symptom/condition only, which shows that the developed model performs very well in detecting clinical finding through CF-based risk factor calculation. However, in the end of this paper we also point out the way to increase higher precision to close to perfection by drilling the information of symptom/condition given.

Background: Experience in breastfeeding mothers is not to be forgotten, because almost all mothers expect the best for optimal breastfeeding. Midwifery care is given when the mother has trouble breastfeeding mother has not come out to be an experience in the sustainability of successful breastfeeding. Researchers interested in taking research in Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Surabaya because it includes the Puskesmas PONED (Services Obstetrics Neonatal Basic Emergency) which figure birth rates are higher among eight health centers PONED more and Puskesmas Soil times Kedinding for coverage breastfeeding is still below the target of East Java province by 75% and the national target of 80%, ie 54.95%. Objective: To explore the experience and expectations of Midwifery Care Psychosocial mother during childbirth facing breast milk has not come out in 0-3 days postnatal in Puskesmas Tanah Kali Kedinding Methods: This type of research is qualitative research-phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Subjects were postpartum mothers who nifasnya over 3 days and a maximum of two weeks after delivery. Samples were selected by purposive sampling. Analysis of data using analysis steps Collaizi. The results: taste experience physical complaints and psychological complaints when breast milk has not come out 0-3 days postnatal, tackling complaints, the response of the family when breast milk has not come out, the experience of midwifery care physically and psychologically when breastfeeding yet out 0-3 days postnatal, psychosocial expectations midwifery care in the face of breast milk has not come out of postnatal day 0-3. Conclusion: Psychosocial Midwifery care is given when the mother has trouble breastfeeding mother has not come out to be an experience in the sustainability of successful breastfeeding. Suggestion: standard practice of midwifery care psychosocial facing breast milk has not come out 0-3 days postnatal applied by a competent person.

The anticancer potential by breastfeeding is not fully tapped in the light of the present knowledge of the subject. Literature indicates that breastmilk has anticancer action but may underestimate its full capacity. The protective spectrum within breastmilk hints on the need for a more comprehensive understanding of it as an anticancer tool. Exclusive breastfeeding could confer protection from carcinogenesis with a greater impact than realised. A literature review was conducted using four electronic databases. Selected areas were extracted after thorough perusal of the articles. The uninitiated would take exclusive breastfeeding seriously if actively counselled as an anticancer tool. Advice on details of the breastfeeding process and holistic information on breastfeeding may endow a greater impact among the skeptics. Counselling the breastfeeding mother on information sometimes not imparted, such as on maternal nutrition, details of the process of breastfeeding, benefits of direct breastfeeding versus milk expression and her psychosocial well being may make a difference in optimising anticancer action that exists in breastmilk. Additionally, its anticancer potential provides a platform to universally improve physical and psychosocial well being of women who breastfeed. Statistics of protection by breastfeeding in some maternal and childhood cancers are evident. “Bio-geno-immuno-nutrition” of breastmilk may shield the mother and infant from carcinogenesis in more ways than appreciated. The molecular basis of mother-to-infant signals and their “energies” need to be researched. Breastfeeding as a modifiable behaviour provides cost effective nutrition with potential for both cancer immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.

