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There were performed researches on morphometric (the nuclear area, perimeter, the maximum and minimum diameters) and densitometric (optical density, integrated optical density) parameters of nuclei of cells on the cytologic smears received from 28 patients with atypical hyperplasia and an initial breast cancer. Significant reduction of measured nuclei parameters was noted among: moderately - and high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, lobular carcinoma in situ, an invasive papillary cancer, intraductal papilloma. The lowest value of the measured parameters was noted at love-grade ductal carcinoma in situ and intraductal papillary cancer. It was established that morphometric and densitometric indicators at atypical hyperplasia of an epithelium and an initial breast cancer in some cases overlap each other that is at the bottom of difficulties of differential cytomorphological diagnostics and quite often forces to formulate the cytologic conclusion in the presumable form.

Results are presented of preoperative and intraoperative cytological diagnosis of breast cancer metastases in regional lymph nodes in 84 patients. Of them in 42 there was studied material of fine-needle aspiration biopsy, in 42 - smears of sentinel lymph nodes. In all cases cytohistological comparisons were carried out. The effectiveness of cytological examination of material of fine-needle aspiration biopsy was 90.5%. Urgent cytology of smears of sentinel lymph nodes allowed revealing metastases in 5 of 10 patients. The use of immunohistochemical examination increases the likelihood of detection of micrometastases and isolated tumor cell clusters.

This paper presents an analysis of the results of cytological diagnostics of breast tumors in 3415 patients who underwent tests in the Laboratory of Cytology for 2009-2013. In 1434 patients there were performed cytohistological correlations. Sensitivity of cytology was 99.1%, specificity--93.5%, predictive value of the positive test--98.5%, predictive value of the negative test--95.9%, accuracy--98%. Non-informative material was obtained in 13.5% of cases. The main factors that reduced effectiveness of cytological method were non-informative and little informative material and also difficulties in conducting of differential cytomorphological diagnostics.