The rate of exclusive breastfeeding that is not in accordance with the national target is influenced by several factors. Factors that influence the process of breastfeeding can come from within the mother and from outside. This research was conducted with the aim to identify the characteristics of breastfeeding mothers in the Exclusive Pumping Mama Indonesia Group. This research uses descriptive method with survey approach. The population in this study is breastfeeding mothers who are members of the Exclusive Pumping Mama Indonesia Group. Sampling was done by purposive sampling technique by adjusting the inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been set by 49 respondents. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires containing the characteristics of respondents. Analysis of the data used is univariate analysis by looking at the frequency distribution of the percentages of each sub-variable characteristic of nursing mothers. The results showed that of the 49 respondents involved mostly aged 20-35 years, namely 87.5%, had a high level of education (D3 / S1) of 85.4%, 79.2% of working mothers and primiparous mothers which is as much as 68.8%. BAHASA INDONESIA Angka pemberian ASI Eksklusif tidak mencapai target nasional. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi proses menyusui, yaitu faktor internal dan eksternal ibu. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik ibu menyusui di Group Exclusive Pumping Mama Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan survei. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu menyusui yang tergabung dalam Group Exclusive Pumping Mama Indonesia. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling sejumlah 49 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner yang berisi karakteristik responden ibu menyusui. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat yaitu dengan melihat distribusi frekuensi persentase dari masing-masing subvariabel karakteristik ibu menyusui. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 49 responden yang terlibat sebagian besar berusia 20-35 tahun yaitu 87,5%, memiliki tingkat pendidikan tinggi (D3/S1) yaitu sebanyak 85,4 %, ibu berstatus bekerja sebanyak 79,2% dan merupakan ibu primipara yaitu sebanyak 68,8%. Direkomendasikan desain penelitian cross-sectional untuk penelitian selanjutnya agar dapat mengindentifikasi lebih jauh hubungan antar subvariabel karakteristik ibu menyusui dalam kaitannya dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

Maternal and child health is one of the priority aspects to consider. Based on the results of the 2012 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), it was shown that the neonates mortality rate in 2012 was 19 per 1000 live births. This problem arises in part related to the problem of breastfeeding. The results of the screening for the nutritional status of toddlers at the posyandu showed that as many as 11 toddlers were malnourished, this was due to the low knowledge of mothers regarding the balanced nutrition of toddlers, poor attitudes in fulfilling balanced nutrition for toddlers, and poor culture in fulfilling toddler nutrition. The main target of this program is assistance for the formation and training of Breastfeeding Mothers' Groups in an effort to improve the health status of mothers, babies and toddlers in Penyengat Olak Village, Kec. Jambi Outside the City. The output of this program is there is an increase in community participation in improving the health of mothers and children by assisting the formation of groups of breastfeeding mothers. The implementation of the activity was started with an observation of the breastfeeding mothers research group in several Penyengat Olak village which consisted of 3 breastfeeding mothers' groups, namely in the RT. 18, RT 19, and RT 20. Each group consists of 10 people consisting of pregnant women and nursing mothers. It is hoped that the continuity of breastfeeding mother's breastfeeding program can be maintained, even though there are many factors raised by members, such as being busy taking care of the house and children, inappropriate meeting times, long distances, and so on.

Well-being is something that everyone, especially breastfeeding mothers, wants to achieve. Well-being is needed by postpartum mothers to play a new role optimally in the lactation process. The individual experience of breastfeeding is influenced by knowledge, positive affect and a lot of confidence in the breastfeeding process to achieve well-being during the postpartum psychological adaptation process. This study aims to describe the well-being of breastfeeding mothers. Literature review regarding the well-being of breastfeeding mothers using databases from ProQuest, ScienceDirect, JSTOR, and Scopus obtained from 2008-2020 with a total of 10 articles. Synthesis analysis reveals seven aspects that affect the well-being of postpartum mothers in the breastfeeding process, such as 1) family support, 2) self-efficacy, 3) initiation in the first time breastfeeding. 4) positive mood, 5) awareness of self-acceptance, 6) negative obstetric experience, 7) knowledge. Postpartum mothers can improve well-being through the management of factors that influence postpartum psychological adaptation as a positive preventive effort in increasing the ability of the lactation process to prevent ineffective breastfeeding.

Breast milk is the first, main, and best food for babies, which is scientific. Breast milk contains various nutrients needed in the process of growth and development of babies. Breast milk production can also be increased by hypnobreasfeeding relaxation. Hypnobreasfeeding helps mothers to relax their bodies, and a great way to encourage mindsets in their babies. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of hypnobreasfeeding on increasing ASI production at pakisaji sub-district Malang district. The population is 25 respondents and the sampling technique used is total sampling with One group pre-post test design. Analysis of the data with the T-test using SPSS for Windows obtained Sig = 0,000, so 0,000

Profile of Indonesian health in 2013 showed that the percentage of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months is about 61.5%. The low level scope exclusively breastfeeding can not be separated from some factors affecting and one of them is a mother motivation to give exclusively breastfeeding to their baby. The other factors affecting breastfeeding are the socio-culture economy (formal education mother, family income and status working mother). The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusive breastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months in BPS Ummi Latifah. This study was an observational analytic with a cross sectional design. Total population are 94 breastfeeding mother. Samples was obtained by accidental sampling techniques which consisted of 48 respondents. Analysis test used kendall-tau (τ). The results showed that the relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusivebreastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months was 0.339 with p=0.007 and coeffi cients contingency 0.662. In conclusion, there was a strong relationship between economic level and mother motivation towards exclusive breastfeeding provision in infants aged 0-6 months in BPS Ummi Latifah.

This chapter focuses on the lives of women and their babies in the intimate reciprocity of breastfeeding. It explores relationships between the breastfeeding mother and her child through the 24 hours, and the seasonal variations—linked with agricultural work and the harvest, or with arid and rainy seasons, for example—that exist in some societies. There are many aspects of breastfeeding that need to be explored further. Most important of these is the meaning that breastfeeding has for mothers in each society and each culture within a society. In breastfeeding, as in the conduct of childbirth, the tyranny of clock-watching has intruded on the spontaneous physiological rhythms. Breastfeeding avoidance is frequently part of a system of values that stresses the conjugal relationship at the expense of the mother–baby relationship, and that puts priority on the sexual privileges of men, and the use of a woman to display men's status and wealth.

Exclusive breastfeeding or more properly called exclusive breastfeeding. The reality in the field shows the production and ejection of breast milk is a bit of a constraint in breastfeeding. One solution to overcome the insufficiency of breast milk production is through techniques acupressure points for lactation. This study aimed to determine the effect of mother's milk production with acupressure point for lactation intervention in the work area of Muaro Paiti sub-district Kapur IX Lima Puluh Kota Regency 2018. A quasi-experimental design with control group pretest-posttest design. The study was conducted in the working area of Muaro Paiti Community Health Center in April 2018. The population was breastfeeding mother in the work area of Muaro Paiti health center which was 118 people, with purposive sampling of 16 people. Processing and data analysis is done computerized. Univariate results revealed the average production of breast milk before acupressure point for lactation intervention in breastfeeding mothers was 67,9 ml and after intervention 85. 7 ml . Bivariate results have the effect of acupressure point for lactation intervention on maternal breastmilk production in the work area of Muaro Paiti District Health Center Kapur IX Lima Puluh Kota Regency 2018 (p = 0,0005). It is expected that health workers should be able to teach acupressure point for lactation techniques in breastfeeding mothers to increase milk production for mothers with breastfeeding production

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides foods, education, and referrals to participants who are considered to be at nutritional risk. The outreach of the program is impressive, and nearly 9.17 million people participated in the program in 2010. WIC participation is associated with many positive outcomes, including improved birthweights and childhood dietary practices. Despite these benefits, WIC mothers experience lower breastfeeding rates when compared with demographically similar women who do not participate in the WIC program. According to WIC, “A breastfeeding mother and her infant shall be placed in the highest priority level.” Despite this statement and others that support breastfeeding, WIC allocates only 0.6% of its budget toward breastfeeding initiatives. Formula expenses accounted for 11.6% ($850 million) of WIC’s 2009 expenses. The inconsistency between WIC’s policies that encourage breastfeeding vs. practices that favor formula begs further examination. Research shows consistent success with peer counseling programs among WIC participants; however, little money is budgeted for these programs. Rebates included, WIC spends 25 times more on formula than on breastfeeding initiatives. The American Academy of Nursing Expert Panel on Breastfeeding is calling for a re-evaluation of how these taxpayer dollars are spent. Additionally, the American Academy of Nursing recommends a shift from formula bargaining to an investment in structured peer counseling programs. All WIC programs should offer peer counseling support services that encourage breastfeeding and meet the needs of the families they serve.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine levels of montelukast in human milk and to develop a simple, sensitive analytical method using mass spectrometry. Methods: Milk samples were collected from seven breastfeeding mothers, age 26–35 years, at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 hours after oral ingestion of 10 mg montelukast. The samples were analyzed using a new Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry method. Area under the milk concentration time curve from zero to the time of the last sample (12 hours) was estimated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Results: Average montelukast levels (Cavg) in milk were 5.3 ng/mL, and the relative infant dose was 0.68% of the maternal dose. The maximum concentration (Cmax) observed at 4 hours (Tmax) was 9.7 ng/mL. Conclusion: The exposure to the infant seems to be very low, far below therapeutic ranges in an infant. Our data suggest that montelukast is probably safe to use in a breastfeeding mother.

This study is based on interviews conducted with 3 breastfeeding mothers and the amount of milk her breast is little caused crying baby and mother's milk punting blisters. Meanwhile, two other women told her normal milk production. The mother said the lack of information that were made of treatments to improve the production of breast milk (ASI) and they do not know about massage oxytocin to help increase milk production. This study aimed to observe the effect of oxytocin massage to increase milk production of breastfeeding mother in Plus Mandiangin Public Health Center Bukittinggi 2016. The study design using quasi experimental method, with the approach of one group pretest and posttest. Retrieving data using a questionnaire containing questions regarding milk production mother lactating. The research sample is 21 people who were in Plus Mandiangin Public Health Center Bukittinggi. In this study showed that there is a massage effect of oxytocin to increase milk production of breastfeeding mother in Plus Mandiangin Public Health Center Bukittinggi 2016 with a p-value of 0.000. It was concluded that there is a massage effect of oxytocin to increase milk production of breastfeeding mother in Plus Mandiangin Public Health Center Bukittinggi 2016. It is expected that this study can be used as a therapy to increase milk production of breastfeeding mothers.

Breastfeeding initiation and duration increase because of physician encouragement. However, many physicians have not received education on breastfeeding, and some may not have a supportive attitude or commitment to breastfeeding. Patients identify dissatisfaction with their current provider as a motivating factor in seeking health information on the Internet. This survey was performed to determine how many physicians with an interest and expertise in breastfeeding are being contacted for breastfeeding information over the Internet and to examine physicians' attitudes to these requests.An e-mail describing the survey, inviting participation, and containing a link to the online questionnaire was posted on the Web site of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine and as well as on the Listserv of the American Academy of Pediatrics-Section on Breastfeeding. Information collected included physician training, successes and challenges related to providing breastfeeding medicine support by e-mail, and current level of e-mail communication with patients regarding breastfeeding issues.One-fourth of physicians in our survey receive e-mails with questions about breastfeeding issues from patients with whom they have no preexisting relationships. More receive e-mail from known patients. This suggests that breastfeeding mothers seek expert information on the Internet. Over half of the physicians replied to e-mails individually and without any financial reimbursement.Many breastfeeding mothers reach out to breastfeeding experts over the Internet. Our findings suggest that physicians who provide care to breastfeeding mothers need further education on breastfeeding to provide adequate support to their own patients.

The recognition of the benefits of breastfeeding and the perils of formula feeding makes it incumbent upon the nursing profession to become knowledgeable in the realm of evidence-based care for all breastfeeding women. This is even more apparent with the rise in the number of multiple births and the potential subsequent sequelae that frequently arises from multiple gestations, that is, preterm births. Breastfeeding organizations such as La Leche League promote and support breastfeeding for women with multiple births. The aim of this article is to address those issues that hinder a mother's desire to breastfeed her twins, triplets, or even quadruplets. The numerous benefits of breastfeeding are elucidated together with guidelines for the health care professional to use in assisting the breastfeeding mother.

When a breastfeeding mother is depressed--or even at risk for depression--she is often advised to supplement with formula so that she can get more sleep. Results of recent studies suggest, however, that exclusively breastfeeding mothers actually get more sleep than their mixed- or formula-feeding counterparts. The present study examines the relationship between feeding method, maternal well-being, and postpartum depression in a sample of 6,410 mothers of infants 0-12 months of age. Our findings revealed that women who were breastfeeding reported significantly more hours of sleep, better physical health, more energy, and lower rates of depression than mixed- or formula-feeding mothers. Further, there were no significant differences on any measure between mixed- and formula-feeding mothers, suggesting that breastfeeding is a qualitatively different experience than even mixed feeding.

Exclusive breastfeeding is one program that is quite difficult to develop because it deals with various problems in social society. Until now exclusive breastfeeding coverage in Yogyakarta still has not reached the target expected. The factors that are suspected in this case is lack of exclusive breastfeeding motivation.One cause of this is husband support. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between husband’s support in giving brestfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy with mother’s exclusive breastfeeding motivation in Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul. The method of this research used non-experimental research with cross-sectional design. Respondents in this study were breastfeeding mothers who had infants

Latar Belakang; Masa menyusui sangat penting seorang ibu dan bayinya. Kelancaran produksi air susu ibu yang diberikan ke bayi dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap keadaan gizi bayi. Tujuan; untuk melihat factor yang berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Maradekaya Kota Makassar Tahun 2016.Bahan dan Metode; Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu menyusui dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah 97 ibu menyusui.Hasil; diperoleh pengetahuan gizi ibu berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan nilai p (0,003), status gizi ibu berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan nilai p (0,024), pola makan berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan nilai p (0,013), pantangan makanan berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui dengan nilai p (0,001).Kesimpulan; pengetahuan ASI dan Gizi, status gizi, pola makan dan pantangan makanan berhubungan dengan kelancaran produksi ASI pada ibu menyusui. Diharapkan kepada ibu agar menambah pengetahuan mengenai ASI dan gizi dengan cara aktif mengikuti penyuluhan, membaca informasi kesehatan melalui media cetak (pamflet) dan menyimak dari media elektronik

Although breastfeeding is encouraged by the medical community, many women do not breastfeed because of perceived social sanctions. This experiment examines the level of positive evaluations, negative affect, and normalcy accorded a woman who is breastfeeding. 106 undergraduates and 80 older adults from the Midwestern U.S. were shown photos of a woman breastfeeding in public or private. It was hypothesized that the breastfeeding mother would be seen more positively when breastfeeding in private than in public, and that this response would be moderated by participants’ familiarity with breastfeeding, gender, and levels of benevolent and hostile sexism. Results supported these predictions. Three explanations for the negative view of public breastfeeding are discussed: familiarity, sexist attitudes, and hypersexualization of the breast.

1. Meredith Renda, MD* 2. Philip Fischer, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn Vegetarianism is becoming more common among adults, with 1 in 40 adults currently choosing a vegetarian diet. Consequently, more children are raised as vegetarians. Vegetarianism is adopted for various reasons, including moral, religious, and health. Numerous studies have shown significant health benefits for individuals following this type of diet. Pediatricians should be well informed about vegetarianism and its role in our pediatric population. A first-time mother and her 2-month-old boy present to the clinic for a health supervision visit. The mother is breastfeeding, and her baby is growing appropriately. At the end of the visit, the mother mentions that she is a vegetarian and that she would like to raise her son in the same way. She would like to know what she should be doing as a breastfeeding mother and how she can make sure that her son has the appropriate nutrition in the future . The physician should begin by taking a dietary history from the mother to determine what type of vegetarianism she practices. He or she should explain to the mother that her infant's nutrition is based on her own dietary intake for as long as she continues to breastfeed. The pediatrician should counsel the mother on the importance of diet variety. If the mother is vegan, the pediatrician must take time to ensure that she is getting enough vitamin B12 and calcium in her diet. When she is ready to wean her infant, she should continue to focus on dietary variety. The mother should be cautioned that adult vegetarian diets that are high in bulk and low in calories are not always appropriate for the growing and developing child. Finally, the pediatrician should ensure that the mother has the appropriate resources to guide her in finding the best foods for her child's nutritional needs. …

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. Relapsing-Remitting MS is characterized by acute attacks followed by remission. Treatment is aimed at halting these attacks; therapy may last for months to years. Because MS disproportionately affects females and commonly begins during the childbearing years, clinicians treat pregnant or nursing MS patients. The intent of this review is to perform an in-depth analysis into the safety of drugs used in breastfeeding women with MS. This paper is composed of several drugs used in the treatment of MS and current research regarding their safety in breastfeeding including immunomodulators, immunosuppressants, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids, and drugs used for symptomatic treatment. Typically, some medications are large polar molecules which often do not pass into the milk in clinically relevant amounts. For this reason, interferon beta is likely safe for the infant when given to a breastfeeding mother. However, other drugs with particularly dangerous side effects may not be recommended. While treatment options are available and some data from clinical studies does exist, there continues to be a need for investigation and ongoing review of the medications used in breastfeeding mothers.

Traditionally, women have relied upon the wisdom and experience of other women to learn about mothering and breastfeeding. In the United States, however, this once-standard mother-to-mother interaction was almost nonexistent by the mid-20th century. Recent advances in the understanding of the benefits of breastfeeding for maternal and child health have led most professional organizations to advocate breastfeeding as the norm of infant feeding. Promotional breastfeeding efforts over the past 3 decades include strategies to strengthen support for breastfeeding in the health care system and in the community. Breastfeeding peer counseling represents a model of mother-to-mother support which emerged in the 1980s as a community-based resource to provide mothers with the support and assistance needed to establish and maintain breastfeeding in the early weeks and months postpartum. This article describes the role, training, and effectiveness of breastfeeding peer counselors and discusses ways that mothers and peer counselors might benefit from the connection and relationship that develops between the breastfeeding mother and her peer counselor. An exemplar of a breastfeeding peer counseling program is presented.

Do we have an ethical imperative to treat pain in women who are breastfeeding? In essence, there are two patient entities to be considered: the mother and the breastfed infant. The drugs used in the treatment of maternal pain may have potentially deleterious effects on the breastfed infant. Safety of the infant is paramount, but inadequate treatment of maternal pain seems unethical. In fact, under treatment of pain in a breastfeeding woman may make it difficult for the woman to breast feed the baby, and may contribute to maternal depression ⇓. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants be exclusively breastfed up to 6 months, followed by continuation of breastfeeding (along with complementary foods) up to the first year of life or even longer depending on the mother and the child ⇓. However, one of the factors affecting the decision to breast feed may …

The promotion of breastfeeding has been established as a global public health issue. Despite this global agenda, breastfeeding initiation and duration rates remain low in many countries. The lack of provision of adequate support to the breastfeeding mother is an important contributory factor to shorter duration of breastfeeding. Health professionals and voluntary breastfeeding supporters are in a prime position to work collaboratively to provide comprehensive support to the breastfeeding mother. However, a comparative evaluation of the breastfeeding support skills of voluntary breastfeeding supporters and health professionals has never been conducted. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding support skills of midwives and Breastfeeding Network (BfN) supporters. Breastfeeding support skills were assessed using a between-subjects design conducted with 15 midwives and 15 BfN supporters in the north-west of England. Support skills were measured using the prevalidated Breastfeeding Support Skills Tool (BeSST), a questionnaire and video tool. Total scores on the BeSST were significantly higher in the BfN group (mean = 42.5 +/- 6.4 SD) than in the midwife group (mean = 30.7 +/- 8.2 SD) [t (26.5) = 4.4, P < 0.0001]. The BfN group has the breastfeeding support skills necessary to provide adequate assistance for breastfeeding mothers. An interagency and interdisciplinary collaborative model is crucial to developing a coherent and cohesive approach to the support infrastructure for breastfeeding women.

Over the past thirty years much research and medical study has seen breastfeeding reconfirmed as the best option for the health of infants, so much so that it has influenced public health policies. As a result, research on the beneficial effects of breastfeeding on the health of mothers is somewhat limited. But information, which supports the view that there are significant positive health benefits for the breastfeeding mother, is growing. Most significant is information on breastfeeding's links to limiting the risks of various cancers, osteoporosis and diabetes. It is also found to be beneficial for uterine involution, weight loss, natural contraception and reducing stress. Yet, it is still the case in the UK that women are not opting to breastfeed in large enough numbers, or are breastfeeding for a very short time. Mothers need to be encouraged to breastfeed for their own health benefits as well as those of their child's. When making infant feeding decisions, women need to be well-informed about all aspects.